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Exam rev sem 2 > WW1 > Flashcards

WW1 Flashcards

1
Q

How many Australians fought in WW1?

A

416,809

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2
Q

How many Australians died in WW1?

A

60,000

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3
Q

4 long term causes of WWI

A

Militarism, Alliances, Imperialism, Nationalism

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4
Q

Militarism

A

The policy of a country developing weapons and military for defence and attack

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5
Q

militarism example from ww1

A

arms race between Germany and Great Britain: competing to see who had the best weapons

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6
Q

Nationalism

A

A strong feeling of pride in and devotion to one’s country and that country’s need

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7
Q

Nationalism example from WW1

A

In countries like Germany, nationalist movements united the people with a sense of greatness of who they were

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8
Q

Imperialism

A

A policy of extending a country’s power and influence to create an empire.

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9
Q

Imperialism example from WW1

A

The British Empire colonising countries to build it into an empire

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10
Q

alliance

A

An agreement between two or more countries

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11
Q

How did alliances lead to WWI?

A

Alliances caused a divide in Europe adding to the tension that was already present

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12
Q

Triple Alliance

A

Germany, Austria-Hungary (1879), and Italy (1882)

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13
Q

Triple Entente

A

Britain, France, Russia (1907)

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14
Q

Short causes of WWI

A

The assassination of Franz Ferdinand

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15
Q

Date of Franz Ferdinand’s assassination

A

June 28th, 1914

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16
Q

Where was Franz Ferdinand assassinated?

A

Sarajevo, Bosnia

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17
Q

Who killed Archduke Franz Ferdinand?

A

A group of Serbians

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18
Q

Franz Ferdinand Assassination

A

The first Serbian tried to kill Ferdinand with a bomb, but it hit the hood of his car and rebounded off. Ferdinand then decided to cancel the trip, but when they stopped to adjust the route they stopped in front of the second Serbian who shot Sophie then Franz Ferdinand in the neck. Franz Ferdinand died at 11:30am that day

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19
Q

Why did Austria-Hungary declare war on Serbia?

A

BecasueFranz ferdinand of Austria-Hungary’s died from serbia they deciuded to assert their dominacae. and declared war, it was encouraged by their ally germany

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20
Q

What date did Australia join the war?

A

The 4th of August, when Britain declared war on Germany.1914

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21
Q

Why did so many Australians enlist in WW1?

A

Because the war was seen as a glorious adventure and chance for Australia to prove itself to the rest of the world

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22
Q

How many Australians did the British empire ask for and how many enlisted in the first year

A

The british empire asked for 20,000 soldiers but over 50,000 soldiers enlisted by the end of 1914

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23
Q

Reasons Australians went to war

A
  • Australians wanted to prove themselves to the rest of the world
  • Some were loyal to the ‘mother country’ and wanted to fight for Britain
  • Australians were worried they would need future help for Britain
  • For adventure or travel, or even meeting new people (like French women)
  • men were encouraged to enlist by women
  • For good wages- soldiers earned average money at the time
  • Hatred for the enemy
  • Some wanted to run from commitments like families…
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24
Q

How did Australia encourage men to enlist?

A

Enlistment posters

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25
Why Gallipoli?
Russia needed supplies so the other allied forces moved through turkey and in the process capture the capital of Turkey, drawing ottoman solider away from other front
26
Where did the ANZACS train?
egypt
27
Date of the Gallipoli landing
25th April 1915
28
how did the ANZAC arrive in Turkey
By Boat
29
why were the ANZACS left exposed on arrival
The Turkish had were positioned on a 100m high cliff above the beach
30
What is the beach where the ANZACS arrived, now called?
ANZAC cove
31
Did the ANZACs have any success after the first day
Yes, they managed to secure the beach and progress inland
32
How many Australians died on the first day at Gallipoli?
600
33
Date of the Battle of Nek?
August 7th 1915
34
Date of the Battle of Lone Pine
August 6th-10th
35
Purpose of the Lone Pine battle
To capture Turkish trenches and distract their forces from an attack by New Zealand and Britain located else where
36
After 3 day of the Lone Pine battle, how many Australians were killed, wounded or missing
200
37
Purpose of the battle of The Nek
For ANZACs to capture turkish fortifications
38
How many soldiers were killed in one charge at The Nek
234
39
Conditions at Gallipoli
- ANZACs were exposed - Turkish had higher ground - Hot weather and cold weather - Rain and flooding creating mud - Disease (from dead bodies) - Pests (rats, lice...)
40
The relationship between the Turkish and Australian forces were...
Respectful and Honorable
41
Date of the retreat
December 19th-20th, 1915
42
How did the ANZACS retreat?
By setting up Ghost guns that would trigger while they escaped to make the Turkish think they were still there
43
How many ANZACs died during the retreat?
0
44
What part of the Gallipoli campaign was considered the most successful?
The retreat
45
How many Australian soldiers died at gallipoli?
8,709
46
How many Australian soldiers wounded at gallipoli?
19,000
47
How many Turkish soldiers died at gallipoli?
80,000
48
where did the ANZACs go after Gallipoli?
The Western Front
49
How did Australia's back home know about what happened at war
Charles bean, Australia official war correspondent would report on the ANZAC's activity
50
ANZAC qualities
Independence, determination, intolerance of authority, selflessness, willingness to take risks, initiative, bravery in face of defeat, good humour and the desire to have fair go
51
How did the war continue due to technology
When technological advancement were made the opposition would improve their weapons as wells and gain back all land lost, returning to a stalemate
52
guns
heavy and difficult to move - 600 rounds per minute
53
Tanks
- introduced by Britain in 1916 - unreliable - changed battle tactics and warfare
54
Planes
- aerial attacks are called dogfights - fitted with machine guns
55
Gases
- Introduce in 1915 - tear, Mustard and chlorine - Would be blown to the other trench, burning the lungs of the opposing force
56
Why and when did the western front start
In August 1914, because Germany invaded France through Belgium
57
Stalemate
A deadlock in which neither side is able to defeat the other
58
what pattern did trench warfare follow
1. heavy artillery attack to overwhelm the enemy trenches damaging the opposing fortifications and force them underground 2. Soldier charge where soldiers would run across no man's land and go to the enemy trench
59
Why did trench warfare lead to a stalemate?
Neither side could find a way to get its troops safely across no-man's land. Encountering mud, shell holes, barbed wire and enemy fortification
60
When was the war precautions act passed
1914
61
What did the War Precautions act do
Gave the government the ability to make laws about anything that affected the war effort
62
How did the War Precautions act affect germans in australia
A fear of possible German-Australian 'conflicted loyalties' led to several regulations under the War Precautions Act 1914, such as forbidding German-Australians to leave Australia or send money overseas.The law restricted the freedom of group and individuals Associated regulations required people with connections to enemy nations to register as 'aliens'. could not go to school, vote,
63
How did the War Precautions act divide australia
White australians became anti-germans
64
What did it become illegal to do due to the War Precautions Act
It became a crime to say anything that might discourage people from enlisting or show disloyal to the Britain empire (almost 2,430 persecutions)
65
What did it become illegal to do due to the War Precautions Act
It became a crime to say anything that might discourage people from enlisting or show disloyal to the Britain empire (almost 2,430 persecutions)
66
How many Germans were kept in camps
4,500
67
How many germans were deported
6,150
68
Why was censorship used?
- to protect information that could be used against Australia - Mail, telegrams, pamphlets and books, news and newspapers, plays, photographs, films, and speech were all subject to censorship – or restrictions – during the First World War - censorship was designed to stop information like troop movements from falling into enemy hands.
69
Why did enlistment rates drop
Because more people died and Australian men realised the danger in enlisting - Australians back home were making sacrifices resulting in food and resource shortages, so they wanted the war to end
70
When was conscription introduced?
1916
71
Who was Billy Hughes?
- the prime minster of Australia during the war - Supporter of the British empire but stood by australia's needs
72
What is a plebiscite?
A public vote that does not have the power to change the constitution
73
When was the first plebiscite? And what was the result?
October 1916. It was defeated
74
When was the second plebiscite? And what was the result?
1917. It was also defeated
75
Did Billy Hughes introduce conscription
No, it was voted no with the plebisit in aus
76
Reason for saying yes to conscription
- Britain needed help - men had enlisted so the other had a duty to serve - Australia must protect their reputation - should follow in the foot steps of the other allied countries
77
What groups supported conscription
- upper class - white people - political parties - businesses - newspaper - some veterans - protestants
78
Reason for saying no to conscription
- It was only for working men, so it wasn't fair - Many were afraid that employers would use it to rid working men of their right - no one has the right to send another to be killed - not enough farmers once they had all left - mainly for the working class - too many had already been injured or killed
79
What groups did not supported conscription
- working class - Irish - Catholics - labour parties - trade unions - returned soldiers - women

Exam rev sem 2 (4 decks)

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