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Exam rev sem 2 > WW1 > Flashcards

WW1 Flashcards

1
Q

How many Australians fought in WW1?

A

416,809

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2
Q

How many Australians died in WW1?

A

60,000

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3
Q

4 long term causes of WWI

A

Militarism, Alliances, Imperialism, Nationalism

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4
Q

Militarism

A

The policy of a country developing weapons and military for defence and attack

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5
Q

militarism example from ww1

A

arms race between Germany and Great Britain: competing to see who had the best weapons

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6
Q

Nationalism

A

A strong feeling of pride in and devotion to one’s country and that country’s need

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7
Q

Nationalism example from WW1

A

In countries like Germany, nationalist movements united the people with a sense of greatness of who they were

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8
Q

Imperialism

A

A policy of extending a country’s power and influence to create an empire.

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9
Q

Imperialism example from WW1

A

The British Empire colonising countries to build it into an empire

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10
Q

alliance

A

An agreement between two or more countries

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11
Q

How did alliances lead to WWI?

A

Alliances caused a divide in Europe adding to the tension that was already present

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12
Q

Triple Alliance

A

Germany, Austria-Hungary (1879), and Italy (1882)

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13
Q

Triple Entente

A

Britain, France, Russia (1907)

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14
Q

Short causes of WWI

A

The assassination of Franz Ferdinand

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15
Q

Date of Franz Ferdinand’s assassination

A

June 28th, 1914

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16
Q

Where was Franz Ferdinand assassinated?

A

Sarajevo, Bosnia

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17
Q

Who killed Archduke Franz Ferdinand?

A

A group of Serbians

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18
Q

Franz Ferdinand Assassination

A

The first Serbian tried to kill Ferdinand with a bomb, but it hit the hood of his car and rebounded off. Ferdinand then decided to cancel the trip, but when they stopped to adjust the route they stopped in front of the second Serbian who shot Sophie then Franz Ferdinand in the neck. Franz Ferdinand died at 11:30am that day

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19
Q

Why did Austria-Hungary declare war on Serbia?

A

BecasueFranz ferdinand of Austria-Hungary’s died from serbia they deciuded to assert their dominacae. and declared war, it was encouraged by their ally germany

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20
Q

What date did Australia join the war?

A

The 4th of August, when Britain declared war on Germany.1914

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21
Q

Why did so many Australians enlist in WW1?

A

Because the war was seen as a glorious adventure and chance for Australia to prove itself to the rest of the world

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22
Q

How many Australians did the British empire ask for and how many enlisted in the first year

A

The british empire asked for 20,000 soldiers but over 50,000 soldiers enlisted by the end of 1914

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23
Q

Reasons Australians went to war

A
  • Australians wanted to prove themselves to the rest of the world
  • Some were loyal to the ‘mother country’ and wanted to fight for Britain
  • Australians were worried they would need future help for Britain
  • For adventure or travel, or even meeting new people (like French women)
  • men were encouraged to enlist by women
  • For good wages- soldiers earned average money at the time
  • Hatred for the enemy
  • Some wanted to run from commitments like families…
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24
Q

How did Australia encourage men to enlist?

A

Enlistment posters

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25
Q

Why Gallipoli?

A

Russia needed supplies so the other allied forces moved through turkey and in the process capture the capital of Turkey, drawing ottoman solider away from other front

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26
Q

Where did the ANZACS train?

A

egypt

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27
Q

Date of the Gallipoli landing

A

25th April 1915

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28
Q

how did the ANZAC arrive in Turkey

A

By Boat

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29
Q

why were the ANZACS left exposed on arrival

A

The Turkish had were positioned on a 100m high cliff above the beach

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30
Q

What is the beach where the ANZACS arrived, now called?

A

ANZAC cove

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31
Q

Did the ANZACs have any success after the first day

A

Yes, they managed to secure the beach and progress inland

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32
Q

How many Australians died on the first day at Gallipoli?

A

600

33
Q

Date of the Battle of Nek?

A

August 7th 1915

34
Q

Date of the Battle of Lone Pine

A

August 6th-10th

35
Q

Purpose of the Lone Pine battle

A

To capture Turkish trenches and distract their forces from an attack by New Zealand and Britain located else where

36
Q

After 3 day of the Lone Pine battle, how many Australians were killed, wounded or missing

A

200

37
Q

Purpose of the battle of The Nek

A

For ANZACs to capture turkish fortifications

38
Q

How many soldiers were killed in one charge at The Nek

A

234

39
Q

Conditions at Gallipoli

A
  • ANZACs were exposed
  • Turkish had higher ground
  • Hot weather and cold weather
  • Rain and flooding creating mud
  • Disease (from dead bodies)
  • Pests (rats, lice…)
40
Q

The relationship between the Turkish and Australian forces were…

A

Respectful and Honorable

41
Q

Date of the retreat

A

December 19th-20th, 1915

42
Q

How did the ANZACS retreat?

A

By setting up Ghost guns that would trigger while they escaped to make the Turkish think they were still there

43
Q

How many ANZACs died during the retreat?

A

0

44
Q

What part of the Gallipoli campaign was considered the most successful?

A

The retreat

45
Q

How many Australian soldiers died at gallipoli?

A

8,709

46
Q

How many Australian soldiers wounded at gallipoli?

A

19,000

47
Q

How many Turkish soldiers died at gallipoli?

A

80,000

48
Q

where did the ANZACs go after Gallipoli?

A

The Western Front

49
Q

How did Australia’s back home know about what happened at war

A

Charles bean, Australia official war correspondent would report on the ANZAC’s activity

50
Q

ANZAC qualities

A

Independence, determination, intolerance of authority, selflessness, willingness to take risks, initiative, bravery in face of defeat, good humour and the desire to have fair go

51
Q

How did the war continue due to technology

A

When technological advancement were made the opposition would improve their weapons as wells and gain back all land lost, returning to a stalemate

52
Q

guns

A

heavy and difficult to move
- 600 rounds per minute

53
Q

Tanks

A
  • introduced by Britain in 1916
  • unreliable
  • changed battle tactics and warfare
54
Q

Planes

A
  • aerial attacks are called dogfights
  • fitted with machine guns
55
Q

Gases

A
  • Introduce in 1915
  • tear, Mustard and chlorine
  • Would be blown to the other trench, burning the lungs of the opposing force
56
Q

Why and when did the western front start

A

In August 1914, because Germany invaded France through Belgium

57
Q

Stalemate

A

A deadlock in which neither side is able to defeat the other

58
Q

what pattern did trench warfare follow

A
  1. heavy artillery attack to overwhelm the enemy trenches damaging the opposing fortifications and force them underground
  2. Soldier charge where soldiers would run across no man’s land and go to the enemy trench
59
Q

Why did trench warfare lead to a stalemate?

A

Neither side could find a way to get its troops safely across no-man’s land. Encountering mud, shell holes, barbed wire and enemy fortification

60
Q

When was the war precautions act passed

A

1914

61
Q

What did the War Precautions act do

A

Gave the government the ability to make laws about anything that affected the war effort

62
Q

How did the War Precautions act affect germans in australia

A

A fear of possible German-Australian ‘conflicted loyalties’ led to several regulations under the War Precautions Act 1914, such as forbidding German-Australians to leave Australia or send money overseas.The law restricted the freedom of group and individuals Associated regulations required people with connections to enemy nations to register as ‘aliens’. could not go to school, vote,

63
Q

How did the War Precautions act divide australia

A

White australians became anti-germans

64
Q

What did it become illegal to do due to the War Precautions Act

A

It became a crime to say anything that might discourage people from enlisting or show disloyal to the Britain empire (almost 2,430 persecutions)

65
Q

What did it become illegal to do due to the War Precautions Act

A

It became a crime to say anything that might discourage people from enlisting or show disloyal to the Britain empire (almost 2,430 persecutions)

66
Q

How many Germans were kept in camps

A

4,500

67
Q

How many germans were deported

A

6,150

68
Q

Why was censorship used?

A
  • to protect information that could be used against Australia
  • Mail, telegrams, pamphlets and books, news and newspapers, plays, photographs, films, and speech were all subject to censorship – or restrictions – during the First World War
  • censorship was designed to stop information like troop movements from falling into enemy hands.
69
Q

Why did enlistment rates drop

A

Because more people died and Australian men realised the danger in enlisting
- Australians back home were making sacrifices resulting in food and resource shortages, so they wanted the war to end

70
Q

When was conscription introduced?

A

1916

71
Q

Who was Billy Hughes?

A
  • the prime minster of Australia during the war
  • Supporter of the British empire but stood by australia’s needs
72
Q

What is a plebiscite?

A

A public vote that does not have the power to change the constitution

73
Q

When was the first plebiscite? And what was the result?

A

October 1916. It was defeated

74
Q

When was the second plebiscite? And what was the result?

A
  1. It was also defeated
75
Q

Did Billy Hughes introduce conscription

A

No, it was voted no with the plebisit in aus

76
Q

Reason for saying yes to conscription

A
  • Britain needed help
  • men had enlisted so the other had a duty to serve
  • Australia must protect their reputation
  • should follow in the foot steps of the other allied countries
77
Q

What groups supported conscription

A
  • upper class
  • white people
  • political parties
  • businesses
  • newspaper
  • some veterans
  • protestants
78
Q

Reason for saying no to conscription

A
  • It was only for working men, so it wasn’t fair
  • Many were afraid that employers would use it to rid working men of their right
  • no one has the right to send another to be killed
  • not enough farmers once they had all left
  • mainly for the working class
  • too many had already been injured or killed
79
Q

What groups did not supported conscription

A
  • working class
  • Irish
  • Catholics
  • labour parties
  • trade unions
  • returned soldiers
  • women

Exam rev sem 2 (4 decks)

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