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1
Q

Biotic

A

Living things

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2
Q

abiotic

A

Non living

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3
Q

Biotic or abiotic? Water

A

abiotic

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4
Q

Biotic or abiotic?: Plants

A

biotic

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5
Q

Biotic or abiotic? Sun

A

abiotic

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6
Q

Biotic or abiotic? Air

A

abiotic

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7
Q

Ecosystem

A

A community of organisms and their abiotic environment

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8
Q

Community

A

All the different populations of living things that live together in an area

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9
Q

Population

A

A group of individuals that belong to the same species and live in the same area

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10
Q

Chloroplast

A

Organelle where photosynthesis occurs

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11
Q

What is a chloroplast?

A

A structure in the cells of plants that captures energy from sunlight and uses it to produce food.

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12
Q

What is chlorophyll?

A

green pigment found in chloroplast

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13
Q

Word equation for photosynthesis?

A

Carbon dioxide + water -> glucose + oxygen

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14
Q

Reactant of photosynthesis?

A

carbon dioxide and water

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15
Q

Products of photosynthesis?

A

glucose and oxygen

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16
Q

Requirements of photosynthesis? (not the reactants)

A

sunlight energy, chlorophyll

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17
Q

What is the name of the cells within a leaf that contain the most chloroplasts?

A

Pallisade Mesophyll

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18
Q

What is the name of the cells that form stomata?

A

Guard Cells

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19
Q

How does a plant get the carbon dioxide needed for photosynthesis?

A

Carbon dioxide gas enters the leaf via the stomata from the outside environment.

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20
Q

How does a plant get the water needed for photosynthesis?

A

The root absorb water from the soil and transport it up to the leaves in xylem tissue.

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21
Q

What does a plant do with the glucose it make through the process of photosynthesis?

A

It uses it for living eg moving, growing, reproducing etc. Any excess is stored as starch for later use.

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22
Q

How do plants move the glucose they make in their leaves to other parts of their body eg root

A

Glucose is moved around the plant in phloem tissue

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23
Q

Organisms that make their own food through photosynthesis.

A

Autotroph (producer)

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24
Q

Organisms that need to eat the glucose made by autotrophs.

A

Heterotroph (consumer)

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25
Another name for anaerobic respiration in Fungi
Fermentation
26
What sort of organisms need to respire?
All living things need to make energy for themselves through cellular respiration eg Plants, Animals, Fungi & Bacteria
27
Word equation for Aerobic respiration in animals?
glucose + oxygen --> carbon dioxide + water + ATP (energy)
28
Word equation for Anaerobic respiration in animals?
glucose --> lactic acid + ATP (energy)
29
Decomposer
An organism that breaks down wastes and dead organisms
30
Biosphere
the part of Earth where life exists
31
Lithosphere
the solid, outer layer of the earth
32
Hydrosphere
All the water on earth
33
Atmosphere
A thin layer of gases surrounding Earth
34
Parallax error
Error caused by not having your eye directly in line with the measurement
35
Zero error
A type of systematic error caused by using a piece of equipment that isn't zeroed properly.
36
Reading error
Error due to guesswork needed when a measurement falls between an instrument's markings
37
dependent variable
The thing that is observed or mesured.
38
independent variable
The experimental factor that is manipulated/changed; the variable whose effect is being studied.
39
controlled viariable
Variable that we try to keep the same so that the experiment is as fair as possible.
40
A food web shows
the feeding relationships within an ecosystem.
41
The arrow in a food chain or food web shows
The direction that energy flows.
42
Water Cycle: Precipitation
water that falls from the atmosphere to the Earth's surface
43
Water Cycle: Condensation
Occurs when water vapor cools and turns into water. Ex. clouds, dew on morning grass, water on the mirror after you shower
44
Water Cycle: Evaporation
Changing of a liquid to a gas; caused by the suns energy; most evaporation over ocean
45
Water Cycle: Runoff
Water from land that runs down into rivers, lakes, and oceans
46
Water Cycle: Transpiration
release of water vapor (gas) from plant's surface (through pores); pores- tiny holes on underside of leaves
47
Carbon Cycle: Photosynthesis
The fixing of carbon into sugars from carbon dioxide
48
Carbon Cycle: Respiration
the process where carbohydrates formed in photosynthesis are converted into CO2
49
Carbon Cycle: Fossil Fuels
undergo combustion/burning which produces and releases carbon dioxide into the atmosphere
50
Carbon Cycle: Decomposition
decomposers break down organisms into organic compounds - CO2 is returned to the atmosphere
51
Carbon Cycle: fossil fuel
...
52
Carnivore
A consumer that eats only animals.
53
Herbivore
A consumer that eats only plants.
54
Omnivore
An animal that eats both plants and animals
55
1st order consumer/ primary consumer
Primary consumer that eats only producers
56
2nd order consumer/secondary consumer
eats 1st order consumer
57
3rd order consumer/tertiary consumer
eats 2nd order consumer
58
How much energy is passed up to the next level in the food chain?
10%
59
Name 4 threats posed by humans to ecosystems
Climate change, Introduced species, habitat loss, pollution, poaching/hunting
60
Name 4 natural threats to ecosystems
Fire, flood, earthquakes, volcanic eruption, whether, drought
61
The ultimate source of energy on Earth
sunlight
62
What is ATP and what does it stand for?
Adenosine Triphosphate -compound that cells use to store and release energy, used to power up cellular activity
63
Predator
An animal that hunts other animals for food
64
Prey
An organism that is killed and eaten by another organism
65
competition
the struggle between organisms to survive in a habitat with limited resources eg competition for food, reproduction, nutrients, light
66
Introduced species
species moved by humans to new geographic areas, either intentionally or accidentally
67
climate change
a change in global or regional climate patterns
68
habitat loss
destruction or disruption of Earth's natural habitats, most often due to human actions such as agriculture, forestry, mining, and urbanization
69
pollution
Release of harmful materials into the environmen
70
poaching
Illegal killing or removal of wildlife from their habitats
71
Where in a cell does anaerobic respiration take place?
Cytoplasm
72
conservation of mass
a principle stating that mass cannot be created or destroyed.
73
conservation of energy
a principle stating that energy cannot be created or destroyed, but can be altered from one form to another.
74
Word equation for Anaerobic respiration in fungi, bacteria & yeast
Glucose ----> ethanol + carbon dioxide + ATP

Exam rev sem 2 (4 decks)

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