wtr treatment lesson 4 Flashcards
Water Types of Operators:
Operator In Training (OIT)
Level I to Level IV Operator
Operator In Charge (OIC)
Overall Responsible Operator (ORO)
Types of Licenses:
Water Treatment
Water Distribution
Water Distribution and Supply
Water characteristics
Physical characteristics
Chemical characteristics
Microbial characteristics
Radiological characteristics
Different indicators and water quality standards depending on use of:
Industry
Agricultural
Drinking water
Recreation
Fisheries
Why is drinking water quality important?
Public Health protection
The aesthetics promote customer acceptance
Influences treatment process and costs
the four main categories for drinking water characteristics
Physical
Microbiological
Chemical
Radiological
Physical characteristic
Turbidity
Colour
Temperature
Taste and Odor
Microbiological characteristic
Pathogens
Algae … Blue Green Cyanobacteria
Chemical characteristic
Organic & Inorganic
pH
Hardness
Alkalinity
Iron & Manganese
Radiological characteristic
Natural and artificial
Which physical or chemical characteristics of source water have the potential to affect health…and why?
all of the physical characteristics.
Turbidity: increases chlorine demand and may result in the formation of disinfection by-products (DBP) with organics
Temperature: indirect impact on health cuz it affects the rate of growth of microorganisms.
Colour: colour may indicate presence of decaying organic material.
Taste and Odour: changes in taste might be an indication of contamination of the raw water supply, inadequate treatment of excessive biological activity.
Chemical impact: pH: elevated levels of undesirable chemical compounds are associated with corrosion problems in certain pipes, which occur at pH levels below 6.5
Which physical characteristics of source water have an impact on disinfection…and why?
Turbidity
Temperature
Colour
Water source
Surface Water
Ground Water
Ground water Under Direct Influence of Surface Water (GUDI)
Surface water
Lakes, Ponds, Wetlands, Rivers, Streams, Drainage ditches, Infiltration trenches to recharge groundwater
Colour from organic compounds,
Lower hardness and alkalinity than groundwater.
Turbidity and suspended solids
Microbiological contamination
Nuisance Organisms
Subject to land/runoff contamination and industrial/municipal discharges
Ground water
Water from below the earth’s surface:
- True groundwater essentially free of impacts of surface water.
-Groundwater Under the Direct Influence of
- surface water (GUDI)
Aquifer include Confined and Unconfined.
More dissolved minerals
Iron and manganese
pH range of 6.5-7.5
Temperature steady ~10°C year-round
GUDI
Groundwater Under Direct Influence of Surface Water
Susceptible to contamination by surface water
Same risks of contamination as surface water, thus, same treatment and disinfection requirements
Groundwater Contamination
Fuel, solvents, pesticides and
other chemical spills
Leakage from manure storage, septic tanks and landfills
Leaking underground and above ground fuel storage tanks
Movement of groundwater between contaminated and clean aquifers
Overapplication of soil products such as manure, biosolids, fertilizers or pesticides
Influence of surface water
Groundwater Treatment
Disinfection
UV inactivation to achieve CT
GUDI Groundwater Treatment
Same as Surface Water
Possible chemical treatment
Possible filtration
Disinfection
UV inactivation
Ground Water or Surface Water?
Both ground water and surface water can provide safe drinking water, as long as the sources are not polluted, and the water is sufficiently treated.
In general, groundwater easier and cheaper to treat than surface water, because it tends to be less polluted.
