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WSET II Cont.. Varietals Flashcards

1
Q

Burgundy - Black wine varietal and regional PDOs

A

Pinot Noir

Bourgogne AOC < village < Premier cru < grand Cru = 10+ years aged

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2
Q

Burgundy villages AOCs

A

cote de nuits: Gevrey-Chambertin + Nuit-Saint-George

cote de beaune: Beaune + Pommard

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3
Q

California Pinot Noir regions

A

Sonoma, Los Carneros, Santa Barbara

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4
Q

Other Pinot Noir regions

A

Casablanca Valley, Chile
Walker Bay, South Africa
Yarra Valley, Australia

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5
Q

Zinfandel / Primitivo

A

native to croatia
Cali= zinfandel and in Italy: Primitivo (puglia)
in puglia- very warm- ripens unevenly- raisen

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6
Q

Red Zin vs. White Zin

A

white: short maceration / low abv / Rose production
red: black fruit / full body / high tannin + acidity / dried fruit/ high ABV / does well with oak to soften tannin

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7
Q

What are the necessary conditions for Botrytis

A

NEEDS: ripe grapes, damp misty mornings, warm dry afternoons.
Botrytis concentrates sugars and flavors in grapes

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8
Q

What are the stages of grape formation / ripening?

A
  1. Flowering: in spring- each cluster of flower becomes bunch of grapes
  2. Fruit set: flower becomes small hard green grape
  3. Veraison: mid-summer RIPENING - this is point when grapes start to become golden and red/purple
  4. Ripening: swell with water, sugar increase, acid decrease
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9
Q

what is batonnage?

A

stirring of the lees (with a “baton”)

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10
Q

what is “Sussreserve”?

A

addition of sterile grape juice to sweeten dry wine - used in Riesling as SUPER acidic

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11
Q

Riesling in France?

A

Alsace AOC - dry & sunny region - grapes ripen slowly

wine is ripe citrus, stone fruit, vibrant blossom - VENDANGES TARDIVES

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12
Q

Riesling in Germany?

A

Mosel, Rheingau, Pfalz

Germany has mostly cool climate, dry, light-med body high acid, blossom, stone fruit, petrol

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13
Q

German PGI & PDOs

A

PGI: Landwein - lightest body and least ripe
PDO: Qualitatswein
Pradikatswein (6 Catagories)

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14
Q

What are the 6 Pradikatswein categories?

A 
from dry to sweet:
1) Kabinett. 2) Spatlese. 3) Auslese 
concentrated by freezing
4) Eiswein  
concentrated by botrytis
5) Beerenauslese  6) Trockenbeerenauslese
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15
Q

what are labelling terms: “Trocken” and “Halbtrocken”

A 
Trocken= Dry wine
Halbtrocken= wine w/ some sweetness
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16
Q

Chenin Blanc ?

A

Versatile range of 3 growing climates
Dry to Sweet, oaked or unoaked, botrytis, can be aged
green apple, lemon, stone fruit

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17
Q

Chenin Blanc Regions?

A

France: Vouvray AOC- only variety planted here - unoaked (Loire Valley)
South Africa: most widely planted white grape variety - old vines here - warm climate - smoke, vanilla, spice, tropical friend

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18
Q

Semillon ?

A

blended with Sauv Blanc - Moderate & Warm climates, dry to sweet, light to full body, unoaked or oaked, can age, med to high acid. youthful apple/lemon/grass to developed honey/raison /nut

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19
Q

Semillon Regions?

A

France: Bordeaux AOC and Sauternes AOC (in bordeaux)
Sauternes sweet wine, botrytis, med-high ABV
Australia: Barossa Valley, Hunter Valley

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20
Q

Furmint?

A

Moderate climate - dry to sweet - high acid - botrytis to make sweet wines in Tokaj region of NE Hungary. aged in oak and matured in bottle= marmalade

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21
Q

What is Tokaj Aszu

A

sweet wine from Botrytis - sweetness indicated by “Puttonyos”

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22
Q

Chardonnay?

A

3 Growing Climates - versatile grape

Dry, med-high acid, light to full body, green fruit / lemon to banana and stone fruit

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23
Q

Chardonnay Regions in France?

A

Burgundy: main white grape planted
Bourgogne AOC
Chablis AOC (unoaked/COOL)
Cote d’Or: VILLAGES: Meursault AOC, Puligny-Montrachet AOC
Maconnais: Macon AOC, Pouilly-Fuisse AOC (fruity/ unoaked)

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24
Q

Other Chardonnay Regions?

A

Cali: Central Valley (warm//dry high volume)
Carneros, Sonoma, Napa, Santa Barbara - better quality
South Africa, Australia, Chile, NZ

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25
Sauvignon Blanc ?
Cool & moderate climates, high acid, dry, light to med body, unoaked, typically single but sometimes blended with Semillon. stoney, herbaceous, asparagus, floral, GBP (YOUNG) green apple, lemon, peach, passionfruit (RIPE)
26
Sauvignon Blanc Regions in France?
-ONLY white variety planted in Sancerre AOC and Pouilly-Fume AOC (Loire Valley) - cool climate, high acid, dry -Touraine AOC - fruity / inexpensive BORDEAUX- native to here -Bordeaux AOC, Graves AOC, Pessac-Leognan AOC ^blended w/ Semillon for complexity/aging
27
Other Sauvignon Blanc Regions?
Marlborough, NZ. Margaret River, Adelaide Hills, Australia, Casablanca Valley, Central Valley Chile, South Africa, Napa Valley, Cali
28
Pinot Grigio ?
ITALY! Veneto Region NE Italy | 1) delle Venezie DOC or 2) Veneto IGT = simple, cheap, high volume, dry, high acid, lemon, green apple
29
Pinot Gris ?
FRANCE! Alsace Region 1) Alsace AOC, 2) Alsace Grand Cru AOC, 3) Alsace Vendages Tardives Dry, off dry or medium, medium acid, full body, complex aged, banana, peach, mango, ginger, honey, nutty
30
What varieties of wine can be labeled Grand Cru or VENDAGES TARDIVES ?
Pinot Gris, Riesling, Gewurztraminer ONLY IN ALSACE REGION.
31
Gewurztraminer ?
low to med acid, AROMATIC, dry to sweet, full body, unoaked, peach, apricot, lychee - can age. cool- moderate climate - ALSACE MOST FAMOUS
32
Viognier ? (vee-in-yay)
WHITE low to medium acid, AROMATIC, high alcohol, dry, moderate climate only, oaked or unoaked, single varietal or blended, super peachy, apricot, blossom -Condrieau AOC- France's northern rhone region dedicated to viognier
33
Albarino ?
WHITE High acid, dry, medium body, single varietal, moderate climate only, doesnt ripen to high sugar levels, early drinking.
34
What is Rias Baixas DO?
Region of NW Spain on Atlantic Ocean - Albarino grown here in cool, wet, cloudy climate- producing REFRESHING wine- sometimes adds lees for more body/ complexity.
35
Merlot ?
Moderate & warm climates, medium acid & tannin, single varietal or blended, light to full body, oaked or unoaked, can age to dried fruit/ tobacco. - GBP, red fruit, to blackfruit (ripe) - Bordeaux is the home!
36
Cabernet Sauvignon ?
Moderate & warm climates high acid & tannin, single varietal or blended, med-full body, THICK SKIN, oak is common, herbaceous, age to dried fruit/ earth/ forest floor -GPB, mint, currant, black fruit/cherry
37
How does Merlot soften Cabernet ?
1) lower tannin 2) make wines ready to drink earlier 3) add red fruit flavors
38
How does Cabernet add structure to Merlot ?
1) balance / increase acidity 2) add tannin
39
what % of blend needs to be Cabernet for a wine to be labeled "Cabernet" in the USA?
75%
40
Bordeaux: Left Bank ?
Left Bank = Cabernet dominant blends | 1) Medoc AOC, 2) Haut-Medoc AOC, 3) Pauillac AOC, 4) Margaux AOC, Graves AOC, Pessac-Leognan AOC
41
Bordeaux: Right Bank ?
Right Bank = Merlot dominant blends | 1) Pomerol AOC, 2) Saint-Emilion AOC, 3) Saint-Emilion Grand Cru AOC
42
Bordeaux Lowest level AOC's ?
Bordeaux AOC & Bordeaux Superieur AOC
43
Soil growing conditions for Merlot ?
Right Bank = sandy, clay soils, wetter, cooler
44
Soil growing conditions for Cabernet ?
Left Bank = gravel, stoney soil, hot! cab hates wet feet
45
California Cabernet regions ?
Napa, Sonoma, oakville, rutherford, calistoga
46
Chile Cabernet ?
Maipo Valley, Colchagua Valley, Central Valley - can be blended with Chilean Carmenere - distinctive herbal mint, herbaceous GBP, oack
47
South Africa Cabernet ?
Stellenbosch - high quality region | -fresh fruit to full body cooked fruit with high ABV
48
What wines are in a cape blend?
Pinotage, Cabernet, Merlot
49
Syrah / Shiraz ?
THICK SKIN moderate to warm climate, med to high tannin, med to high acid, THICK skin, black fruit, spice, ages well- dried fruit, leather, meat, earth, licorice, oak to soften tannin and add smoke/spice - SYRAH is the signature style of the Rhone valley
50
what is in a Rhone Blend? (south rhone)
Grenache & Syrah
51
France Syrah PDOs ?
NORTHERN RHONE 1) Cote Rotie AOC - most north region syrah will grow - blend with small amount viogner for floral accent 2) Hermitage AOC - one steep south hill - EXPENSIVE 3) Crozes-Hermitage AOC - large/flat area - LOWER price bc machines can harvest 4) South of France: Minerrvois AOC or Pays d'Oc
52
Gamay ?
high acid, low to med tannin, unoaked, light body, inert vessel, red fruit, banana, candy - Moderate climate directly south of burgundy called Beaujolais
53
Gamay Labeling & PDOs
1) Beaujolais AOC 2) Beaujolais Villages 3) Beaujolais Crus - FLEURIE AOC - 10 villages
54
Grenache (france) Garnacha (spain) ?
thin skin, low-med tannin, low acid, high sugar= BODY, warm climate- LOVES HEAT. Red fruit, spice, ages well - earth, meat, dried fruit. used in ROSE wine too -blended with tempranillo in spain & syrah in france
55
Grenache PDOs / labelling ?
1) Cotes du Rhone AOC 2) Cotes du Rhone Villages AOC 3) Chateauneuf-du-Pape - outstanding, full body with high alcohol. large round stones absorb heat and radiate back to vines at night. ^ ALSO INCLUDE RHONE CRUS- ^^^ the syrah crus South of France: Minervois AOC
56
Garnacha PDOs / labelling ?
1) Rioja DOCa - 2) Priorat DOCa in Catalunya 2) Navarra DO - dry rose wines
57
Tempranillo ?
Spain's most prized black grape. Dry, med acid & tannin, red fruit and black fruit, light to full body, oaked or unoaked, can age well- leather, dried fruit, mushroom - known for small new oak maturation
58
Tempranillo PDOs ?
1) Catalunya DO - high volume, light, fruity 2) Rioja DOCa 3) Ribera del Duero DO - inland mountainous - very good/ outstanding
59
**** what 4 LABELLING terms IN SPAIN are used to reflect style and quality ****
1) Joven: young, fruity, no min aging 2) Crianza: must be aged in oak barrel prior to release 3) Reserva: must age extended period in oak and in bottle 4) Gran Reserva: highest min aging requirements- pronounced secondary/ tertiary
60
Carmenere ?
Chile signature grape variety - Warm climate, doesnt like wet or cold, med-high acid, oaked: coffee/chocolate high tannin, GBP, herbal eucalyptus, black fruit, TOMATO LEAF * CENTRAL VALLEY (france origin)
61
Malbec ?
Argentina's Signature grape variety - Warm Climate, high tannin, black fruit, often oaked, spice from new oak, blend (cab / merlot) or single, full body * MENDOZA= high altitude (france origin)
62
Pinotage ?
South Africa signature grape - Warm Climate, high acid, med tannin, red fruit, blend or single, med-full body - can be fruity or powerful and full body. takes on strong flavors of oak * Western Cape (close relative to pinot noir)
63
Name the 4 Italian Whites ?
1) Cortese 2) Garganega 3) Verdicchio 4) Fiano | * from north to south
64
Name the 5 Italian Blacks ?
1) Nebbiolo 2) Barbera 3) Corvina 4) Sangiovese 5) Montepulciano * from north to south
65
Cortese ?
WHITE - high acid, blossom, green fruit, citrus, dry, light, unoaked, early drinking - Piemonte region: Gavi DOCG - call wine "Gavi"
66
Garganega ?
WHITE- high acid, green + citrus, stone fruit, dry to sweet, medium body, unoaked, early drinking some aged - Veneto region: 1) Soave DOC 2) Soave Classico DOC 3) Recioto di Soave DOCG - sweet wine made from APPASSIMENTO (dried grape concentrated)
67
Verdicchio ?
WHITE- high acid, green + citrus fruit, herbal, dry medium body, unoaked, early drinking some age. *FENNEL* - Marche region: Verdicchio dei Castelli di Jesi DOC
68
Fiano ?
WHITE- medium acidity, stone fruit, tropical fruit, dry, med-full body, oaked or unoaked, *aged on lees*, early or aged drinking - Campania region: Fiano di Avellino DOCG
69
Nebbiolo ?
BLACK- high acid, highest tannin, red fruit, floral, herbal, forest floor, full body, oaked, single varietal, need to age to get mushroom, tobacco, leather , tar - Piemonte Region: - Barolo DOCG: only variety planted here- one slope - Barbaresco DOCG- larger area
70
Barbera ?
BLACK- high acid, low to med tannin, red fruit, spice, single varietal, oaked/unoaked, simple or complex can be early drinking or can age (can drink earlier than barolo bc less tannin) - Piemonte region - Barbera d'asti DOCG
71
Corvina ?
BLACK - high acid, low to med tannin, red fruit, tomato leaf, rosemary, often blended. Most important grape variety in region - Veneto Region / Valpolicella - Valpolicella DOC / Valpolicella Classico DOC (fresh grapes) - Amarone della Valpolicella DOCG - dried grapes using APPASSIMENTO METHOD
72
Sangiovese ?
BLACK - high acid, high tannin, red fruit, herbal, med to full body, often oak, often blended, benefits from warm climate - TUSCANY!! 1) Chianti DOCG, 2) Chianti Classico DOCG, 3) Chianti Classico Riserva DOCG, 4) Brunello di Montalcino DOCG- from town of Montalcino which is warm and sunny w/ v high tannin / acid & must mature in oak for a long time
73
Montepulciano ?
BLACK - med acid, high tannin, black fruit, raspy/ peppery, blended or single, oaked or unoaked, early drinking, high volume, inexpensive -Abruzzo region Montepulciano d'Abruzzo DOC

Wine (3 decks)

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