WSET II Chapter 4 Flashcards
What do all fruit spirit distillers use?
Fruit grown locally
Why do they need to use locally grown fruit?
Because it spoils quickly and puts out an off aroma
What are the two ways to process fruit?
Crushed and pressed to create a liquid to distill
Macerated in a neutral spirit
What grapes to distillers prefer?
White grapes because theyre highly acidic and don’t produce aroma
How are grapes processed?
crushed and pressed to release their juice, skins and seeds discarded
Producers must distill wine
within a few months of fermentation
What is pomace?
Grape skins discarded by winemakers
What does pomace make?
Pomace brandy
Before being fermented what needs to happen to the grape skins?
Adding water
The skin of black grapes
gives wine its color
The skins give pomace brandy
herbaceous and spicy aromas
Why would you macerate fruit into a neutral spirit?
It is difficult to get enough juice out of some fruits to ferment it
Most macerated fruit in neutral spirits are
high quality flavored vodkas
Majority of high quality fruit spirits are made using
pot stills
Most grape and apple brandies are
matured in oak barrels and sometimes matures for decades
France uses grapes to make
Cognac
Armagnac
France uses apples to produce
Calvados
What are the four big companies of Cognac
Remy Martin
Martell
Courvosier
Hennessey
Vs is how many years
2
VSOP is how many years
4
XO is how many years
6
VS means
Very special
VSOP means
Very Special Old Pale
XO means
Extra Old
From top to bottom what are the regions of France
Calvados
Cognac
Armagnac
What is the best area for grapes to make cognac
Grande Champagne
What are the other two subregions important for Cognac
Petite Champagne
Borderies
In order to use Grande Champagne, Petite Champagne and Borderies on a label,
100% of the grapes must come from that region
If a Cognac is a blend of spirits from Grand Champagne and Petite Champagne it can be labeled as
Fine Champange but must have 50% from Grande
Armagnac is usually produced by
smaller companies
What does Chateau on a label mean
a small individual producer
What is vontage armagnac
the grapes were harvested in that year
What are the two subregions of Armagnac
Bas
Tenareze
What is Blanche Armanac
Has not been matured in oak
What is Folle Blanche
grape variety used in armanac with fruity aromas
Blanche Armagnac is aged
3 months in stainless steel
VS Armagnac is
Very special 1 year
VSOP Armagnac is
Very special old pale 4 years
XO Armagnac is
Extra Old 6 years
Hors d’Age/Vintage Armanac is
10 years
Grappa is
pomace spirit from Italy
Grappa is made from
Muscat grapes
What will always be on the label of Grappa
the word grappa
Many of the best brandy producers will mature their newly made spirits
in new oak for 1 year and then transfer to a old barrel
Why are two barrels used for brady?
To ensure that oak doesn’t overpower the fruit and floral notes
Pomace brandies and fruit brandies (besides apple)
are not oak matured but rested in inert vessels
Cognac grapes must be grown
north of Bordeaux in southwest France
What grape is used to make most cognacs
Ugni Blanc
Brandies made from Ugni Blanc have a signature aroma of
raisins and violets
When are Cognac grapes picked
Autumn
Cognac must be distilled by
the end of March
How is Cognac distilled
double distilled in copper pot stills
How are Cognac stills heated
directly by flames
What type of condenser is used with cognac
worm tub
Cognacs must be matured in
oak for a minimum of two years
The vast majority of Cognacs are
blends
Fine Cognacs aged in demijohns are used to
to add complexity to the most prestigious blends
When preparing for bottling most cognacs are
slightly sweetened
Armanac must come from a region
south of Bordeaux
What grapes are used for Armagnac
Ugni Blanc
Baco
Folle Blanche
Baco grapes
give an aroma of prunes
Folle Blanche grapes give an aroma of
flowers
What type of still is most common with Armagnac
Short Column stills
Calvados must be made in
Normandy, very north of France
Calvados is made from
apples and pears
What type of still is used in Calvados
pot and short column
How is Calvados matured
in large oak vessels
How is Grappa matured?
inert vessels for a year or more
What is Pisco
Grape brandy made in Peru and Chile
How is Pisco distilled
pot stills
What grape is used for Pisco
Muscat
In Peru, a legal requirement of Pisco is
that it is unaged
Spirits made from plums, cherries, strawberries and raspberries come from
Central Europe