WS Finals Flashcards
Who is Archduke Francis Ferdinand
the royal prince of Hungary, once assassinated it caused Austria-Hungary’s declaration of war against Serbia.
Kaiser William II
Woodrow Wilson
the president of USA, he was representative of USA for the treaty of Versailles
Belligerent
an individual, group, or nation that is actively engaged in a war or conflict.
Combatants
a person or nation engaged in fighting during a war.
Non-combatant
a person who is not engaged in fighting during a war, especially a civilian, chaplain, or medical practitioner.
The Treaty of Versailles
a peace treaty signed on 28 June 1919. As the most important treaty of World War I, it ended the state of war between Germany and most of the Allied Powers.
The “Black Hand”
a lawless secret society engaged in criminal activities (such as terrorism or extortion)
The Alliance System
an agreement between two or more countries to support each other during war
No man’s land
grounds that are not owned by anyone causing fear of the unknown becoming a dumping ground.
Mobilization (to mobilize)
The act of assembling and readying military troops and supplies for war.
Proportionality
military actions should avoid causing excessive harm to civilians and property compared to the goals of those actions.
Just War Principles
Laws for fighting to keep it fair and safe for non-combates.
Propaganda
information, especially biased or misleading, used by governments and organizations to influence public opinion mostly about the war effects.
Self-determination
a nation—a group of people with similar political ambitions—can seek to create its own independent government or state.
Ultimatum
a final demand or statement of terms issued by one country to another, where rejection or failure to comply would lead to severe consequences, often including war. Austria-Hungary issued an ultimatum to Serbia which then led to the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand.
Reparations
a tax on a defeated country forcing it to pay some of the war costs of the winning countries
Trench warfare
Dips that were large to keep weapons, sleep and hide. They lived here.
Machine Guns
Entirely automatic and was capable of producing an output of up to 600 rounds per minute.
JWP 1
The parties can not just jump to war, they must try ALL non-violent options before starting to war.
JWP 2
A just war can only be started if approved by the state. No matter what party it is.
JWP 3
A war can only be fought to change a wrong that is causing sufferment, for the right cause that will change the country for the better.
JWP 4
A war can be fair if with a chance of success for all parties, many deaths and injuries are not the right thing to do.
JWP 5
The peace achieved after the war needs to be an improvement from the peace before the war.
JWP 6
Parties are not allowed to use force that’s not necessary to achieve the objective. No mass destruction weapons.
JWP 7
No citizen should be harmed or targeted, every party must put in effort to avoid this. The kill of a citizen is fair if they were part of the attacking party.
Short term causes of WW1:
The Tangier Crisis
France wanted to take control over Morocco but Britain still was forced to as they were allies. Germany took advantage of this and created tension between Britain and France. Things like these repeatedly happen in Europe. Alliances have both advantages and disadvantages.
Causes of WW1: Militarism
As everyone prepared for war they competed for strong armies. This meant military needs were put before citizens.
Cause of WW1: Nationalism
Everyone believed their country was better, especially their military. This caused civilians wanting to prove to others they were better, causing conflicts.
The affect of Rifles
They killed instantly as far as 550 meters
The affect of Poison Gas (Mustard Gas)
Sprayed and spread for miles killing many civilians by accident or not, If it was inhaled you would’ve experienced chemical burn, irritation to the lung tissue and/or choking to death.
The affect of Tanks
They took soldiers places to places, they could break through all the barbed wire. Their strategy was to bring many weapons in it to attack closer to the enemy.
France big aims on the treaty
- Georges Clemenceau
Germany to pay for all the damage, Return the land taken from france, No military for germany
Britain big aims on the treaty
- David Lloyd George
For Germany to pay but still be strong to trade, Land for Britain’s empire, safeguard the navy
USA big aims on the treaty
- Woodrow Wilson
League of nations
Prevent another war
Outcomes of treaty Territorial
- France got territory back
- Britain and france got germany’s colonies
- Corridor of land to poland
- Forbidden to join forces with austria
Outcomes of treaty Military
- Max 100,000 Soldiers
- No airforce
- No submarines
- 6 battleships only
Outcomes of treaty Economic
- Pay reparations
- 132 billion gold marks
- Full financial responsibility
Definition of War
To solve a disagreement between two groups with arms and violence. Reasons: Alliances, political, economic, religion, natural resources.
Violation
To not break/follow a law
Adhere
To follow the rule
War Crimes
To not follow war rules
Distinction
A difference or conflict between similar things/people
Discrimination
Treat some people differently due to their differences.
Legitimate authority
Where a leader is assigned to decide rules and laws and others must follow it.
Collateral damage
Any injury or death to a civilian due to an activity (war).
Genocide
to deliberate killing of a large number of people from a particular nation
Crimes Against Humanity
Acts that attacks civilians, acts such as torture, rape, murder.
Human Shield
a non-combatant who either volunteers or is forced to shield a person from the military in order to prevent the enemy from attacking it.
Perfidy
Untrustworthiness, backstabbing
False Flag
a political or military action that is made to appear to be done by a group that isn’t actually responsible for it.
Collective punishment
A punishment on a group made by a member of that group.
Blank Cheque
a verbal commitment from Germany’s highest political echelons
“Going over the top”
used to describe someone making an effort that is excessive or more than is required to accomplish a task
Bayonet
weapon designed to fit on the end of the muzzle of a rifle
Arbitration
when a third party makes a decision on a disagreement to resolve it
Armistice
an agreement made by opposing sides in a war to stop fighting for a certain time; a truce.
The Treaty of Versailles
A peace treaty signed by Germany and the Allied Nations on June 28, 1919, formally ending World War One.
