WS: DISEASES

Question 1

what is the common name for coxsackievirus?

Answer 1

hand foot mouth disease

Question 2

(coxsackievirus)
where are skin rashes commonly located

Answer 2

palms of hands
soles of feet
in & around oral cavity

Question 3

(coxsackievirus)
how can dental hygienists detect HFMD?

Answer 3

swollen cervical lymph nodes
observe flat or slightly raised red spots around the cheeks and mouth of the patient

Question 4

what conditions does varicella zoster virus cause?

Answer 4

chicken pox
shingles

Question 5

what phase is varicella zoster virus most contagious?

Answer 5

during the acute eruptive phase, 1-2 days before recognizing the disease

Question 6

what is the shape of myobacterium tuberculosis

Answer 6

bacilli-rod shaped

Question 7

describe the tuberculin skin test and identify what hypersensitivity reaction it is

Answer 7

type IV hypersensitivity reaction

in the skin test, the POSITIVE result appears as RED & SWOLLEN

negative result shows no reaction

Question 8

what is oral candidiasis (key facts, esp regarding what type of infection it is)

Answer 8

most common oral fungal infection
opportunistic pathogen

Question 9

what kind of immune response occurs in oral thrush?

Answer 9

first line of defense are the epithelial cells of the oral mucosa

innate immune response uses PAMPs to identify specific polysaccharides on cell wall, starts phagocytosis and cytokine production

primary adaptive response is TH17

Question 10

describe the optimal environment for candida in terms of dentures

Answer 10

low oxygen/anaerobic environment
low pH

Question 11

what are the common signs, symptoms and oral manifestation of the Herpes Simplex Virus

Answer 11

signs:
- cold sores
- fever blisters
- mucocutaneous vesicular lesions

symptoms:
- malaise
- anorexia
- fever
- enlarged lymph nodes
- localized pain
- tenderness
- burning (24 hrs)
- tingling (24 hrs)

oral manifestations:
- gingivostomatitis
- herpetic stomatitis
- herpetic labialis
- esophagitis

Question 12

(HSV)
describe when it is safe to treat a patient. describe when it is not safe to treat a patient and what to do.

Answer 12

when a lesion forms a “crust” it is considered NON-INFECTIOUS

it is NOT SAFE to treat a patient where there are oral and perioral herpetic active lesions present
– avoid touching the area
– postpone procedure until a lesion forms a crust

Question 13

what kind of cancers does human papilloma virus cause

Answer 13

oropharyngeal cancer
cervical cancer

Question 14

what kind of life cycle does human papilloma virus go through

Answer 14

lysogenic cycle

Question 15

(lyme disease)
describe the ways to manage the symptoms while the patient is in the dental chair

Answer 15

TMJ pain:
- use of bite block
- brief appointment times
- regular breaks for rest

prophylaxis:
- invasive procedures
- untreated lyme

Question 16

how is lyme disease spread?

Answer 16

vector = tick!

Question 17

what does epstein barr virus cause?

Answer 17

infectious mononucleosis (“mono”)

can also cause nervous system conditions and has been linked to several other illnesses (lymphomas, rheumatoid arthritis, and myocarditis)

Question 18

how is the epstein barr virus spread

Answer 18

highly contagious

spreads through saliva and other bodily fluids

can still be spread indirectly (through shared utensils)

Question 19

what are signs, symptoms, and oral manifestations associated with mono (EBV)?

Answer 19

majority of the time asymptomatic

signs/symptoms:
- rash
- liver dysfunction
- inflammation in the oral cavity
- swollen lymph nodes
- fatigue
- fever
- malaise
- sore throat

oral manifestations:
- xerostomia
- acute tonsilitis
- pharyngitis
- oral candidiasis
- oral hairy leukoplakia
- gingivitis/periodontitis
- oral lymphomas

MOST COMMON ORAL MANIFESTATION:
!! oral hairy leukoplakia !!

Question 20

identify the levels needed to treat patients with human immunodeficiency virus in the VCU clinic

Answer 20

CD4 count should be ABOVE 200

viral load should be less than 50 copies per milliliter to be considered undetectable

Question 21

what are some HIV patients called if they participate in a certain program?

Answer 21

ryan white program patients

Question 22

what are the earliest indicators of HIV/AIDS

Answer 22

HIV viral load in blood

low CD4 cell count

oral candidiasis, hairy leukoplakia, kaposi’s sarcoma, swollen lymph nodes, fever, flu like symptoms, fatigue

Question 23

how is the hepatitis C virus transmitted

Answer 23

vertically or horizontally
(vertically = mother to child)
(horizontally = blood to blood contact)

intravenous drug users

Question 24

what are the oral manifestations associated with hepatitis C

Answer 24

oral lichen planus
periodontal disease
xerostomia