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OB > WS #1, WS #2 > Flashcards

WS #1, WS #2 Flashcards

1
Q

Stereotypes

A

Generalizations about a group of people

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2
Q

Social Categorization

A

Classifying people based on similarities

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3
Q

Learn about stereotypes from

A
  1. trusted others
  2. media
  3. Limited exposure
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4
Q

Prejudice

A

(usually) negative attitude towards group of people

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5
Q

Why do stereotypes turn to prejudice? theories

A

Social Identity Theory (Tajfel)

Realistic conflict theory (Robbers cave)

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6
Q

In-group bias

A

positive feeling about in group

negative feeling about out group

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7
Q

Two step model

A

Automatic

Controlled

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8
Q

When do we automate

A

Lack time or energy

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9
Q

Factors that bias perception

A

Attention
Illusory correlations
Confirmation bias

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10
Q

How to revise beliefs

A
  1. Bookkeeping method
  2. Conversion model
  3. Sub-typing model
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11
Q

Six conditions for contact to reduce prejudice

A
  1. Mutual interdependence
  2. Common goal
  3. Equal status of members
  4. Informal interpersonal contact
  5. Multiple members of out-group
  6. Social norms
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12
Q

Discrimination

A

Unjustified negative action towards member of a group

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13
Q

Institutionalized prejudice and discrimination

A

norm, due to normative conformity

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14
Q

Ultimate attribution bias

A

Dispositional attributes about whole group

Situational when disconfirm stereotype

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15
Q

Reason for failure of logic

A
  1. Emotional aspect

2. Schemas

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16
Q

Blaming victim

A

Dispositional attributes, just world

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17
Q

Self-fulfilling prophesy

A

Belief = behavior

18
Q

Scapegoating

A

Powerless disliked groups blamed

19
Q

Modern racism

A

Prejudice is subtle

20
Q

Hostile sexism

A

Men > Women

21
Q

Benevolent sexism

A

Idealize women

22
Q

Jigsaw classroom

A

inter-dependence

23
Q

Factors needed for stereotype threat

A
  1. Negative stereotype exists
  2. Stereotype relevant
  3. Difficult enough
  4. Important for self-worth
  5. Stereotypes widely known
24
Q

Eliminating negative effects of stereotype

A
  1. Prevent situation
  2. Focus on similarities not differences
  3. Avoid categorical labels
  4. Successful role models.
25
Q

Reducing prejudice by education

A

Doesn’t work

26
Q

Diversity

A

Differences between individuals

Surface level Deep level

27
Q

Two diversity typeologies

A

Demographic, Functional

28
Q

Needed with diversity

A

Inclusion

29
Q

Why Diversity?!

A
  1. Understand market place
  2. Utilization of talent
  3. Creativity
30
Q

Blaus index

A

Mathematical measurement of diversity

31
Q

Social categorization perspective Information/decision-making perspective

A

Favors in group, Diversity = rich info

32
Q

Social categorization

A

Grouping of people

33
Q

Intergroup bias

A

Favorable perception of in-group, due to identity threat

34
Q

When does diversity lead to social categorization?!

A

Salience of…

  1. Comparative fit (reflects)
  2. Normative fit (meaningful)
  3. Cognitive fit (readiness)
35
Q

When does diversity bring information-elaboration?

A

Individual factors..

  1. Individual motivation
  2. Individual ability
  3. Individual Diversity mind-set
36
Q

Elaboration

A

Supports diversity by exchange perspectives,

37
Q

Ways a leader strengthens diverse team

A
  1. Celebrate common
  2. Reward different
  3. Be clear on roles
  4. Clear vision
  5. Don’t tolerate discrimination
  6. Quick wins
  7. Be leader
  8. Patience
  9. Volunteer
  10. Old rules
38
Q

Fault lines

A

Potential divisions within group, Surfarce Deeper

39
Q

Consequences of fault lines

A
  1. Identify sub-group over team goals
  2. Competition, distrust
  3. Less communication between subgroups
40
Q

Fault-lines lead to

A

inter group bias, less info sharing

41
Q

methods of Overcoming faultlines

A 
Leadership - 
1. Awareness in team creation
2. Shared goals
3. Time
Supportive systems
1. HR training and policies
42
Q

CEM categorization

A

Why diversity yields inconsistent findings - Moderators + social cat. and information/decision making work together

OB (2 decks)

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