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Medical Microbiology > Written Lab Final Vocab Words > Flashcards

Written Lab Final Vocab Words Flashcards

1
Q

agar

A

carbohydrate derived from seaweed used to solidify a liquid medium

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2
Q

colony

A

visible population of microorganisms

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3
Q

inoculate

A

transfer organisms to a medium to initiate growth

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4
Q

media

A

substances used to support the growth of microorganisms

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5
Q

normal biota

A

organisms usually found associated with body

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6
Q

pathogen

A

organisms capable of causing diseas

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7
Q

sterile

A

free of viable microorganisms and viruses

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8
Q

ubiquity

A

existence of something everywhere at the same time

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9
Q

aseptic

A

free of contamination

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10
Q

incubate

A

storage of cultures under conditions suitable for growth

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11
Q

pure culture

A

population of cells resulting from growth of a single cell

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12
Q

streak plate

A

technique for isolating pure cultures by spreading organisms on an agar plate

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13
Q

compound microscope

A

microscope with more than one lens system

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14
Q

iris diaphragm

A

regulates the amount of light illuminating the specimen

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15
Q

immersion oil

A

minimize refraction of the light entering the lens

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16
Q

refraction

A

bending of light

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17
Q

capsule

A

gelatinous coating on the outside of the cell

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18
Q

differential stain

A

stains specific morphological structures

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19
Q

inclusion bodies

A

granules of storage material

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20
Q

negative stain

A

organisms appear clear against a dark background

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21
Q

parfocal

A

all objective lenses are in the same plane

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22
Q

simple stain

A

bacteria consisting of a single stain

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23
Q

smear

A

dried mix of bacteria and water/broth

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24
Q

counterstain

A

used to dye unstained cells a contrasting color

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25
mordant
substance that increases adherence of dye
26
peptidoglycan
macromolecule making up the cell wall of most bacteria
27
vegetative cell
cell that hasn't formed spores or other resting stages
28
peritrichous
surface of organism covered with flagella
29
polar
single flagellum at one or both ends of organism
30
polar tuft
tuft of flagella at one end of organism
31
glucose mineral agar
allows organisms that can make all their cellular components from glucose and inorganic salts
32
trypticase soy agar
allows organisms that require vitamins or other growth factors
33
chemically defined medium
synthetic medium composed of inorganic salts and carbon source such as glucose
34
complex medium
exact amounts of chemical compounds are unknown because it is made of extracts or enzymatic digests of meat, plants, yeast
35
differential medium
allows organisms to be distinguished from others by color appearance
36
enteric
associated with intestine
37
fastidious
organisms that require many complex nutritional supplements
38
glucose mineral medium
chemically defined medium containing glucose as the carbon source
39
growth factor
compound such as a vitamin or amino acid that is required by an organism for growth
40
rich medium
medium containing growth factors
41
selective medium
permit growth of certain bacteria but not others
42
microaerophilic
reduced amounts of oxygen
43
autoclave
moist heat sterilization (121 15 15)
44
irreversible denaturation
change in physical form of certain chemicals which when heated, permanently destroys them
45
optical density
measure of the amount of turbidity
46
turbidity
cloudiness
47
viable bacteria
capable of growing and dividing
48
pasteurization
moist heat at a temp high enough to kill pathogens
49
thermoduric
microbes able to survive pasteurization
50
thermophile
organisms able to survive growth temps 55+
51
tydallization
process of heating and incubation to kill spore forming bacteria
52
vegetative form
cells growing and dividing in typical fashion and not forming endospores
53
endospores
resting stage formed by some organisms that is resistant to heat, drying, chemicals and starvation
54
light repair
dna repair in cells previously exposed to UV
55
thymine
one of four nucleotide subunits of dna
56
visible spectrum
wavelengths of radiation between 400 and 800nm
57
thymine dimers
molecule formed by two adjacent thymine molecules in the same dna covalently bound
58
antimetabolite
substance that inhibits the utilization of a metabolite necessary for growth
59
coenzyme
heat stable, non protein compound that forms an active portion of an enzyme system after combination with an enzyme precursor
60
competitive inhibition
inhibition of enzyme activity by competition between inhibitor and substrate for active site
61
essential metabolic pathway
pathway of chemical transformations necessary for growth
62
essential metabolite
chemical necessary for growth
63
resistant
bacterium not killed by the chemical compound
64
competent
cells that are unable to take up DNA
65
DNase
enzyme that cuts DNA
66
lysate
solution that contains cell contents
67
naked DNA
DNA released from lysed cells
68
coagulase test
test which organisms are mixed with plasma on a slide
69
diptheroid
gram positive club shaped organism
70
alpha hemolysis
partial clearing of hemolysis surrounding colonies
71
beta hemolysis
sharply defined clear zone of hemolysis
72
catalase
enzyme found in most aerobic organisms that breaks down h2o2 to oxygen and water
73
enterococci
cocci found in the intestines
74
gamma hemolysis
no blood cells lysed -- appears red
75
nonenterococci
cocci found other places besides intestines
76
oxidase
tests for cytochrome c
77
coliform
gram negative rod found in the intestine that ferments lactose with the production of acid and gas
78
fermentation
energy yielding metabolic pathway in which organic compounds are both electron donors and acceptors
79
opportunist
organism that normally is non pathogenic but can cause disease under special conditions
80
indicator organism
nonpathogenic organism whose presence in water or sewage as a sign of possible pollution with pathogens

Medical Microbiology (10 decks)

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