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Medical Microbiology > Written Lab Final Vocab Words > Flashcards

Written Lab Final Vocab Words Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

agar

A

carbohydrate derived from seaweed used to solidify a liquid medium

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2
Q

colony

A

visible population of microorganisms

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3
Q

inoculate

A

transfer organisms to a medium to initiate growth

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4
Q

media

A

substances used to support the growth of microorganisms

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5
Q

normal biota

A

organisms usually found associated with body

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6
Q

pathogen

A

organisms capable of causing diseas

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7
Q

sterile

A

free of viable microorganisms and viruses

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8
Q

ubiquity

A

existence of something everywhere at the same time

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9
Q

aseptic

A

free of contamination

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10
Q

incubate

A

storage of cultures under conditions suitable for growth

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11
Q

pure culture

A

population of cells resulting from growth of a single cell

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12
Q

streak plate

A

technique for isolating pure cultures by spreading organisms on an agar plate

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13
Q

compound microscope

A

microscope with more than one lens system

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14
Q

iris diaphragm

A

regulates the amount of light illuminating the specimen

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15
Q

immersion oil

A

minimize refraction of the light entering the lens

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16
Q

refraction

A

bending of light

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17
Q

capsule

A

gelatinous coating on the outside of the cell

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18
Q

differential stain

A

stains specific morphological structures

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19
Q

inclusion bodies

A

granules of storage material

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20
Q

negative stain

A

organisms appear clear against a dark background

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21
Q

parfocal

A

all objective lenses are in the same plane

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22
Q

simple stain

A

bacteria consisting of a single stain

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23
Q

smear

A

dried mix of bacteria and water/broth

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24
Q

counterstain

A

used to dye unstained cells a contrasting color

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25
Q

mordant

A

substance that increases adherence of dye

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26
Q

peptidoglycan

A

macromolecule making up the cell wall of most bacteria

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27
Q

vegetative cell

A

cell that hasn’t formed spores or other resting stages

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28
Q

peritrichous

A

surface of organism covered with flagella

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29
Q

polar

A

single flagellum at one or both ends of organism

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30
Q

polar tuft

A

tuft of flagella at one end of organism

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31
Q

glucose mineral agar

A

allows organisms that can make all their cellular components from glucose and inorganic salts

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32
Q

trypticase soy agar

A

allows organisms that require vitamins or other growth factors

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33
Q

chemically defined medium

A

synthetic medium composed of inorganic salts and carbon source such as glucose

34
Q

complex medium

A

exact amounts of chemical compounds are unknown because it is made of extracts or enzymatic digests of meat, plants, yeast

35
Q

differential medium

A

allows organisms to be distinguished from others by color appearance

36
Q

enteric

A

associated with intestine

37
Q

fastidious

A

organisms that require many complex nutritional supplements

38
Q

glucose mineral medium

A

chemically defined medium containing glucose as the carbon source

39
Q

growth factor

A

compound such as a vitamin or amino acid that is required by an organism for growth

40
Q

rich medium

A

medium containing growth factors

41
Q

selective medium

A

permit growth of certain bacteria but not others

42
Q

microaerophilic

A

reduced amounts of oxygen

43
Q

autoclave

A

moist heat sterilization (121 15 15)

44
Q

irreversible denaturation

A

change in physical form of certain chemicals which when heated, permanently destroys them

45
Q

optical density

A

measure of the amount of turbidity

46
Q

turbidity

A

cloudiness

47
Q

viable bacteria

A

capable of growing and dividing

48
Q

pasteurization

A

moist heat at a temp high enough to kill pathogens

49
Q

thermoduric

A

microbes able to survive pasteurization

50
Q

thermophile

A

organisms able to survive growth temps 55+

51
Q

tydallization

A

process of heating and incubation to kill spore forming bacteria

52
Q

vegetative form

A

cells growing and dividing in typical fashion and not forming endospores

53
Q

endospores

A

resting stage formed by some organisms that is resistant to heat, drying, chemicals and starvation

54
Q

light repair

A

dna repair in cells previously exposed to UV

55
Q

thymine

A

one of four nucleotide subunits of dna

56
Q

visible spectrum

A

wavelengths of radiation between 400 and 800nm

57
Q

thymine dimers

A

molecule formed by two adjacent thymine molecules in the same dna covalently bound

58
Q

antimetabolite

A

substance that inhibits the utilization of a metabolite necessary for growth

59
Q

coenzyme

A

heat stable, non protein compound that forms an active portion of an enzyme system after combination with an enzyme precursor

60
Q

competitive inhibition

A

inhibition of enzyme activity by competition between inhibitor and substrate for active site

61
Q

essential metabolic pathway

A

pathway of chemical transformations necessary for growth

62
Q

essential metabolite

A

chemical necessary for growth

63
Q

resistant

A

bacterium not killed by the chemical compound

64
Q

competent

A

cells that are unable to take up DNA

65
Q

DNase

A

enzyme that cuts DNA

66
Q

lysate

A

solution that contains cell contents

67
Q

naked DNA

A

DNA released from lysed cells

68
Q

coagulase test

A

test which organisms are mixed with plasma on a slide

69
Q

diptheroid

A

gram positive club shaped organism

70
Q

alpha hemolysis

A

partial clearing of hemolysis surrounding colonies

71
Q

beta hemolysis

A

sharply defined clear zone of hemolysis

72
Q

catalase

A

enzyme found in most aerobic organisms that breaks down h2o2 to oxygen and water

73
Q

enterococci

A

cocci found in the intestines

74
Q

gamma hemolysis

A

no blood cells lysed – appears red

75
Q

nonenterococci

A

cocci found other places besides intestines

76
Q

oxidase

A

tests for cytochrome c

77
Q

coliform

A

gram negative rod found in the intestine that ferments lactose with the production of acid and gas

78
Q

fermentation

A

energy yielding metabolic pathway in which organic compounds are both electron donors and acceptors

79
Q

opportunist

A

organism that normally is non pathogenic but can cause disease under special conditions

80
Q

indicator organism

A

nonpathogenic organism whose presence in water or sewage as a sign of possible pollution with pathogens

Medical Microbiology (10 decks)

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