Written final Flashcards
Poisonous plants: Delphinium
Death occurs from respiratory paralysis and/or bloat
Has toxic window during flowering but can be eaten w/ low risk before or after
Sheep are less susceptible to larkspur bc of binding affinity
Poisonous plants: locoweeds (astragalus and Oxytropis)
Symptoms: loss of judgement, optic nerve damage
toxicity caused by fungal endophyte
causes addiction, swollen brisket, deformation of offspring
Poisonous plants: poison and water hemlock
Symptoms: dead animals, Cleft palate in pigs
Hydrocephalus in calves
poisonous plants: death camas
cardiovascular toxin
sheep most often poisoned
Hepatotoxic plants: houndstongue and ragwort
Symptoms: Distended gall bladder
Internal hemoraging
contaminates feed
Poisonous plants: Lupine
Teratogenic toxicity
Causes crooked calf disease
Poisonous plants: veratrum californicum (false hellebore or cow cabbage)
cyclopsis in sheep / monkey faced lamb disease
also can cause extended pregnancy
ponderosa pine
3rd trimester abortion in cattle
cattle retain placenta
nitrate poisoning
can be caused by: pigweed, lambsquarter, sunflower, Russian thistle, bindweed
symptoms: rapid heart rate, vomiting
selenium accumulators
Caused by: Descurainia astragalus
Symptoms: fractured hooves, high temp, diarrhea
photodynamic compounds
become toxic depending on light received genera: Descurainia Hypericum Tetradymia Eriogonum
symptoms:
swollen head
cracking and peeling hide
loss of udder due to secondary infections
tanic acid poisoning
Loss of appetite
Rough hair or coat
Dry nose
caused by: acorns, other tannin containing plants
oxalic acid poisoning
caused by: halogeton, greasewood
oxolate crystals form in kidney tubes
Symptoms: caulic, depression,
eminent death within 10 hours
Yellow star thistle and Russian knapweed
face tremors
horses most susceptible
hydrocyanic acid
chokecherry
becomes toxic after freezing, mechanical stress
causes respiratory paralysis
broom snakeweed
brown-red urine, painful urination, arched back, nasal discharge
define lenticular and trigonous
pertaining to sedge morphology:
Two stigmas = lenticular
Three stigmas = trigonous
define androgenous vs. gynecandrous in relation to sedge morphology
Terminal spike male = androgenous
Terminal spike female = gynecandrous
Name the plant regions in order of elevation from lowest to highest
Salt desert –> sagebrush grass steppe –> pinyon juniper –> mountain shrubland –> montane zone (aspen, conifer) –> alpine zone (conifer) –> alpine tundra
Name three evolutionary advantages a plant may receive from being toxic
- Being extremely toxic (killing or making the herbivore sick)
- Being unpalatable
- Aversive conditioning
Describe the mountain shrubland zone
Small, discontinuous zone.
Highly diverse with very palatable grasses, forbs and shrubs
Found between coniferous forest and grassland or sagebrush
Rich understory
Climate:
describe the prairie zone
warm summers, very cold winters
lots of precip in the growing season, deep, fertile soils
describe the southern forest zone
mild winters and hot, humid summers
streams, marshes, lakes, and swamps are numerous, very rich diversity
in both plant and animal life
shortgrass prairie description
cold, dry winters and hot summers
semi-arid, lies in rain shadow of the rockies
dominated by blue grama and buffalograss
rain concentrated in peak seasons; hailstorms, winds are common
define Krumholtz
its the stunted, shrubby looking trees that grow above the alpine line
describe the montane forest zone
warm summers, severe winters
most precipitation comes in the winter in the form of snow
sharp vegetation boundaries
describe the Pinyon-juniper zone
cold winters, hot summers with cold nights
dominated by conifers
gets more summer precip than sagebrush grassland
Sagebrush grassland
hot, rainless summers
moderately cool, foggy winters
salt/cold desert shrubland
Warm
summer, cold winter, 6-9 inches precipitation, little snow;
low growing, high protein shrubs
Southern desert shrubland
Precipitation is usually in high-intensity rainfall events in the
summer. This is not very effective for plant growth. Winters are short, mild
and may have some freezing weather.
