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MUH 1 > Written Final > Flashcards

Written Final Flashcards

1
Q

Age of Enlightenment

A 
1720-90
Era of critical thinking, reason used as a pursuit of self-fulfillment 
Sapere aude! ("Dare to know!") 
French and American revolutions
Voltaire, Rousseau, Thomas Jefferson
Emphasis on human rights and the pursuit of happiness
Challenged divine rule 
Industrial Revolution
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2
Q

The Classical Era

A

Coined in mid 19th century
Viewed as “golden age” by romantics
greek/roman aesthetic values
balance, proportion, clarity, nature
parallel with architecture and sculpture
avoids excessive ornamentation and decoration

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3
Q

Dichotomies between art and nature

A

1730s classicism departure from baroque aesthetic
shift to natural representation of passion
Genius- technique
Inspiration- Craft
Unconsciousness- Consciousness
Divine- human
the idea is not an end itself

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4
Q

Obbligato accompaniment

A

Element of classical style
Secondary voices contribute material essential to a works music fabric
Provide original motivic material

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5
Q

Rondo Form

A

Structure derived from dance music in which the basic pattern in its simplest form is ABACA
features recurring theme A
refrain contrasting theme B,C
constitutes couplets

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6
Q

Sonata Rondo

A

type of rondo ABACABA
B theme corresponds with secondary key area of sonata form
repeated in the tonic key in form of sonata recapitulation

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7
Q

Harmonic Rhythm

A

the rate of harmonic change within an individual phrase or series of phrases
Classical harmonic rhythm less frequent than baroque

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8
Q

Periodic Phrase Structure

A

consist of many modular units of equal length

derives from basic function of dance music

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9
Q

Sonata Form (and all its parts)

A

Structural convention feats
exposition, development and recapitulation
Structural relationship between tonic and dominant key
as well as their relative minor keys
modulation from primary to secondary theme in exposition
departure from harmonic areas in development
return of opening idea and primary theme in recap
no two renderings alike

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10
Q

Development of Sonata Form

A

most important innovation of the classical era
type of piece and form
applies to organizational independent movements in sonatas, symphony and chamber music
Expansion of binary form with mod in first reprise

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11
Q

Alberti Bass

A

Classical era accompaniment figure
repetitions of broken triad
named after Domenico Alberti
J.C Bach: Sonata in D Major

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12
Q

Fantasia

A

Work that follows no structures of large scale conventions
Gives impression of composer’s free flight of fantasy
Sounds improvised
Bach: Fantasia in C minor

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13
Q

Ritornello

A

“Brief return”
musical idea that returns at several points over the course of a work
after contrasting material of some kind
Ritornello principle important in concerto

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14
Q

Empfindsamkeit

A

An expressive style that refers to keen awareness and the experience of empathy for others
Bach: Fantasia in C minor

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15
Q

CPE Bach

A

Son of JS Bach
Fantasia in C Minor
wrote as reaction to rationalism of enlightenment

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16
Q

JC Bach

A

Son of JS Bach

Sonata in D Major

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17
Q

Georg Matthias Monn

A

Symphony in B Major

shows both classical and baroque tendencies

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18
Q

Johann Stamitz

A

Symphony in D Major
new stylistic elements
sonata form and ritornello

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19
Q

Immanuel Kant

A

Deemed instrumental music “more pleasure than culture”
Enlightenment composer
sapere aude!

20
Q

Haupsatz

A

“Topic Sentence”
Became a key concept and how material related to it
period within a music work that incorporates the expression of the whole essence of the melody
theme

21
Q

Minuet/ Minuet Proper

A

dance form that became common feature in instrumental cycles of baroque and classical eras
binary forms
minuet proper: opening and closing section within an ABA

22
Q

Trio

A

The contrasting middle section in a minuet or scherzo within a basic ABA form

23
Q

Sturm und Drang

A

Storm and Stress
Prominent use of minor mode, large melodic leaps, jagged syncopations
Haydn: Piano Sonata in C Minor

24
Q

String Quartet

A 
New to classical era 
no basso continuio 
domestic genre for chamber performance 
3-5 movements, 4 emerged as standard 
Haydn initiated genre 
Haydn String Quartet in C Major
25
Q

Symphony/ Order of movements

A

emerged c. 1720s
3-mov works (fast-slow-fast)
began to appear as independent of any opera or oratorio for which they were written
Concert symphony intensely cultivated in classical
quality orchestras varied, size grew in 2nd half
composers scored w/ more varied instruments
4 mov standard by 1768
descended from Italian overture
1- Weightiest section, sets tone, sonata from, slow intro
2- slow, variety of forms, sonata, ABA
3- Minuet, dance inspired
4- Usually lighter, sonata, rondo, sonata rondo
Haydn Symphony in E flat Major

26
Q

Italian Overture

A

Scored overture to opera

antecedents of symphony

27
Q

Franz Josef Haydn

A

Child prodigy, sent to Vienna
Sang @ St. Stephens Cathedral, removed after voice break
Became musical director for morzin fammily in 17 58
appointed at Esterhazy
Directed one of the finest orchestras in europe
fame throughout Europe, name forged for marketing
106 symphonies
father of the string quartet
provided beethoven first lessons in counterpoint

28
Q

Concerto Form/ Double Exposition

A

principal genre for instrumental virtuosos
ideals of spontaneity and improvisation
cadenzas in every movement
first movement variant of sonata form
double exposition- presents two expositions

29
Q

Opera Buffa

A 
Comedic Opera 
emerged out of italy 
humorous subjects
liberttos about everyday characters not heros 
more emphasis on ensemble singing 
simple periodic phrase structure 
origins in intermezzo
30
Q

Opera Seria

A

Serious Opera

31
Q

Intermezzo

A

works intended for performance between acts of larger, more serious operas

32
Q

War of the Buffoons

A

buffa provoked controversy, especially in france
Heighted by La Serva Pardona
French vs Italian culture
Partisans of King Louis XV vs Queen Marie

33
Q

Gluck

A

Reformist and composer of operia seria

Alceste

34
Q

Gluck’s reforms to opera seria

A

Make seria more natrual and dramatically coherent
No da capo arias, no improv, no long melismas
syllabic setting of the text
less repitition within aria, less recitative, accompanied NOT secco
overture linked to ensuing action, simple melodic lines, prominence of chorus

35
Q

Singspiele

A

Singing Play

German language spoken drama with interpolated musical numbers

36
Q

Mozart

A

Child prodigy, exploited by father across Europe
Opera growing achievement in career
transcended boundaries of buffa, seria, and singspiele
synthesized styles in late operas
don giovanni, die zauberflote, figaro, etc

37
Q

Lorenzo da Ponte

A

Librettist- collab with Mozart

Figaro, don giovanni, cosi fan tutte

38
Q

Dramma Giocoso

A

combination of buffa and seria opera

comic drama

39
Q

Secco Recitative

A

dry recitative

accompanied solely by basso continuo

40
Q

Differences between Baroque and Classical Period

A 
Sonata form 
Gluck's reforms to opera 
emergence of string quartet 
emergency of symphony 
buffa opera
41
Q

What distinguishes Sonata form?

A

expanded binary form that always modulates in first reprise and involves multiple themes
exposed thematic ideas in exposition
built off the relationship of tonic and secondary dominant key areas
followed by transitional modulation to secondary key area
may or may not feature coda
expo, dev, recap
dev key center usually unstable

42
Q

How does double exposition form work in a concerto? What are the key areas and how do concertos integrate sonata form?

A

first movement employs a variant of sonata form
two expositions, first played twice
, first by the orchestra alone, and the second time by the soloist accompanied by the orchestra. … A double exposition sonata form used in a concerto
Keys vary between tonic and dominant and relative minor keys

43
Q

Identify different types of Opera Mozart composed

A

Buffa, Seria, transcended boundaries of buffa, seria, and singspiele
Die Zauberflote- written for commoners

44
Q

Identify different genres in which Haydn composed

A

106 symphonies
pioneered the string quartet
piano sonata

45
Q

Discuss the differences between opera seria and buffa

A

Serious vs Comedic
buffa: liberttos about everyday characters not heros
more emphasis on ensemble singing
simple periodic phrase structure

MUH 1 (4 decks)

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