Study Guide 7-10 Flashcards
The Baroque Period
1600-1750, Age of Absolutism, Irregularly shaped Pearl
Monarch’s laid claim to authority over dominions
Ability to fund the arts grows
Patronage system expands
Flourishing of Opera and demand for new music
Affect
The Predominant emotion of the text
should be heightened by expressive devices
The Florentine Camerata
1573-87
Meeting of poets, musicians and noblemen to the house of Bardi.
Discussion of ways to recreate4 Greek drama style
Meetings informal and poorly notated
Included Caccini (DFTO)
Homophonic
Subordinate voice(s) support a single prominent melodic line- opposed continuo homophony
The Seconda Prattica
Movement to create musical rhythms based on models of speech rhythms
Voice at times flowing, halting, points of punctuation, cadence and varying strength
Basso continuo (like figured bass) provides harmonic framework
Chordal instruments used
Bass reinforced with lower instruments
Works placed solo line above instrumental
Basso Continuo
“continuous bass”
Provides harmonic framework to music
Figured bass
single bass line, provides direction for chord filling
Figured Bass
Bass line laying out harmonic progressions
Opera
Greatest contribution of the Baroque
composers believe it was Greek intention
Monody emerges in 1630s- combination or solo voice with basso continuio
text in style that was measured and free, rhythmically fluid
Lies between song and speech
Sfogava con le steele- free embelishments, pickany 3rds
LOVE, SEX, GRIZZLY DEATH
Monody
A combination or solo voice with basso continuio
Concertato Madrigal
voices of any number combine with instruments, either basso continuo alone or basso
continuo and other instruments
Monteverdi
1567-1643
Prolific madrigal composer
Wrote first opera, Orfeo
Career in Gonzaga court and St. Marks in Venice
9 madrigal books (Basso Cont in 5th)
Sacred Music- Masses, hymns, vespers
Condemned by Artusi for Cruda Amarilli dissonance
Air de cour
“Courtly Air”
French attempt to recreate magic of ancient music set in French
Baif- “Music adapted to ancient measure” (Prosody)
First polyphonic, evolved to homophony
Lute tableture
Efin la beaute que jadore
Recitative
Permitted solo voice to declaim larger quantities of text in a rapid, comprehensible manner
Approximates inflections of spoken speech while indicating specific pitches and rhythms sung
Advances the story
Orfeo
1607, Monteverdi
Considered to be first recitative opera
Based on the Greek myth of Orpheus
Performed in home of the Gonzaga court
Schutz
German composer, never abounded prima prattica
Singet dem herren ein neus lied
Spent many years of career in Denmark and Italy
worked for elector of saxony
Lully
Italian Immigrant (1632-87)
Established comedie-ballet (sung french drama)
Created Tragedie en musique
Armide
Tragedie en musique
French operatic drama
- Contains Overture
- Allegorical prose that was flattering to king
- 5 acts divided into scenes
- Divertissements ( syomphonies between sets)
opera seria
Serious Opera
italian operatic genre
contains tragic content
most important type cultivated from 1670=1770
Developed and exclusively sung in Italian
Text balance of recitative and aria
Majority of arias de capo
da capo arias
Aria with repeats from B section to de capo
Different types of recitative
Simplice: Simple recitative
Secco: Dry
Accompagnato: tutti orchestra with singer
Opera in England- Masque, Semi, Ballad
Masques: Semi-improvised intrusions into large social festivitives by masked/costumed actors, resembles vignettes
Semi: Plays with large instrumental numbers (second half of 17th cent)
Ballad: Plays w/music portrayed common criminals instead of mythological heroes
Oratorio
Sacred counterpart to opera , presenting a dramatic scene from the lives of saints
No costumes or staging , performed during lent , specific use of recitative, de capo aria, and choruses
Cantata
to sing deonote small and large scale works works in the tradition of solo madrigals performed largely by one singer with basso cont non liturgical in nature
Bach
(1685-1750) born into family of musicians position at St. Thomas in Leipzig Wrote continually for church services wrote over 280 cantatas Passions, orchestral music, organ, keyboard music
Sonata and Sonata Types
“that which is sounded”
Indicates works for instrument(s)
da camera: Sonata of the chamber, series of danced related movements
da chisea: sonata of the church; slow first movement and one additional imitative
trio: sonata for two instruments of high range
Concerto and Concerto Types
“In concert”
Wide range of meanings in baroque era
Grosso: small group of soloists
concertino: own basso continuio against larger ensemble
solo: features single soloist with ripieno ensemble
ripieno: no solos, reflects persistence of genre, contrast plays little to no role
Vivaldi
(1678-1741) Most prolific of all concerto composers of his time 60 ripieno concertos 350 solo concertos 45 double concertos most works for violin
Keyboard Genres
Free: No preexistent materials
Vocal based: based on chorale melodies
Dance: use of dance forms and binary forms
Variation: variation on theme from bass line
Toccata: to the touch, technical works
Canzona: to sing, vocal like piece
Fantasia: fantasy, sounds improvised
