Study Guide 7-10

Question 1

The Baroque Period

Answer 1

1600-1750, Age of Absolutism, Irregularly shaped Pearl
Monarch’s laid claim to authority over dominions
Ability to fund the arts grows
Patronage system expands
Flourishing of Opera and demand for new music

Question 2

Affect

Answer 2

The Predominant emotion of the text

should be heightened by expressive devices

Question 3

The Florentine Camerata

Answer 3

1573-87
Meeting of poets, musicians and noblemen to the house of Bardi.
Discussion of ways to recreate4 Greek drama style
Meetings informal and poorly notated
Included Caccini (DFTO)

Question 4

Homophonic

Answer 4

Subordinate voice(s) support a single prominent melodic line- opposed continuo homophony

Question 5

The Seconda Prattica

Answer 5

Movement to create musical rhythms based on models of speech rhythms
Voice at times flowing, halting, points of punctuation, cadence and varying strength
Basso continuo (like figured bass) provides harmonic framework
Chordal instruments used
Bass reinforced with lower instruments
Works placed solo line above instrumental

Question 6

Basso Continuo

Answer 6

“continuous bass”
Provides harmonic framework to music
Figured bass
single bass line, provides direction for chord filling

Question 7

Figured Bass

Answer 7

Bass line laying out harmonic progressions

Question 8

Opera

Answer 8

Greatest contribution of the Baroque
composers believe it was Greek intention
Monody emerges in 1630s- combination or solo voice with basso continuio
text in style that was measured and free, rhythmically fluid
Lies between song and speech
Sfogava con le steele- free embelishments, pickany 3rds
LOVE, SEX, GRIZZLY DEATH

Question 9

Monody

Answer 9

A combination or solo voice with basso continuio

Question 10

Concertato Madrigal

Answer 10

voices of any number combine with instruments, either basso continuo alone or basso
continuo and other instruments

Question 11

Monteverdi

Answer 11

1567-1643
Prolific madrigal composer
Wrote first opera, Orfeo
Career in Gonzaga court and St. Marks in Venice
9 madrigal books (Basso Cont in 5th)
Sacred Music- Masses, hymns, vespers
Condemned by Artusi for Cruda Amarilli dissonance

Question 12

Air de cour

Answer 12

“Courtly Air”
French attempt to recreate magic of ancient music set in French
Baif- “Music adapted to ancient measure” (Prosody)
First polyphonic, evolved to homophony
Lute tableture
Efin la beaute que jadore

Question 13

Recitative

Answer 13

Permitted solo voice to declaim larger quantities of text in a rapid, comprehensible manner
Approximates inflections of spoken speech while indicating specific pitches and rhythms sung
Advances the story

Question 14

Orfeo

Answer 14

1607, Monteverdi
Considered to be first recitative opera
Based on the Greek myth of Orpheus
Performed in home of the Gonzaga court

Question 15

Schutz

Answer 15

German composer, never abounded prima prattica
Singet dem herren ein neus lied
Spent many years of career in Denmark and Italy
worked for elector of saxony

Question 16

Lully

Answer 16

Italian Immigrant (1632-87)
Established comedie-ballet (sung french drama)
Created Tragedie en musique
Armide

Question 17

Tragedie en musique

Answer 17

French operatic drama

1. Contains Overture
2. Allegorical prose that was flattering to king
3. 5 acts divided into scenes
4. Divertissements ( syomphonies between sets)

Question 18

opera seria

Answer 18

Serious Opera
italian operatic genre
contains tragic content
most important type cultivated from 1670=1770
Developed and exclusively sung in Italian
Text balance of recitative and aria
Majority of arias de capo

Question 19

da capo arias

Answer 19

Aria with repeats from B section to de capo

Question 20

Different types of recitative

Answer 20

Simplice: Simple recitative
Secco: Dry
Accompagnato: tutti orchestra with singer

Question 21

Opera in England- Masque, Semi, Ballad

Answer 21

Masques: Semi-improvised intrusions into large social festivitives by masked/costumed actors, resembles vignettes

Semi: Plays with large instrumental numbers (second half of 17th cent)

Ballad: Plays w/music portrayed common criminals instead of mythological heroes

Question 22

Oratorio

Answer 22

Sacred counterpart to opera , presenting a dramatic scene from the lives of saints
No costumes or staging , performed during lent , specific use of recitative, de capo aria, and choruses

Question 23

Cantata

Answer 23

to sing 
deonote small and large scale works 
works in the tradition of solo madrigals
performed largely by one singer with basso cont
non liturgical in nature

Question 24

Bach

Answer 24

(1685-1750)
born into family of musicians
position at St. Thomas in Leipzig 
Wrote continually for church services
wrote over 280 cantatas
Passions, orchestral music, organ, keyboard music

Question 25

Sonata and Sonata Types

Answer 25

“that which is sounded”
Indicates works for instrument(s)

da camera: Sonata of the chamber, series of danced related movements

da chisea: sonata of the church; slow first movement and one additional imitative

trio: sonata for two instruments of high range

Question 26

Concerto and Concerto Types

Answer 26

“In concert”
Wide range of meanings in baroque era

Grosso: small group of soloists

concertino: own basso continuio against larger ensemble
solo: features single soloist with ripieno ensemble
ripieno: no solos, reflects persistence of genre, contrast plays little to no role

Question 27

Vivaldi

Answer 27

(1678-1741)
Most prolific of all concerto composers of his time
60 ripieno concertos
350 solo concertos
45 double concertos 
most works for violin

Question 28

Keyboard Genres

Answer 28

Free: No preexistent materials
Vocal based: based on chorale melodies
Dance: use of dance forms and binary forms
Variation: variation on theme from bass line
Toccata: to the touch, technical works
Canzona: to sing, vocal like piece
Fantasia: fantasy, sounds improvised