Written exam possible questions

Question 1

What should be done to prevent the spread of resitance?

Answer 1

1. Antibiotics for treatment and not for prevention
2. We must know the pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic properties of bacteriostatic, concentration- and time-dependent bactericidal agents
3. Perform antibiotic susceptibility tests regularly (“even if there is no time”) –> exc. life-threatening cases
4. Perform PK/PD analysis
5. CIA –> only use as last resort

Question 2

In which cases can we use Fluoroquinolones as first choice drugs?

Answer 2

Life threatening acute mastitis in cow

Life threatening prostatitis in dog

Question 3

Which drug initiated the One Health Concept and why?

Answer 3

Colistin
China 2011: swine industry, plasmid encoded resistance appeared (mcr-1)
2015: in humans!
This is the last antibiotic to use in case of human life-threatening pneumonia (Gr -: Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Acinetobacter baumani)

Question 4

Why is zinc-oxide banned?

Answer 4

Co-select MRSA –> altered PBP –> resistant to all beta-lactams
Toxic for the environment

Question 5

ESVAC

Answer 5

European Surveillance of Veterinary Antimicrobial Consumption

Question 6

Numerator

Answer 6

volume of antimicrobial ingredient in tonnes x 10 to the power of 9

Question 7

Denominator

Answer 7

animal production that could be potentially treated: number of animals slaughtered and number of animal livestock x estimated weight at treatment (PCU in kg)

Question 8

mg/PCU

Answer 8

mg of actice ingredients sold per population correction unit

Question 9

PCU (population corrected unit)

Answer 9

calculated by multiplying numbers of livestock animals and slaughtered animals by the theoretical weight at the most likely time for treatment (horses included)

Question 10

National measures in Hungary (Modified decree 128/2009 MARD, 11 August 2021)

Answer 10

-veterinary medicinal products containing antibiotics can be only be prescribed for food producing animals for maximum seven days, if the product is administered by the animals’ owner/keeper;
- the efficacy of any antibiotic treatment of food-producing animals should be checked by the responsible veterinarian by an on-site clinical examination; or food-producing animals, the prophylactic use of veterinary medicinal
products containing 3rd- and 4th-generation cephalosporins, fluoroquinolones and colistin is prohibited;
- large livestock farms: an antibiotic use reduction plan should be developed;
- for food-producing animals, veterinary medicinal products containing antibiotics may only be prescribed by veterinarians officially authorized to do so.

Question 11

Which drugs can be administered orally for ruminants?

Answer 11

Colistin–> calf diarrhoea: E.coli, Salmonella

Aminoglycosides –> Neo-,Genta-,Spectinomycin –> coli diarrhoea in calves

Question 12

Cardiotoxic drug

Answer 12

Tilmicosin
Can be given to sheep and cow, but not for goats
DOA: 1-5 days

Question 13

Macrolide which is not effective against Mycoplasma bovis

Answer 13

Tildipirosin