Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

topo anatomy > written exam > Flashcards

written exam Flashcards

1
Q

can you palpate the spermatic cord in the Equine rectum?

A

Yes, both of them

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Portion of the Eq kidney in the greater mesentery?

A

Left or right dorsal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

How does the Horse colon travel?

A

Right ventral - Sternal flexure - left ventral - Pelvic flexure - left dorsal - diaphragmatic flexure - right dorsal (ampulla coli)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Which kidney can be rectally palpated in the Eq?

A

caudal pole of Left kidney

(Right is fused with the head of the caecum)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

which ingual ring can you feel in Eq rectal examination?

A

Deep ingual ring

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What ligaments attach the patellar in horses?

A

Medial, intermediate and lateral patellar ligaments

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

which species has a patellar lymph node?

A

Eq it is the subiliac lymph node

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

which meniscus in the Eq is not attached to the femur?

A

Medial meniscus

(the lateral is attached by the meniscifemoral ligament)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

injection into the tarsal joint?

A

Eq 2 points:

  1. tibio-tarsal joint: dorsomedial aspect between the tibia and talus (feel softening between the bone.
  2. tarsal MT joint (more problematic) : either medial between Tc-T3 in a slight gapmedially or Lateral between T4 - splint bone, next to the widening of the splint bone
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

direction of the transverse colon in Eq?

A

Right - Left

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

describe the ascending colon in Eq?

A

horseshoe shaped

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

on which side in the Eq is the spleen?

A

Left dorsal (cranial)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

on which side in the Eq is the Ostium iliocaecale?

A

Right mid - ventral

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

which side in the Eq is the jejunum?

A

Left dorsal (caudal)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

on which side in the Eq is the flexure pelvina?

A

Left ventral colon - left dorsal colon (Left caudoventral)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

in the Eq does the femoro patellar joint capsule communicate with the lateral or medial femoro-tibial capsule

A

Medial femoro tibial capsule

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

How to treat “club hoof”?

A

Cut accessory ligament of deef digital flexure or superficial digital flexure (either ligaments may be too short)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

how to treat bone spavin?

A

transect cuteon tendon of tibialis cranialis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

innervation of the Eq head?

A

Eyes: N. abducens, N. trochlearis, N. occulomotorious, N. opticus and N. opthalmicus (V1)

muscles: N.trigeminalis (motor to mastacatory and sensory to skin) & N.facialis (mimeric), N.vagus & N. glossopharyngeal, and N. hypoglossus, & C1 + 2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

where can yopu find the head of the caecum in the Eq?

A

on the right side dorsally. the apex is at the sternum and the base is at the fossa paralumbalis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

eruption of Di 2 (decidous incisor 2) in Eq?

A

6 weeks (1-2 months)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

direction of the ileum in Eq?

A

From left to right

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

what is arthrotomy of fetlock joint?

A

Removal of apical sesamoid fracture

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

which sinus does not communicate with the maxillary sinus in Eq?

A

Frontal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Eq maxillary sinus rostralis et caudalis is separated by what?

A

septum maxillaris

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Eq caudal maxillary sinus communicates with what?

A

Sphenopalatine sinus

conchofrontal sinus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Frontal sinus is connected to which concha?

A

Dorsal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

What diverticulum can you feel in the rectal examination of ruminants?

A

suburethral diverticulum

  • floor of the vestibule
  • urethral orifice is a small opening on the cranial side of the neck of the diverticulum
  • catheter can be difficult to insert due to the diverticulum
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

which species have a suburethral diverticulum?

A

Sus + Ru (female)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

name the patellar ligaments in cattle?

A

medial , intermediate, lateral patellar ligaments

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

dental formula of a cow?

A

0-0-3-3

3-1-3-3

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

where is the best place to check for a pulse in Bo?

A

coccygeal artery

facial and palmar arteries

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

folds in the portiovaginalis?

A

Bo

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

what is the direction of the hilus in the left kidney of Ru?

A

Dorsal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

the left kidney is situated more to the right in Ru because of the presence of what?

A

The rumen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

which sinus extends into the horns?

A

the frontal sinus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

what is the position of the omasum to the reticulum?

A

dorsal to the reticulum covered by the omentum, faces liver on the right

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

where is the greater omentum attached in Ru?

A

sulcus longitudinalis of the rumen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

how is the sinus system of Ru separated?

A
  • maxillary sinus communicates with lacrimal sinus and palatine sinus
  • ethmoidal sinus communicates with the sphenoid and frontal sinuses

frontal sinus is divided by a septum into rostral and caudal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

position of the reticulum?

A

left ventral abdominal wall, starts at 6-7 Intercostal space, situated cranial and ventral, directly ventral to cardia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

how is the sigmoid flexure of colon of a bull related to the defferent duct?

A

its caudal to the deferent duct

(in Sus its cranial to the defferent duct)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
42
Q

which features are found in rectal examination of Ru?

A
  • Left = Rumen, abomasum, spleen
  • middle = both kidneys, left ureter, ovaries
  • right = small intestines, caudal flexure of duodenum, bladder, uterus, colon
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
43
Q

what are the injection sites for the Ru?

A

  1. V. jugularis
  2. V. coccygeus
  3. V. epigastricus superficialis (milk vein)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
44
Q

which nerve must be anaesthetised when dehorning?

A

N. auriculopalpebralis

+

N. zygomaticotemporal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
45
Q

which nerves are anaesthetised when dehorning?

A
  • Trigeminal - N.cornualis, N. zygomaticotemporal,
  • nerve block of zygomatic process of frontal bone ~ 2cm above arch in recess
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
46
Q

on which side of the greater omentum is the colon descendens found in Ru?

A

lamina visceralis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
47
Q

on which side of the greater omentum is the centripetal colon found?

A

lamina visceralis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
48
Q

positioning of the greater omentum in Ru?

A
  • lamina visceralis - ascending colon, jejunum
  • lamina parietalis - liver, spleen, kidney
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
49
Q

is the abomasum in contact with the abdominal wall?

A

Yes

(however abomasum is not Fixed in position moving/shifting L-R)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
50
Q

Position of the Rumen?

A

Left

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
51
Q

which organ can you find on the right side of the abomasum?

A

liver (cranial and right)

= right side displacement - may move between the liver and right abdominal wall, obvious outbulging to one side: use percussion and you will hear

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
52
Q

what is the abomasum in contact with to the right?

A

the liver

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
53
Q

which organ can you find caudal to the omasum?

A

abomasum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
54
Q

where can you find the liver in Ru?

A

slightly to the right of reticulum and omasum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
55
Q

position of gall bladder in Ru?

A

at the 10th- 11th IC space on the right

(gall bladder in Ru is particularly large and at the level of the tuber coxae)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
56
Q

intercostal space of reticulum?

A

6-8 ic space

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
57
Q

describe the colon ascendens of Ru?

A
  • it has a proximal s-shaped loop (towards caudal)
  • flattened spiral centrepetal loops (inwards)
  • flexure centralis
  • Flattened spiral Centrifugal loops (outwards)
  • distal loop ( towards left)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
58
Q

does the frontal sinus of cattle communicate with the maxillary sinus?

A

never

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
59
Q

folds of the rumen?

A
  • villi
  • left and right accessory grooves
  • left and right longitudinal grooves
  • dorsal and ventral coronary grooves
  • cranial and caudal grooves
  • ruminoreticular groove
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
60
Q

what are the puncta maxima of the heart?

A

Ca:

pulmonary trunk: 3 ic (above sternum)

aorta: 4 ic (level of shoulder)

LAV: 5 ic (distal third)

RAV: 4 ic (distal third)

Eq:

pulmonary trunk: 3 ic (mid to distal third)

Aorta: 4 ic (5 cm below shoulder)

LAV: 4-5 ic (distal third)

RAV: 3-4 ic (8cm above sternum)

Ru:

pulmonary trunk: 2-3 ic space ( distal third)

Aorta: 3-4 ic (2cm below shoulder)

LAV: 4 ic ( distal third)

RAV: 3 ic (distal third)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
61
Q

where can you find the cardiac dullness in Ru?

A
  • heart covered by lungs on the right side
  • on the LHS 3-4 IC
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
62
Q

where can you find cardiac dullness in Eq?

A

Left hand side: 3-5 Ic space

Right hand side: 4-5 ic space

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
63
Q

where can you find cardiac dullness in Ca?

A

Left hand side: 4-6 Ic space

Right hand side: 4-5 ic space

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
64
Q

relative dullness in Eq and Ru?

A
  • 3-4cm (around absoloute dullness
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
65
Q

relative dullness in Ca?

A

1-2 cm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
66
Q

reason for absoloute dullness?

A

due to the leftward shift of the heart, its incontact with the thorax wall in a small area: absoloute dullness

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
67
Q

what is relative dullness of the heart?

A

when the heart isnt in direct contact with the thoracic wall - its covered partly by the lungs, decreased resonance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
68
Q

what recess surrounds the acute margins of the lung?

A

costodiaphragmatic recess of the pleura

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
69
Q

what is the role of the recessus costodiaphragmaticus?

A

can act as a fluid trap

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
70
Q

which male accessory gland is found around the neck of the bladder in the Dog?

A

the prostate gland

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
71
Q

which lymph node is found in front of (cranial to) scapula?

A

superficial cervical lymph node

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
72
Q

where would you administer a common peroneal (fibular) nerve block in a dog?

A

muscular groove between lateral and long digital extensors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
73
Q

nerve block site for the common fibular nerve in Eq?

A

on the lateral side 12-15 cm proximal to the tuber calcanei, muscular groove between long and lateral digital extensors

(nerve not palpeable at injection site)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
74
Q

what is the lateral point of injection into the stifle?

A

Eq + Ca: at joint recesses of extensor groove (inject next to long digital extensor

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
75
Q

does the perineum cover the cervix?

A

yes cervix is in the pelvic cavity

(Perimetrum is most exterior part of the uterus)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
76
Q

does the mediastimum cover the cervix?

A

no

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
77
Q

innervation of nerve II (optic nerve)?

A

vision, transmission of light (pupillary reflex)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
78
Q

efferent nerve of pupillary reflex?

A

occulomotor nerve (III)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
79
Q

motot nerve with pupillary reflex?

A

Occulomotor nerve (III)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
80
Q

Pupillary reflex?

A

Afferent = N. opticus

Efferent = N. occulomotorious

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
81
Q

innervation of N. occulomotorious (III)?

A
  • dorsal/ medial/ ventral rectus muscles
  • ventral oblique muscle
  • levator palpebral muscle

(muscles of the eye and constrictors of the pupil)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
82
Q

what is auscultation/ percussion?

A
  • auscultation = listening, either through a stethoscope or directly, to the sounds within the body (e.g. heart beat)
  • Percussion = drumming/tapping with the fingers on the surface of part of the body to detect resonance of organs
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
83
Q

which sound is the first heart sound?

A

start of Systole (closure of the bicuspid valve)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
84
Q

which is the second heart sound?

A

the start of diastole ( closure of the semilunar valves of the pulmonary trunk)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
85
Q

which heart wall lies more cranially?

A

right wall of atrium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
86
Q

when cant you hear the heart sounds?

A

during inspiration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
87
Q

when can you hear the heart sounds?

A

during expiration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
88
Q

where is the oesophagus placed in the upper neck?

A
  • cervical part = dorsal to trachea
  • proximal/ middle neck = to the left of the trachea
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
89
Q

mammary glands of Eq?

A

2 inguinal

(two openings at each teat)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
90
Q

mammary glands of the cow?

A

4 inguinal

(1 opening at each teat)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
91
Q

mammary glands of small Ru?

A

2 inguinal

(1 opening at each teat)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
92
Q

mammary glands of the Sow?

A

4 thoracic

6 abdominal

4 inguinal

(2/3 openings at each teat)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
93
Q

mammary gland of the bitch?

A

4 thoracic

4 abdominal

2 inguinal

(12 openings at each teat)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
94
Q

mammary glands of the Queen?

A

4 thoracic

2 abdominal

2 inguinal

(3 openings at each teat )

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
95
Q

location of the spleen in poultry?

A
  • left side.
  • located near the gizzard in the body cavity visible at the junction between the gizzard and stomach
  • medial plane beside the proventriculus
  • incontact with the liver
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
96
Q

dental formula of the dog?

A

3-1-4-2

3-1-4-3

(42 teeth in total)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
97
Q

dental formula of the swine?

A

3-1-4-3

3-1-4-3

(44 teeth in total)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
98
Q

rib number in different species?

A

Ca: 13 each side (26)

Eq: 18 each side (36)

Ru: 14 each side (28)

Sus: 14-15 each side (28-30)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
99
Q

pulse taking from the metatarsal?

A

from the dorsal aspect (cranial tibial artery)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
100
Q

where is the gall bladder of the dog?

A

on the right of the median plane, between the quadrate and right medial lobes of the liver

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
101
Q

which sound is the most cranial sound of the heart?

A

pulmonary valve/ pulmonary trunk semilunar valves

Pulmonary trunk = 3rd IC

Aorta = 4th IC

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
102
Q

sinus lacrimalis is found in which species?

A

Ru + Sus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
103
Q

sinus palatinus is absent in?

A

Ca and Sus

(In Eq sphenopalatine sinus)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
104
Q

sinus sphenidalis is absent in?

A

dog and small Ru

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
105
Q

facial nerve is responsible for?

A

mimics, facial expressions and skin

106
Q

can the stomach of the dog border with the abdominal wall?

A

sometimes (when full)

107
Q

which lameness indicates joints degeneration?

A

supportive leg lameness (warm up pain)

108
Q

which lameness indicates muscle, tendon, ligament disorders?

A

swinging leg lameness (difficulty to bring leg forward)

109
Q

which ligament is attached to the joint capsule of the stifle?

A

medial collateral ligament

110
Q

the lateral and medial joint capsule of which species communicate?

A

Dog and Ru

(Eq complete septum prevents communication)

111
Q

injection points into fetlock?

A

two sites:

  1. through the dorsal recess: obliquely lateral or medial to the extensor tendon
  2. through palmar recess (easier): extends between the cannon bone, suspensory ligament, end of splint bones and proximal sesamoids

(injection point it dorsal to suspensory ligament)

112
Q

how to check bone spavin?

A

a) hindlimb conformation
b) hyperextension of the metacarpopharyngeal joints. passive flexion of the joint & accentuation of lameness following flexion

113
Q

lung borders?

A

Eq:

Vc: 17

Tc: 16

Ti: 14

Sh: 9

Ru:

Vc: 12

Tc: 11

Ti: -

Sh: 8

Ca:

Vc: 12

Tc: 11

Ti: 10

Sh: 8

Sus:

Vc: 12

Tc: 11

Ti: 9

Sh: 7

114
Q

intravenous injection sites of the Dog?

A

V. jugularis externa

V. saphenus

V. cephalica

115
Q

intravenous injection of the Eq:

A

V. jugularis ext

(V. cephalic?)

116
Q

what borders the viborg’s triangle?

A

rostral: vertical border of mandible
ventral: facial vein

Dorsal: insertion of m. sterocephalicus

117
Q

pulse taking in Eq:

A

facial artery

transverse facial artery

auxillary artery

coccygeal artery

118
Q

pulse taking in the Ca:

A

Femoral artery

119
Q

pulse taking in the Ru?

A

coccygeal artery

120
Q

pulse taking in the Eq hindlimb?

A

dorsal pedal artery on lateral surface of metatarsal

121
Q

which structures lie within the inc. vasorum facialum?

A

facial vein & artery and parotid duct

122
Q

spleen location in Eq?

A

18th - 10th ribs LHS

123
Q

spleen location in Sus?

A

left costal arch of diaphragm

124
Q

spleen location in Ca?

A

10th to 13th rib LHS

125
Q

spleen loaction in Ru?

A

7-8th rib to 12-13th ribs LHS

126
Q

which nerve supplies the nostrils?

A

maxillary nerve - via infraorbital nasalis caudalis

opthalmic nerve - via nasociliare

127
Q

which mesentery is related to the kidney?

A

mesoduodenum

128
Q

position of the duodenum in the peritoneum?

A

intraperitoneal

129
Q

sensory nerves of the tongue?

A
  1. N. glossopharyngeal (IX)
  2. N. facial (VII)
  3. N. mandibularis (lingual nerve)
130
Q

what is the IX nerve?

A

N. glossopharyngeus

131
Q

motor innervation of the tongue?

A

N. Hypoglossus

132
Q

Position of the descending duodenum?

A

right side

133
Q

what direction does the ascending duodenum run?

A

cranially left to right

134
Q

describe the ascending colon in Sus, Ru?

A
  • gyri centripetals
  • gyri centrifugales

(Sus = cone)

(Ru = disc)

135
Q

what will be blocked by a mandibular nerve block?

A
  • salivary glands
  • mastication muscles
  • lower teeth
  • lower lips
  • tongue
  • part of external ear
136
Q

do the tarsocrural and proximal tarsal rows communicate?

A

yes

It has three pouches which extend proximal to the medial and lateral malleolus and a dorsal pouch extending under the medial tendon of m.tibialis cranialis

137
Q

which muscles are innervated by the N.trigeminus?

A

muscles of mastication

138
Q

which nerve innervated the upper palpebra?

A

Mandibular nerve (V3)

139
Q

what is the difference between the right and left uterine horns?

A

Right is longer and more cranial

140
Q

which structure is cranial to ligament vesicae laterale?

A

the round ligament of the bladder (Lig. vesicae teres)

141
Q

the major artery of the retina?

A

central retinal artery - opthalmic artery - internal carotid artery

(the rest of the eye is supplied by the external opthalmic artery)

142
Q

which large salivary gland cannot be palpated in the dog?

A

zygomatic gland

143
Q

which tendon is parallel to the patellar ligament

A

long digital extensor

144
Q

which lymh node is between m.latissimus dorsi and deep pectoral muscles?

A

Auxillary acessory lymph node

145
Q

is the facial nerve motor or sensory?

A

mixed

146
Q

nerve of facial expression?

A

N. facialis (VII)

147
Q

N. digitalis palmaris block?

A
  • needle is inserted 1cm above hoof cartilage
  • repeat for lat. and med
  • acts on terminal branches of the lateral and medial palmar digital nerves
  • coffin bone, navicular bursa + ligaments of the navicular bursa, distal part of the DDF
148
Q

what surface is not anaesthetised during N. digitalis palmaris nerve block?

A

dorsal surface due to r. dorsalis

149
Q

which joint is used for high digital block?

A

fetlock joint

150
Q

which nerve does the proximal metacarpal block stop?

A

ulnar nerve - lateral injection between the m.flexor carpi ulnaris and m.extensor carpi ulnaris - distal to accessory carpal bone (10cm ventral to carpal joint)

151
Q

sites of carpal joint injection?

A

Ca: lateral to accessory cephalic vein, between common and lateral digital extensors

Eq: 2 sites: - a) Carpometacarpo & intercarpal joint: on either side of m.extensor carpi radialis

b) Radiocarpal joint: on either side of m.extensor digitorum lateralis tendon, or palmar recess in front of m. ulnaris lateralis and slightly distally and medial, proximal to accessory carpal bone

152
Q

shoulder joint injection sites? `

A

Ca: in front or behind the tendon of m.infraspinatus

Eq: two joint cavities

  1. infront of m.infraspinatus tendon, at the level of the greater tubercule
  2. from deltoid tuber upwards (up to bursa of biceps tendon)
153
Q

injection into digital sheath?

A

between proximal sesamoid bones and distal end of splint bones (behind m.interoseous, use muscle as orientation)

inject from height of sesamoid bones caudal to interosseous

154
Q

carpal sheath injection?

A

on the palmar aspect, 10cm distal to the accessory carpal bone, below th level of the joint, behing the m. interosseous

155
Q

injection site for the stifle on the medial side Eq (medial femorotibial sac) ?

A

between the medial patellar ligament and the tendon of the sartorious

or between the medial patellar ligament and the medial femorotibial ligament avoiding the sartorious tendon

156
Q

injection into the lateral femorotibial sac Eq?

A

needle is inserted between the lateral patellar ligament and the long digital extensor muscle just proximal to the tibia (in the extensor groove)

157
Q

injection into the femoropatellar sac Eq?

A

usually communicates with the medial femorotibial sac but the needle is inserted 4cm proximal to the tibial tuberosity between the middle and medial patellar ligaments

158
Q

stifle joint in Ca?

A

best over the extensor groove of the tiba (recess of m.extensor digitorum longus and the lateral collateral ligament)

159
Q

recesses of the stifle?

A

recessus suprapatellar

recessus caudalis

recessus extensorious

recessus popliteus

sesamoid recess

160
Q

which pre - molar has the shortest lingual surface?

A

Ca: 1st

Eq: 2nd

161
Q

the stomach is in contact with the abdominal wall?

A

In Ru

(in Ca when the stomach is full)

162
Q

where do you take the pulse in the hindlimb of a dog?

A

A. femoralis

163
Q

afferent nerve of eyelids?

A

Facial nerve (VII)

164
Q

which sturucture is infront of the m.interosseous?

A

splint bone and carpal/fetlock joint capsule

165
Q

location of the foramen mandibulare?

A

medial mandible

Eq: at the level of the occlusal surface of the teeth and its meeting point on a line drawn between temporomandibular joint and inc. vasorum facialum (mid way to zygomatic arch )

Ca: find facial notch in front of angular process, go up approx 1.5 - 2cm on medial side

166
Q

name the carpal bones?

A

Ca: Prox - Ca,Cu,Ci/Cr (lat to med)

Dist: C1,C2,C3,C4

Eq: Prox - Ca,Cu,Ci,Cr

Dist - C2,C3,C4

Sus: all bones exist

Ru: Prox- Ca, Cu, Ci, Cr

Dist - C2/C3, C4

167
Q

innervation of the supraorbital nerve?

A

forehead (not preasent in Ru and Ca)

168
Q

blood sampling in the pig?

A

V. auricularis

v. cava cranialis

169
Q

Anaestesia of the tibial nerve?

A

proximal to calcaneous, between deep and superficial DDF tendons

Eq: 12-15cm proximal to calcaneous

Ca: inject infront of common calcanean tendon

170
Q

anaestesia of the median nerve?

A

Eq: medial, proximal, to elbow joint (palpable next to chestnut) - within the groove of the radial and ulnar flexors

Ca: medial, distal 1/3 of forearm, between flexor carpi radiale and superficial digital flexor - nerve in front of the large median artery

171
Q

which glands will be anaesthetised when the mandibular nerve is blocked?

A

the salivary glands

172
Q

nerve block of paralumbar anaestesia?

A

T13 nerve, L1-L2 in the flank (iliohypogastric nerve and ilioinguinal nerve)

173
Q

which nerve is anaesthetised when injecting to L2?

A

Paralumbar nerve - Ilioinguinal

174
Q

what precautions need to be made when conducting a tibial block?

A

not to puncture the lateral saphenous vein

175
Q

Lung lobulation?

A

Ca: left cranial lobe - pars cranialis

  • Pars caudalis

left caudal lobe

Right cranial lobe

right middle

right caudal lobe

accessory lobe

Eq: left cranial lobe

left caudal lobe

right cranial lobe

right caudal lobe

accessory lobe

Ru: left cranial lobe - Pars cranialis

  • pars caudalis

Left caudal lobe

right cranial lobe - Pars cranialis

  • Pars caudalis

right medial lobe

right caudal lobe

accessory lobe

176
Q

navicular disease ?

A

coffin joint - the deep digital flexor tendon and navicular bursa & sesamoid ligament & navicular bone is damaged - problem with blood supply to distal part of bone

177
Q

from which menisci does the lig. menisci femoral emerge in Ca?

A

lateral side

178
Q

Femorotibial injection point in Ca?

A

lat/medial side of patellar ligament

179
Q

what does supporting lameness indicate?

A

joint damage

180
Q

what does swinging limb lameness indicate?

A

muscle and tendon damage

181
Q

on which side of mesentery is the centrepetal colon?

A

Left

182
Q

what does the pre-tracheal fascia not cover?

A

the common carotid artery

183
Q

on the lingual side of the cup, what appears after some time of wear?

A

dental star (dark dentin)

184
Q

what is bone spavin and how to treat it?

A

degeneration of tarsus junction

pieces are broken off - causes blisters inside joint

to check - flex joint for 2 mins - if limp afterwards (sign of pain) - indicates bone spavin

to treat, transect tendon of tibialis cranialis miscle or drill

185
Q

which nerve is found between the two heads of the flexors of the ulna?

A

ulna nerve

186
Q

which lymph nodes are found between the hindlimb of a dog?

A

(mammary/scrotal) superficial inguinal lymph nodes

187
Q

how is the lingual surface positioned compared to the buccal surface of pre molar teeth?

A

Lower (buccal = higher)

188
Q

Artery supplying the thoracic mammary glands?

A

internal thoracic - r. mammaria

189
Q

cranial nerve IX (N.glosspharyngeal)

A

motor, sensory (mixed)

190
Q

in which direction does the left ventral colon run?

A

caudally

191
Q

what direction does the descending colon run?

A

caudally

192
Q

on what side of the greater omentum is the descending colon in Ru?

A

the right side

193
Q

what direction does the right ventrl colon go?

A

cranially - xiphoid process - sternal flexure

194
Q

which direction does the transverse colon run?

A

from right to left

195
Q

which structure attaches the patella in position during the locking mechanism?

A

trochlea ossis femoris

196
Q

what patella ligaments lock the patella in position in the Eq?

A

medial and intermediate patellar ligaments

197
Q

where is the crop positioned?

A

distal end of oesophagus in the chest on the right side

198
Q

which is the unpaired air sac in birds?

A

clavicular air sac

199
Q

what artery runs parallel with iliac column?

A

medial sacral artery

200
Q

which ligament suspends the femal reproductive organs?

A

the broad ligament

  • mesosaphinx
  • mesovarium
  • mesometrium
201
Q

which tendon runs under the lateral collateral ligament of the stifle?

A

Popliteal tendon

202
Q

what surrounds the popliteal lymph node?

A

found between the m.semitendinosus and m.biceps femoris

203
Q

what are the recesses of the lung?

A

Recessus costomediastinalis

cupula

recessus costodiaphragmaticus

recessus lumbodiaphragmaticus

recessus mediastini (contains accessory lobe of lung)

204
Q

which lymph nodes can you feel on rectal examination of a horse?

A

mesenteric ln (only if enlarged)

caecal ln

205
Q

what urogential ligament can be used for orientation during rectal examination of Eq?

A

lig. renolienalis

206
Q

what diverticulum can you feel on rectal examination of Ru?

A

diverticulum suburethrae

207
Q

name the lymph node found ventral to the paralumbar fossa in Eq?

A

subiliac ln

208
Q

where is the dilation of the horse colon located?

A

“Ampulla coli”

the right dorsal colon

209
Q

does the frontal sinus in Ru communicate with the maxillary sinus?

A

no

210
Q

which nerve is not blocked during palmar digital block?

A

r. dorsalis

211
Q

which kidney is palpeable in Eq during rectal examination?

A

left kidney

212
Q

where is the attachment of the greater omentum in Ru?

A

sulcus longitudinalis

213
Q

where is the caecum of the Eq located?

A

Right hand side

214
Q

which mesentery is related to a kidney?

A

mesoduodenum

215
Q

position of the descending duodenum?

A

Right hand side

216
Q

position of the reticulum?

A

left ventral abdomial wall - 7-9 IC

217
Q

do tarsocrural and proximal tarsal joint capsules communicate?

A

yes

218
Q

which species have a patellar ln?

A

Eq

219
Q

is the abomasum in contact with the abdominal wall?

A

yes ventrally

220
Q

which side does the abomasum lie?

A

right ventral wall

221
Q

which side is the spleen in Eq?

A

left dorsal

222
Q

which side is the ostium ileocecale in Eq?

A

right ventral (listen in paralumbar fossa)

223
Q

which side is the jejunum in Eq?

A

left dorsal

224
Q

which side is the flexure pelvina in Eq?

A

left caudal

225
Q

where can you find the head of the caecum in Eq?

A

on right side ( apex at sternum, base at fossa paralumbalis)

226
Q

feature of the sinus system in cattle?

A

separated

227
Q

the eruptio of Id2 in Eq?

A

6 weeks

228
Q

which nerve if sound between the two heads of the flexors of the ulna?

A

N.ulnaris

229
Q

spleen location in Eq?

A

Ribs 10-18

230
Q

spleen location in Ru?

A

Ribs 10-13

231
Q

Spleen location in Ca?

A

Ribs 7/8 - 13

232
Q

positioning of the greater omentum in Ru?

A

lamina visceralis - ascending colon, jejunum

lamina parietalis - spleen, kidney, liver

233
Q

which organ can you find to the right of the omasum?

A

liver

234
Q

ic. position of the reticulum?

A

6-8

235
Q

which structure in the dog should be considered when draining CSF from the cisterna magma?

A

proc. spinosus of the axis

236
Q

which nerve runs with the cephalic vein?

A

N. radialis superficialis

237
Q

where is the injection point for the gall bladder in Ru and Eq?

A

10ic space

(Eq have no gall bladder)

238
Q

Rabbit uterus?

A

Duplex

2 ovaries

2 uterine horns

2 cervix

2 portiovaginalis

no uterine body

1 vagina

239
Q

Rabbit soft palate?

A

long with a prominent epiglottis

can swallow and breath at the same time

240
Q

Pseudocoprophagy

A

pellets leave the anus, covered in a mucous membrane to protect the PH and are re ingested by the rabbit

241
Q

spinal taps in Ca?

A

Cebromedullary cisterna

lumbosacral junction - less risk as spinal nerves are longer and more mobile

242
Q

types Anesthia?

A

Epidural - slower acting, longer lasting - needle is inserted between the last lumbar and the first sacral vertebrae

Spinal - Anaestetic is introduced into the subarachnoid space between the last 2 lumbar vertebrae

No CSF or blood should be seen in syringe in either

243
Q

injection site for the pericardium of the heart?

A

through the cardiac notch found between the cranial and middle lobes of the lung

apex of the notch is positioned at the distal quarter of the fourth rib

244
Q

lung position?

A

found between ribs 4-6 in Ca

245
Q

does the rabbit have a clavicle?

A

yes

246
Q

does a rabbit have sacculations on the ileum?

A

no

247
Q

does the rabbit have a ventrally closed penis?

A

no

248
Q

does a rabbit have double uterine cervix?

A

yes

249
Q

equine bladder has how many ligaments?

A

3

  • lig. latum vesicae (2)
  • lig. teres vesicae (2)
  • lig. vesicae medianum (1)
250
Q

which part of the intestines are in contact with the abdominal wall in the Ca?

A

Duodenum (RHS)

251
Q

is the canine cervix retroperitoneal, extraperitoneal or before the cervix?

A

Retroperitoneal

252
Q

the mediastinal recess is where?

A

between the cavum mediastini and caudal vena cava

253
Q

the frontal nerve of the horse does not communicate with the?

A

lacrimal sinus

254
Q

the tibial nerve is blocked where in the dog?

A

between the common calcanean tendon and the crus

255
Q

if the calcanean tendon is severed what other structure should be checked?

A

N. tibialis

256
Q

to place a nasogastric tube one must pass through?

A

common nasal meatus

257
Q

if the common calcanean tendon is competley removed from the calcaneous what is most greatley affected?

A

extensors of the hock

258
Q

if a pin is placed in the calcaneous to stabilise it what muscle tendons must it go through?

A

Gastrocnemious and superfucial digital flexor

259
Q

if a horse has a full set of teeth and shows sign of wear. along with a hook and a dental star on the third upper incisor what age is it?

A

7

260
Q

what nerves supply the muscles of mastication i a horse?

A

N. trigeminis

261
Q

position of tuber sacral?

A

topo anatomy (6 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions