Written Communication Flashcards
Present Tense
Describes what is happening right now.
EX: I am studying for an exam.
Gerund Phrase
A type of appositional phrase that modifies a gerund (or verb+ing) and behaves like a noun.
EX: Drinking water when it’s hot outside can prevent you from becoming dehydrated.
Phrase
A term of two or more words that convey an idea when used together.
EX: We were waiting for you.
Prescriptive Grammar
Grammar that follows the rules set forth by tradition and formal language.
Past Perfect Tense
Describes things that were completed before some point in the past.
EX: I couldn’t see because I had lost my glasses.
Participle Phrase
A phrase that modifies a participle - a term with a verb ending in “-ed” or “-ing” - to serve as an adjective
EX: Tired after a long walk, the dog slept in the corner.
Future Perfect Tense
Describes something that will be completed at some point in the future
EX: By the end of the year, I will have saved enough money to buy a car!
Appositional Phrase
Restates a preceding term by expanding upon it or explaining it in a qualifying statement between two commas.
EX: New York City, the largest city in the United States, has a population of around 8.6 million people.
Present Perfect Tense
Describes things that began in the past and continue to the present.
EX: I haven’t seen you in such a long time! I have been working a lot!
Modeling
An instructional strategy in which the teacher demonstrates a concept or skill and students learn by observing.
EX: When a teacher encounters a difficult word in a text, she thinks aloud to model how she can use the context clues to discover the meaning.
Think Aloud
A teaching strategy in which a teacher states his/her thoughts aloud to demonstrate how the students should go about solving a problem or understanding a text.
EX: Math teachers model thinking by reading a problem aloud and verbalizing figuring out what it is asking what needs to be done. Language arts teachers ask themselves questions about the text as they read aloud.
Past Tense
Describes things that have already happened.
EX: I visited my parents last weekend.
Verb Phrase
A type of appositional phrase that modifies a verb
EX: The baby was crawling on the floor.
Prepositional Phrase
A phrase that describes the relationship between a noun and a pronoun or another word in the sentence.
EX: She sat in the seat in the middle.
Descriptive Grammar
Grammatical rules and structures as they are spoken or written by everyday speakers
EX: I seen him yesterday.
