Writing terminology, ideas and concepts - lessons 2, 3 and 4 Flashcards
How many phonemes are there in the English language?
44 phonemes
How many graphemes are there in the English alphabet?
26 graphemes in the alphabet
What are homophones?
Words that sound the same but are spelt differently.
According to Gentry, what is semi-phonetic spelling?
When children can link letter shapes (graphemes) and sounds (phonemes) using this to write words, but their knowledge is incomplete e.g. allowed = ald, girls = giz
eagle = E
According to Gentry, what is phonetic spelling?
When children understand that all phonemes can be represented by graphemes: words become more complete and are spelled phonetically e.g. boys = baz
picture = pichr, hope = hop
According to Gentry, what is transitional spelling?
When children combine phonic knowledge with visual memory; an awareness of combinations of letters and letters patterns, such as the trigraph igh, including the magic ‘e’ rule or split digraph e.g. bank = bangk, soup = supe, little = littel. They will often overcomplicate spelling at this stage.
According to Gentry, what is conventional spelling?
When children can spell most words correctly.
In spelling, what is insertion?
When extra letters are inserted e.g. perculiar.
In spelling, what is omission?
When letters are left out e.g. frendly
In spelling, what is substitution?
When one letter is substituted for another e.g. kittins
In spelling, what is transposition?
When the correct order of words is reversed e.g. becuase
In spelling, what is overgeneralisation of spelling rules?
When a spelling rule is used where it is not appropriate e.g. cloke instead of cloak (shows awareness of split digraph o_e)
In spelling, what are salient sounds?
These are the key sounds that you hear when a word is said e.g. sudnly
According to Kroll, what happens in the preparation stage and at what age?
Up to 6 yrs – basic motor skills are acquired alongside some principles of spelling.
According to Kroll, what happens in the consolidation stage and at what age?
7/8 yrs – writing is similar to spoken language including more colloquial and informal register. Often a string of clauses joined together by the conjunction “and”.
