Reading terminology, ideas and concepts lesson 3 Flashcards
What is a graphophonic cue?
Looking at the shape of words, linking these to familiar graphemes/words to interpret them (as you did when working out new words, such as onychophagy).
What is a semantic cue?
Understanding the meanings of words and making connections between words in order to decode new ones (as you did when you saw ‘Mary had a little lamb, mint sauce, and gravy’).
What is a syntactic cue?
Applying knowledge of word order and word classes to work out if a word seems right in the context (as you did with the sentence ‘They walked through the deep, dark ….’ logically the next word should be wood or forest or some other noun denoting a place).
What is a visual cue?
Looking at the pictures and using the visual narrative to interpret unfamiliar words or idea (as you did with halieutics/fishing which you could work out from the picture).
What is a contextual cue?
Searching for understanding in the situation of the story — comparing it to their own experience or their pragmatic understanding of social conventions (as you did when working out what onychophagy is and as Louise did when working out the words in her Halloween story).
What is a miscue?
Making errors when reading: a child might miss a word or substitute another that looks similar, or guess a word from accompanying pictures
How do adults support children when they are reading?
By helping children to identify graphemes and sound out the phonemes.
Through lots of praise and encouragement (Skinner’s positive reinforcement).
By reading some words correctly when the child miscues.
What is positive reinforcement and whose theory was it?
Skinner was a behaviourist who believed that learning occurred through positive reinforcement. In operant conditioning, positive reinforcement involves the addition of a reinforcing stimulus following a behaviour that makes it more likely that the behaviour will occur again in the future.
What is the name given to stage 0 of Jeanne Chall’s stages of children’s reading development? What are its main features?
Pre-reading and pseudo-reading
‘Pretend’ reading (turning pages and repeating stories perhaps previously read to them).
Some letter and word recognition, especially letters in own name.
Predicting single words or the next stage of a story.
What is the name given to stage 1 of Jeanne Chall’s stages of children’s reading development? What are its main features?
Initial reading and decoding
Reading simple texts containing high-frequency lexis (this happens when children start to learn the relationship between phonemes and graphemes).
How many written words understood? Chall estimated around 600
What is the name given to stage 2 of Jeanne Chall’s stages of children’s reading development? What are its main features?
Confirmation and fluency
Reading texts more quickly, accurately and fluently, paying more attention to the meanings of words and texts. How many written words understood? Chall estimated around 3000.
What features are found in child directed speech?
Clue: there are 10
repetition and /or repeated sentence frames
higher pitch
the child’s name rather than pronouns
the present tense
one-word utterances and/or short elliptical sentences
fewer verbs/modifiers e.g. adverbs or adjectives
concrete nouns
expansions and/or recasts
yes/no questioning
exaggerated pauses giving turn-taking cues
