Writing, Speaking, and Listening Flashcards
Purpose (writing)
What is the point of the writing? Narrative, argumentative, informative.
Things to Consider About the Audience
What do they know? What do they believe? How do they understand? How do they speak?
Things to Consider When Giving a Speech
Tone, facial expressions, pacing, and audience reaction to the topic.
Writing Unity
When the details in a sentence, paragraph, or text share a main idea.
Details to include in writing
Reasons Examples Names Numbers Senses
Coherence
The logical progression of words, sentences, and paragraphs.
Overwriting
Adding ornate language or technical terms that clutters the writing and hurts the flow. Making writing really flowery.
Chronological Order
Events are organized in the order in which they happened.
Spatial Sequence
Information is organized based on its position in space.
Compare and Contrast
Starts by highlighting the similarities between two things and then addresses the differences.
Cause and Effect
Begins by discussing the causes or reasons for a given event and ends with the revelation of the effect.
Problem and Solution
Starts by introducing a problem and concludes by exploring solutions to the problem.
Print Resources
Deemed more credible because they go through several reviews before being published. Books, magazines, newspapers, and journals.
Digital and Online Resources
Takes more questioning about reliability because anyone can put things on the internet.
Ethical Research Practices
Make sure that fairness and truth are used when seeking information.
What uses MLA Citation?
Arts, humanities, and literature.
What uses APA Citation?
Education, psychology, social sciences.
What uses Chicago Style Citations?
Sciences, history, literature, and art.
What uses Turabian Citations?
History and theological studies.
MLA In-Text Citation
Author’s last name and page number.
APA In-Text Citation
Author’s last name, year published, and page number.
MLA Citation Page
Works Cited, alphabetical order by author’s last name or title of work if no author.
APA Citation Page
References. Organized by Author’s last name.
APA Citation includes
Name, year published, Title, Source, Issue/Edition, page number.
Chicago Style In-Text Citation
Use footnotes. Complete citation goes in footnote.
Chicago Style Citation Includes
Author, Title, Publication city, Publisher, date.
Turabian Style Citation
Uses footnotes like Chicago, but is more comprehensive.
Turabian Citation Page
Called a Bibliography. In alphabetical order.
Source Integration
How to use a source effectively without overpowering the writer’s voice or ideas.
How to integrate sources into writing
Quoting, paraphrasing, or summarizing.
Paraphrasing
Changing wording and syntax to state an idea in the writer’s voice, but keeping the structure of the thought the same as the original author’s.
Oral Communication Objectives
Fluency, coherence, and clarity.
Debate
An oral argumentative essay.
Speech Objectives
Public speaking, fluency, and ability to connect emotionally with an audience.
Discussion Objectives
Gain a deeper understanding of a topic or text.
Socratic Seminar
Leader asks a question and others answer and build of each other to create a discussion.
Blog
Online journal that can use text, photos, videos, sound, and hyperlinks to express ideas. Readers can interact with the author through comments.
Wikis
Allows people with similar interests to exchange ideas and information in an online forum. Intended to be collaborative communities.
Benefits of Eye Contact (Speeches)
Makes speaker seem more honest, genuine, and accessible.
Conciseness
Removing flowery language and cliches so that the meaning of the message is clear and easy to understand.
Writing Workshop
Uses instruction, practice, and assessment.
Collaborative Writing
Partners work together to complete sections of the writing process.
Process Writing
Instructing students on the clear process for writing and using techniques for each part of the process.
Summative Assessments
Judge overall mastery of a topic.
Unit tests, papers.
Formative Assessments
Evaluates student progress as learning happens. Daily homework, quizzes, etc. Used before summative assessments.
Holistic Rubric
Grade based on overall effectiveness of the assignment, not the specific parts.
Analytic Rubrics
Grade based on specific components of the assignment.