Wrist & hand Flashcards
Describe the force transfer through the hand
force travel through most stable digits (2nd and 3rd mc) through to capitate > trapezoid, then transfers to scaphoid > lunate and then transfers to distal radius and ulna and then proximal ulna and radius through to humerus
what is the wrist region and where does the movement come from?
The wrist is the junction between the forearm and the hand. Movement comes from the radiocarpal, midcarpal and intercarpal joints
What are the articulations and classification of the radiocarpal joint?
Distal radius and scaphoid (largest area of articulation) + lunate
It is a biaxial ellipsoid joint.
What are midcarpal and intercarpal joints and what are the classification?
Midcarpal joint separates the proximal and distal rows of carpal bones. Intercarpal bones are extensions of this midcarpal joint which separates individual carpal bones. Gliding joints
What are the two classifications of ligaments of the wrist?
Extrinsic ligaments and intrinsic ligaments.
Extrinsic ligaments connect carpals to radius or ulna; support radiocarpal and midcarpal joints.
Intrinsic ligaments are between carpals.
What is the TFCC?
The triangular fibrocartilage complex is a load bearing structure between the lunate, triquetrum and ulnar head. Acts as a stabilizer for the ulnar aspect of the wrist
What are the collateral ligaments of the wrist and their origin/insertions?
Radial collateral: radial styloid process to scaphoid
Ulnar collateral ligament: ulnar styloid to triquetrum
What are the palmar and dorsal extrinsic ligaments of the wrist and what do they resist?
Palmar radiocarpal resists excessive wrist extension
Palmar ulnocarpal resists excessive wrist extension
Dorsal radiocarpal resists excessive wrist flexion.
What are the intrinsic ligaments of the wrist?
Palmar and dorsal midcarpal (cross from proximal to distal row of carpals)
Interosseous - between adjacent carpal bones
What type of joint is the 1st carpometacarpal/trapeziometacarpal (TM) joint and what are the movements?
It is a biaxial saddle joint.
Abduction-adduction perpendicular to palm
Flexion-extension in plane of palm
What is opposition of the thumb?
Bring the thumb’s tip to touch the tip of one of the other fingers. It produces abduction + flexion + medial rotation (pronation)
What are the 5 dedicated wrist muscles?
Flexor carpi ulnaris
Flexor carpi radialis
Extensor carpi ulnaris
Extensor carpi radialis longus
Extensor carpi radialis brevis
Describe the movements of the wrist and the muscles that produce those movements.
Flexion: flexor carpi ulnaris and flexor carpi radialis
Extension: Extensor carpi ulnaris, extensor carpi radialis longus and brevis
Adduction (ULNAR, medial deviation): flexor carpi ulnaris and extensor carpi ulnaris
Abduction (RADIAL, lateral deviation): flexor carpi radialis, extensor carpi radialis longus, extensor carpi radialis brevis
What are the intrinsic hand muscles?
Thenar compartment:
1. Abductor pollicis brevis
2. Flexor pollicis brevis
3. Opponens pollicis
Hypothenar compartment:
1. Abductor digiti minimi
2. Flexor digiti minimi brevis
3. Opponens digiti minimi
