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ANAT2029 > Shoulder region > Flashcards

Shoulder region Flashcards

1
Q

which bones make up the shoulder region (pectoral girdle)?

A

Clavicle, scapula and proximal humerus (also sternum, rubs and thoracic vertebral column need to be considered)

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2
Q

what are the joints of the shoulder region?

A

sternoclavicular, acromioclavicular! glenouhumeral joints

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3
Q

What is the scapular plane?

A

30 degrees internally rotated from frontal plane, normal position of scapula in anatomical position

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4
Q

What type of joint is the SCJ?

A

a stable, biaxial joint
synovial saddle joint

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5
Q

what bone is the SCJ between?

A

between the clavicle and the sternum & 1st costal cartilage

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6
Q

what are the movements of the clavicle?

A

elevation, depression
protraction + retraction
conjunct rotation

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7
Q

what cause conjunct rotation of the clavicle?

A

conoid ligament (coracoid process to inferior+posterior point of the lateral convex curve of clavicle)
tightening of ligament results in conjunct rotation

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8
Q

what are the bones that articulate the acromioclavicular joint?

A

distal end of clavicle and medial aspect of acromion process

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9
Q

what type of joint is ACJ?

A

synovial plane joint (no bony stability)

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10
Q

what are the coracoclavicular ligaments and what are their functions?

A

conoid ligament and trapezoid ligament
Conoid ligament suspends scapula and resists superior glide of lateral clavicle
trapezoid ligament resists medial glide of the scapula relative to the clavicle

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11
Q

what type of joint is the GHJ?

A

ball and socket multiaxial diarthrosis

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12
Q

what are the axioclavicular/axioscapular muscles?

A
  1. upper fibres of trapezius
  2. subclavius
  3. pec minor
  4. serrated anterior
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13
Q

what are the actions of serrated anterior?

A

scapular protraction (primary muscle), scapular upward rotation
holds media, border of scapula against thorax

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14
Q

what is the paradoxical scapular position during movement?

A

downward rotation, anterior tilt and internal rotation

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15
Q

what are the posterior axioclavicular/axioscapular muscles?

A
  1. upper traps
  2. middle traps
  3. lower traps
  4. levator scapulae
  5. rhomboid minor
  6. rhomboid major
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16
Q

describe the movements of the trapezius muscles

A

All 3 muscles contribute to scapular retraction
All 3 muscles contribute to scapular upward rotation (to a lesser degree)
upper traps contributes to scapular elevation (due to upward direction of fibres)
lower traps contribute to scapular depression (due to downward rotation of fibres)

17
Q

what are the actions of levator scapulae, and the rhomboid muscles?

A

all 3 muscles produce scapular retraction (levator scapulae is weak contributor to this action)
all 3 muscles produce downward rotation (opposite to traps)
all produce scapular elevation due to superior line of action

18
Q

what is the normal scapular movement during scapular plane abduction?

A

upward rotation, posterior tilt, external rotation

19
Q

how is scapular posterior tilt produced?

A

the synergy between serratus anterior and lower traps

20
Q

how is scapular external rotation achieved

A

serratus anterior and middle traps force couple (synergy)

21
Q

what effects does subacrimial impingement syndrome have on muscle movements?

A

less scapular upward rotation and external rotation
more clavicular elevation and retraction

scapular muscle activity ratios were altered

22
Q

What is the muscle synergy of downward rotation?

A

protraction from pec minor and
retraction from levitation scapulae and rhomboids cancel each other

23
Q

Describe movement of the different parts of deltoid

A

anterior deltoid contribute to flexion, abduction, horizontal flexion and medial rotation
middle deltoid is a prime abductor
posterior deltoid contributes to extension, abduction, horizontal extension and lateral rotation

24
Q

What do rotator cuff muscles have in common?

A

All rotator cuff muscles have a medial line of action which produces compression of the GH joint

25
Q

what are the axiohumeral muscles?

A

pec major (clavicular and thermal portion)
latissimus dorsi

26
Q

what are the actions of pectoralis mejor?

A

All fibres produce internal rotation, horizontal flexion, abduction
clavicular portion produces flexion
sterna’s portion produces extension

27
Q

what are the actions of latissimus dorsi?

A

extension, abduction and internal rotation

28
Q

what are the supraclavicular branches?

A

Branches that arise from superior to clavicle:

Arise from roots
1. dorsal scapular (C5)
2. long thoracic (C5,6,7)

Arise from trunks
1. suprascapular (C5,6)
2. subclavian (C5,6)

29
Q

what structures pass through triangular interval?

A

radial nerve, deep brachial artery, radial groove

ANAT2029 (8 decks)

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