Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

KIN 3160 > wrist and hand injuries > Flashcards

wrist and hand injuries Flashcards

1
Q

what movements occur in the forearm?

A

pronation/supination (between radius and ulna)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

which carpals make up the proximal row?

A

scaphoid, lunate, triquetrum, pisiform

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

which carpals make up the distal row?

A

trapezium, trapezoid, capitate, hamate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

anterior forearm muscles

A
  • wrist and finger flexors
  • common origin in medial epicondyle
  • ulnar and median nerve
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

posterior forearm muscles

A
  • wrist and finger extensors
  • common origin on lateral epicondyle
  • radial nerve
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

thenar compartment of the hand

A
  • thumb muscles

- median nerve

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

hypothenar compartment of the hand

A
  • 5th digit muscles

- ulnar nerve

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

central compartment of the hand

A
  • lumbricals, palmar, and dorsal interossei and adductor pollicis
  • ulnar nerve
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

what is supplied by the radial nerve?

A

supplies more of the dorsal aspect of the hand for sensory (vs muscle contraction)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

forearm fracture - MOI

A
  • direct blow or FOOSH
  • common among active children and youth
  • typically involve both radius and ulna
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

S&S of forearm fracture

A
  • pop or snap
  • pain, swelling, and deformity
  • localized edema and ecchymosis
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

what is a secondary complication of forearm fractures?

A

Volkmann’s contracture

  • brachial artery is compromised = ischemic muscle degradation and necrosis
  • delays in treatment longer than 4-6 hours may cause irreversible damage
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

what is the most common forearm fracture?

A

colles’ fracture

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

colles fracture - def

A

fracture of radius, with a posterior displacement

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

smith fracture

A

-opposite of colles’ fracture, anterior displacement of radius

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

colles’ fracture MOI

A

FOOSH with wrist in hyperextension

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

S&S of colles’ fracture

A

visible ‘dinner fork’ deformity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

forearm fracture - management

A
  • POLICE
  • immobilize elbow joint and wrist joint
  • fingers exposed to monitor MSC
  • sling and swathe
  • refer immediately to physician
  • severe sprains should be treated as possible fractures
  • xray evaluation required to confirm/rule out fracture
  • colles’ fracture in children/youth can be an epiphyseal fracture
  • cast for 6-8 weeks
  • followed by rehabilitation program to address ROM and strength
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

MOI - wrist sprain

A
  • acute: FOOSH (single episode trauma)
  • chronic: repetitive stress (forceful hyperextension)
  • gymnast: vaulting, floor, pommel
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

S&S of wrist sprain

A

-pain, swelling, and difficulty moving wrist in all ROM

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

management of wrist sprain

A
  • POLICE
  • referral to physician to assess for fractures
  • severe wrist sprain and scaphoid fracture often mistaken for each other
22
Q

what is the most frequently fractured carpal bone?

A

scaphoid

23
Q

wrist fracture - scaphoid: MOI

A
  • FOOSH

- compresses scaphoid between radius and 2nd row of carpal bones

24
Q

S&S of wrist (scaphoid) fracture

A
  • carpal swelling
  • point tenderness in anatomical snuffbox
  • pain with long axis pressure along thumb
25
Q

management of wrist (scaphoid) fracture

A
  • initial xray often negative and this no immobilization
  • fracture often has poor healing due to lack of splinting or inadequate blood supply
  • leading to degeneration and avascular necrosis
26
Q

management of scaphoid fracture

A

-re-evaluate if point tenderness persists following initial negative xray

  • cast for 6-8 weeks, including thumb immobilization
  • if proper healing occurs, strengthening rehabilitation follows
  • with non-union, internal fixation/bone graft may be required
27
Q

MOI - hook of hamate fracture

A
  • contact from holding athletic equipment

- such as racket/stick/golf club

28
Q

S&S of hook of hamate fracture

A
  • wrist pain and weakness
  • point tenderness palmar hypothenar
  • ulnar nerve neuropathy
29
Q

management of hook of hamate fracture

A
  • casting

- protect with doughnut padding when RTP

30
Q

what is the most common carpal bone to dislocate?

A

-lunate (although injury is infrequent)

31
Q

MOI - lunate dislocation

A
  • FOOSH
  • creates space between distal and proximal carpal bones
  • lunate dislocated anteriorly (palmar side)
32
Q

S&S of lunate dislocation

A
  • pain, swelling, and difficulty executing wrist and finger flexion
  • may include numbness or paralysis of flexor muscles if median nerve is compressed
33
Q

management of lunate dislocation

A

-referral to physician for xray evaluation and reduction

34
Q

wrist tendinitis

A
  • flexor carpi radialis and flexor ulnaris
  • repetitive wrist flexion activities
  • S&S: pain with active use, passive stretch and isometric resistance
35
Q

tenosynovitis of wrist

A
  • extensor carpi radialis longus or brevis (“trigger finger” = secondary complication)
  • repetitive wrist acceleration and decelerations
  • S&S: pain with active use and passive stretch; tenderness and swelling
36
Q

management of wrist tendinitis and tenosynovitis

A
  • acute pain and inflammation: ice massage, NSAIDs and rest
  • wrist splint to protect tendons

After pain and swelling subsides:

1) ROM exercises
2) strengthening exercises

37
Q

deQuervain’s syndrome

A
  • tenosynovitis of extensor pollicis brevis and abductor pollicis longus
  • tendons move through the same synovial sheath under extensor retinaculum
38
Q

S&S of deQuervain’s syndrome

A
  • aching pain, radiating into hand/forearm
  • increased pain with wrist movements
  • point tenderness and weakness with thumb extension and abduction
  • positive Finklestein’s test
39
Q

management of deQuervain’s syndrome

A
  • immobilization, rest, and anti-inflammatory meds

- ultrasound and ice massage

40
Q

game keeper’s thumb

A
  • sprain of the ulnar collateral ligament of the MCP joint of the thumb
  • common in skiers and tackle football
41
Q

MOI of game keeper’s thumb

A
  • forceful adduction of the proximal phalanx (and hyperextenison)
  • ex: fall while holding ski pole
42
Q

S&S of game keeper’s thumb

A
  • pain and swelling over UCL (medial aspect of thumb)

- pinching action weak and painful

43
Q

management of game keeper’s thumb

A
  • instability: surgical repair necessary for RTP

- stable: xray to rule out fracture, splint distal thumb to wrist in neutral and tape for RTP

44
Q

bennett’s fracture

A
  • fracture in the 1st MC just distal to the CMC joint of the thumb
  • axial and abduction force
  • pain and swelling over base of thumb
  • CMC deformity
  • requires surgical fixation
45
Q

boxer’s fracture

A

fracture of the 5th MC

  • axial or compressive force
  • pain and swelling in 5th MC - deformity
  • POLICE, reduction, and splint
46
Q

interphalangeal joint sprains

A
  • can affect DIP or PIP
  • excessive varus or valgus force
  • pain and swelling at joint
  • POLICE, xray
  • buddy taping or splint
47
Q

IP and MCP joint dislocations

A
  • twisting or shear force
  • angular or rotational deformity
  • pain and swelling over joint
  • POLICE, xray, reduction, splinting, protect for RTP
48
Q

mallet finger

A
  • rupture of extensor tendon from distal phalanx - can be avulsion
  • blow to tip of finger or jamming finger
  • pain in distal phalanx
  • unable to extend distal phalanx - DIP joint in approx. 30 deg flexion
  • POLICE and splint DIP in extension
49
Q

boutonniere deformity

A
  • rupture of the extensor tendon dorsal from middle phalanx
  • trauma to tip of finger
  • pain in distal phalanx
  • unable to extend distal phalanx
  • DIP forced into extension and PIP into flexion

-POLICE and splint PIP in extension

50
Q

swan neck deformity

A
  • tear of the volar plate from the middle phalanx
  • severe PIP hyperextension (MOI)
  • pain and swelling in PIP
  • PIP joint passively hyperextended compared to other PIP joints
  • DIP flexion and PIP hyperextension

-POLICE and splint PIP in slight flexion

51
Q

jersey finger

A
  • rupture or avulsion of the flexor digitorum profundus tendon from its distal insertion on the distal phalanx
  • most often ring finger
  • grabbing an opponent’s jersey
  • pain over distal phalanx
  • DIP joint cannot be flexed
  • finger in extended position
  • weakness in grip strength
  • surgical repair

KIN 3160 (10 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions