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Gross Anatomy Block 1 > Wrist And Hand > Flashcards

Wrist And Hand Flashcards

1
Q
  1. What muscle serves as the muscle insertion into skin?

2. Where does it come from?

A
  1. Palmaris brevis

2. From flexor retinaculum and palmar aponeurosis

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2
Q

Where does the sensory nerve supply of the palm of the hand come from? (2 nerves)

A

Palmar cutaneous branches of both the median and ulnar nerve

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3
Q

Sensory innervation of the skin on the dorsum of the hand? (3 nerves)

A

Superficial branch of the radial nerve, posterior cutaneous branch of the ulnar nerve, and palmer digital branches of median nerve

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4
Q

Look at cutaneous innervation of hand note and label which nerve innervates which color

  1. Green?
  2. Orange?
  3. Blue?
A
  1. Ulnar nerve
  2. Radial nerve
  3. Median nerve
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5
Q

Blood supply to the hand?

A 
Radial artery (lateral)
Ulnar artery (medial)
Superficial and deep arch vessels in hand
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6
Q

What two veins drain the dorsal venous arch?

A

Cephalic vein (lateral side) and basilic vein (medial side)

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7
Q
  1. The superficial and deep palmar venous arches drain into what two veins?
  2. These two veins merge at the ___ to form ____
A
  1. Radial and ulna veins

2. Merge at the cubital fossa to form brachial veins

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8
Q

Why is carpal tunnel common in pregnant women?

A

Fluid retention during pregnancy can cause the flexor retinaculum to be unable to expand, thus median nerve can get compressed

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9
Q
  1. Palmar aponeurosis runs from where to where? (Proximal to distal)
  2. Function?
A
  1. Distal border of flexor retinaculum to base of the fingers
  2. Provides attachment to skin and helps improve grip
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10
Q

Tendons of what three muscles make up the anatomical snuff box?

A

Extensor pollicis longus, extensor pollicis brevis, and abductor pollicis longus

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11
Q
  1. ____ of the median nerve lies in the palm of the hand
  2. This is the nerve to muscles of ___
  3. What 2 arterial arches are located in the central part of the palm?
A
  1. Recurrent branch
  2. Thenar eminence
  3. Superficial and deep palmar arterial arch
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12
Q
  1. 1st metacarpal is on what finger?

2. 3 components of a metacarpal from proximal to distal

A
  1. Thumb

2. Base, shaft, head

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13
Q

Common synovial sheath is different from flexor retinaculum because it runs from where to where?

Function?

A

Common synovial sheath runs from metacarpal heads to the base of the distal phalanges

Allow the long tendons of the flexors to move with minimal friction beneath the flexor retinaculum (which is across wrist like from thumb to pinky)

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14
Q
  1. Synovial sheaths run through?
  2. Which tendon is contained in this tunnel for the thumb?
  3. Which tendons are contained in this tunnel for other 4 fingers?
A
  1. Osteofibrous tunnels
  2. Tendon of the flexor pollicis longus
  3. Flexor digitorum superficialis and profundus
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15
Q
  1. The carpal tunnel is formed by?
  2. Flexor retinaculum runs from what bone to what bone?
  3. What 4 things are contained in the carpal tunnel?
A
  1. The concavity of the carpal bones and flexor retinaculum
  2. Scaphoid/trapezium to pisiform/hook of the hamate
  3. Median nerve, flexor pollicis longus tendon, and tendons of the flexor digitorum superficialis and profundus
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16
Q

What 3 things are contained in the anatomical snuff box?

A

Radial artery, branch of radial nerve, and cephalic vein

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17
Q
  1. What is the most commonly fractured carpal bone and how would a fracture of this bone present itself?
  2. Fracture of this bone may cause what?
A
  1. Scaphoid bone; pain in the snuff box

2. Interruption of its ‘retrograde’ blood supply which could lead to avascular necrosis

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18
Q

What tendons are located in each of the 6 compartments on the dorsum of the hand? (Compartments are located by wrist)

A

Compartment 1= extensor pollicis brevis and abductor pollicis longus

2= extensor carpi radialis longus and brevis

3= extensor pollicis longus

4= extensor digitorum and extensor indicis

5= extensor digiti minimi

6= extensor carpi ulnaris

19
Q

What is listers tubercle?

A

Bony prominence of radius that separates compartments 2 and 3

20
Q

Difference in location between extrinsic and intrinsic hand muscles?

A

Extrinsic means they originate outside of hand but insert into the hand; intrinsic originates inside the hand

21
Q
  1. 4 muscles that make up the thenar eminence?
  2. 3 muscles that make up the hypothenar eminence?
  3. All muscles of the hypothenar eminence are innervated by?
A
  1. Abductor pollicis brevis, flexor pollicis brevis, opponens pollicis, tendon of flexor pollicis longus
  2. Abductor digiti minimi, flexor digiti minimi, opponens digiti minimi
  3. Deep branch of the ulnar nerve
22
Q
  1. The 4 short muscles of the thumb?

2. 3 short muscles of the pinky?

A
  1. The 3 muscles that form the thenar eminence + adductor pollicis (not part of thenar eminence because it doesnt originate from thenar side)
  2. The same 3 muscles that make up the hypothenar eminence
23
Q

Abductor pollicis brevis

Origin
Insertion
Innervation
Action

A

O- flexor retinaculum, trapezium, scaphoid

I- radial side of base of 1st proximal phalanx

Inn- median nerve

A- abduction of 1st CMC and MCP joint

24
Q

Adductor pollicis

Origin
Insertion
Innervation
Action

A

O- capitate and base of 2nd and 3rd metacarpal

I- ulnar side of base of 1st proximal phalanx

Inn- ulnar nerve

A- adduction of 1st CMC and MCP joints; opposition

25
Q

Flexor pollicis brevis

Origin
Insertion
Innervation
Action

A

O- flexor retinaculum, trapezoid, capitate

I- radial side of base of 1st proximal phalanx

Inn- median and ulnar nerve

A- flexion of 1st CMC and MCP joints; opposition

26
Q

Opponens pollicis

Origin
Insertion
Innervation
Action

A

O- flexor retinaculum and trapezium

I- 1st metacarpal shaft

Inn- median nerve

A- thumb opposition

27
Q

Abductor digiti minimi

Origin
Insertion
Innervation
Action

A

O- flexor carpi ulnaris tendon and pisiform

I- ulnar side of base of 5th proximal phalanx

Inn- ulnar nerve

A- abduction of 5th finger

28
Q

Flexor digiti minimi

Origin
Insertion
Innervation
Action

A

O- hook of hamate

I- ulnar side of 5th proximal phalanx

Inn- ulnar nerve

A- flexion of 5th MCP joint; opposition

29
Q

Opponens digiti minimi

Origin
Insertion
Innervation
Action

A

O- flexor retinaculum and hook of hamate

I- ulnar side of shaft of 5th metacarpal

Inn- ulnar nerve

A- opposition of 5th finger

30
Q

3 muscle groups that are considered the small muscles of the hand

A 
Lumbricals (4)
Palmar interossei (3)
Dorsal interossei (4)
31
Q

Lumbricals (there are 4; first one is on pointer finger - 4th is on pinky)

Origin
Insertion
Innervation
Action

A

Origin- palmar: on radial side of flexor profundus tendons of fingers 2-5

Insertion- radial border of extensor tendons of respective tendons

Innervation- 1st and 2nd= median nerve; 3rd and 4th= ulnar nerve (deep branch)

Action- flexion of MCP joints and extension of PIP and DIP joints

32
Q

Palmar interossei

Origin
Insertion
Innervation
Action

A

O- second, fourth, and fifth metacarpals (2nd is ulnar border; 4th and 5th at radial border)

I- proximal phalanx of related finger (on same side as origin)

Inn- deep branch of ulnar nerve

A- adduction of 2nd 4th and 5th fingers, flexion at MCP and extension at IP

33
Q

Dorsal interossei

Origin
Insertion
Innervation
Action

A

O- adjacent sides of all metacarpals (2-4)

I- proximal phalanx of related finger

Inn- deep branch of ulnar nerve

A- abduction of fingers 2-4, flexion at MCP, extension at IP

34
Q

Median nerve innervates what hand muscles?

Median nerve cutaneous branches innervate?

A

3 muscles of thenar eminence and 1st and 2nd lumbricals

Palmar aspect of the lateral 3 1/2 fingers and distal part of the dorsal aspect of same fingers

35
Q

The deep branch of the ulnar nerve innervates what muscles?

A

3 hypothenar muscles, palmar and dorsal interossei, 3rd and 4th lumbrical muscles, and adductor pollicis

36
Q
  1. Deep branch of ulnar nerve passes between what two muscles?
  2. What muscle does it pierce before it passes within the deep palmar arch?
A
  1. Abductor digiti minimi and flexor digiti minimi

2. Opponens digiti minimi

37
Q

Ulnar artery enters hand __ to the flexor retinaculum

Its gives off the deep palmar branch and then continues into palm as____

A

Superior

Superior palmar arch

38
Q

Superficial palmar arch gives off the palmar digital arteries that supply?

A

The medial side of the index finger, and both sides of the middle, ring, and little fingers

39
Q

The radial artery leaves dorsum of hand by passing between the two heads of what muscle?

It then passes between the two heads of what muscle

A

1st dorsal interosseous

Adductor pollicis

40
Q

What artery mainly contributes to the deep palmar arch?

Superficial palmar arch?

A

Radial

Ulnar

41
Q
  1. Name the 3 palmar fascial spaces of the hand

2. 3 dorsal fascial spaces

A
  1. Midpalmar, thenar spaces, pulp space of fingers

2. Dorsal subcutaneous space, dorsal subtendinous space, space of Parona

42
Q

When midpalmar space is infected, where do you drain the pus from?

What about if thenar space is infected?

A

3rd and 4th web spaces

1st web space

43
Q

Clinical significance of pulp space?

A

Whitlow

44
Q

Location of the following:

  1. Dorsal subcutaneous space
  2. Dorsal subtendinous space
  3. Space of parona
A
  1. Immediately deep to the loose skin of the dorsum of the hand
  2. Between metacarpals and extensor tendons
  3. Deep in the lower part of forearm just above the wrist

Gross Anatomy Block 1 (12 decks)

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