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Gross Anatomy Block 1 > Forearm > Flashcards

Forearm Flashcards

1
Q
  1. Proximal and distal articulations of the radius

2. Proximal and distal articulations of the ulna

A
  1. Proximal= humerus at elbow joint and ulna at radioulna joint
    Distal= scaphoid and lunate bones, and ulna at distal radioulna joint
  2. Proximal= humerus at elbow joint and head of the radius at radioulna joint
    Distal= articulates with radius at distal radioulna joint (does not take place in wrist formation)
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2
Q

Colles and smith fractures result from?

What does it cause

Difference between colles and smith

A

Fracture of the distal end of the radius from falling on an outstretched hand

Causes “dinner fork deformity” (posterior bump)

Colles and smith are reverse: colles= distal fragment is displaced anteriorly; smith= distal fragment is displaced posteriorly

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3
Q

What is the deep fascia that keeps the long flexor tendons in position at the wrist called?

Median nerve can be compressed at this level causing?

Deep fascia that keeps the extensor tendons in alignment is called?

A

Flexor retinaculum

Carpal tunnel syndrome

Extensor retinaculum

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4
Q

Pronator Teres

Origin
Insertion
Innervation
Action

A

Origin- medial epicondyle, medial border of coronoid process, and medial supracondylar ridge

Insertion- lateral surface of radial shaft (pronator tuberosity)

Innervation- median nerve

Action- pronation and flexion of forearm

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5
Q

Flexor carpi radialis

Origin
Insertion
Innervation
Action

A

Origin- medial epicondyle, adjoining deep fascia

Insertion- palmar surface of base of second and third metacarpal bones

Innervation- median nerve

Action- flexor of wrist, abduction of wrist

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6
Q

Palmaris longus

Origin
Insertion
Innervation
Action

A

Origin- medial epicondyle of humerus

Insertion- flexor retinaculum

Innervation- median nerve

Action- weak flexor of wrist

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7
Q

Flexor carpi ulnaris

Origin
Insertion
Innervation
Action

A

Origin- medial epicondyle of humerus, medial margin of olecranon process and 2/3 of posterior border of ulna

Insertion- pisiform bone, hook of hamate and 5th metacarpal bone

Innervation- ulnar nerve

Action- flexor of wrist, adduction of wrist

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8
Q

Flexor digitorum superificialis (intermediate layer)

Origin
Insertion
Innervation
Action

A

Origin- medial epicondyle, medial aspect of coronoid process, anterior oblique line of radius

Insertion- middle phalanx of medial four fingers

Innervation- median nerve

Action- flexion of middle phalanx at proximal interphalangeal joint, flexion of metacarpophalangeal joint and wrist joint (in prolonged contraction)

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9
Q

Flexor pollicis longus (deep flexor)

Origin
Insertion
Innervation
Action

A

Origin- anterior surface of shaft of radius below anterior oblique line; adjoining interossesous membrane

Insertion- palmer surface of base of distal phalanx of thumb

Innervation- median nerve

Action- flexor of thumb, flexor of hand at wrist joint

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10
Q

Flexor digitorum profundus (deep flexor)

Origin
Insertion
Innervation
Action

A

Origin- upper 3/4 of ulnar shaft

Insertion- palmar surface of base of distal phalanx of medial four fingers

Innervation- medial part of little and ring finger= ulnar nerve; lateral part of index and middle fingers= median nerve

Action- flexes distal phalanx of medial 4 fingers, flexes middle and proximal phalanges, and flexes hand at wrist joint

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11
Q

Pronator Quadratus

Origin
Insertion
Innervation
Action

A

Origin- lower 1/4 of ulna

Insertion- lower 1/4 of radius and adjoining anterior border of radius

(This muscle runs horizontally)

Innervation- median nerve

Action- pronates the forearm

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12
Q
  1. Ulna artery is deep to what muscle in the upper part of the forearm?
  2. Radial artery is covered by what muscle in the upper part of the forearm?
A
  1. Both heads of the pronator teres

2. Brachioradialis

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13
Q
  1. Median nerve rests on what muscle?

2. What 4 forearm muscles does the median nerve innervate? (Hint: all on flexor side)

A
  1. Brachialis

2. Pronator teres, flexor digitorum superficialis, palmaris longus, flexor carpi radialis

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14
Q
  1. Ulnar nerve enters the forearm by passing between both heads of what muscle?
  2. Ulnar nerve is accompanied by what for most of its course in the forearm?
  3. What two muscles does it innervate?
A
  1. Flexor carpi ulnaris
  2. Ulnar artery
  3. Flexor carpi ulnaris and medial half of the flexor digitorum profundus
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15
Q

Brachioradialis

Origin
Insertion
Innervation
Action

A

Origin- upper part of lateral supracondylar ridge of humerus

Insertion- base of styloid process of radius

Innervation- radial nerve

Action- flexion of forearm at elbow joint; supination of forearm

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16
Q

Extensor carpi radialis longus

Origin
Insertion
Innervation
Action

A

Origin- lateral supracondylar ridge of humerus

Insertion- posterior surface of base of second metacarpal bone

Innervation- radial nerve

Action- extension of hand at wrist joint; abduction of hand at wrist joint

17
Q

Extensor carpi radialis brevis

Origin
Insertion
Innervation
Action

A

Origin- lateral epicondyle of humerus

Insertion- posterior surface of base of third metacarpal bone

Innervation- deep branch of radial nerve

Action- extension of hand at wrist joint; abduction of hand at wrist joint

18
Q

Extensor digitorum

Origin
Insertion
Innervation
Action

A

Origin- lateral epicondyle of humerus

Insertion- middle and distal phalanges of medial 4 fingers

Innervation- deep branch of radial nerve

Action- extension of hand at wrist joint; extension of proximal, middle and distal phalanges of medial four digits

19
Q

Extensor digiti minimi

Origin
Insertion
Innervation
Action

A

Origin- lateral epicondyle of humerus

Insertion- extensor expansion of little finger

Innervation- deep branch of radial nerve

Action- extension of the hand at wrist joint; extension of proximal, middle, and distal phalanges of little finger

20
Q

Extensor carpi ulnaris

Origin
Insertion
Innervation
Action

A

Origin- lateral epicondyle; posterior border of the shaft of ulna

Insertion- base of 5th metacarpal bone

Innervation- deep branch of radial nerve

Action- extends and adducts hand at wrist

21
Q

Anconeus

Origin
Insertion
Innervation
Action

A

Origin- lateral epicondyle

Insertion- lateral surface of olecranon process of ulna; upper part of posterior surface of the shaft of ulna

Innervation- radial nerve

Action- extends elbow joint

22
Q

Supinator

Origin
Insertion
Innervation
Action

A

Origin- lateral epicondyle; annular ligament of proximal radioulnar joint; and ulna

Insertion- neck and shaft of radius

Innervation- deep branch of radial nerve

Action- supination of forearm

23
Q

Abductor pollicis longus

Origin
Insertion
Innervation
Action

A

Origin- posterior surface of shafts of radius and ulna

Insertion- base of first metacarpal bone

Innervation- deep branch of radial nerve

Action- abducts and extends the thumb

24
Q

Extensor pollicis brevis

Origin
Insertion
Innervation
Action

A

Origin- posterior surface of shaft of radius

Insertion- base of proximal phalanx of thumb

Innervation- deep branch of radial nerve

Action- extends metacarpophalangeal joints of thumb

25
Q

Extensor pollicis longus

Origin
Insertion
Innervation
Action

A

Origin- posterior surface of shaft of ulna

Insertion- base of distal phalanx of thumb

Innervation- deep branch of radial nerve

Action- extends distal phalanx of thumb

26
Q

Extensor indicis

Origin
Insertion
Innervation
Action

A

Origin- posterior surface of shaft of ulna

Insertion- extensor expansion of index finger

Innervation- deep branch of radial nerve

Action- extends metacarpophalangeal joint of index finger

27
Q
  1. What artery participates in the arterial anastomosis around the elbow joint?
  2. What branch give off this artery?
A
  1. Interosseous recurrent artery

2. Recurrent branch

28
Q

What muscle does the radial nerve pierce before it winds around the neck of the radius?

A

Supinator

29
Q
  1. Location where does the radial nerve divide into superficial and deep branches?
  2. When the deep branch of the radial nerve comes to lie against the interosseous membrane, its name changes to?
A
  1. Anterior to the lateral epicondyle

2. Posterior interosseous nerve

Gross Anatomy Block 1 (12 decks)

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