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템 > Wrist and Hand > Flashcards

Wrist and Hand Flashcards

1
Q

How many carpal bones make up the wrist?

A

8

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2
Q

How many metacarpals are present in the hand?

A

5

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3
Q

How many bones are present in the phalanges (fingers)?

A

14

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4
Q

The lunate and scaphoid have a major articulation with which bone(s) of the forearm?

A

Just the radius, the ulna does not have a major articulation with the carpal bones

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5
Q

What condition is characterized by thickening of the fibrous tissue underneath the skin of the palm and has a painless presentation?

A

Dupuytren’s contracture

[see wrinkles at creases when fingers are flexed; progressive-can reach the point of restricting opening the hand]

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6
Q

What are the causes of Dupuytren’s contracture?

A

Unknown; but it has been associated with alcohol, diabetes, and aging

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7
Q

What movements are possible at the digits?

A

Flexion and extension of MP joint

Flexion and extension of IP joints

Abduction and adduction

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8
Q

What movements are possible at the thumb?

A

Extension/flexion

Adduction/abduction

Opposition

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9
Q

There are several synovial sheaths associated with the hand; they cover the tendons of which muscles?

A

Flexor digitorum superficialis m.

Flexor digitorum profundus m.

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10
Q

The 5th digital synovial sheath is continuous with the ______ ______

A

Ulnar bursa

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11
Q

What are the intrinsic muscle groups of the hand?

A 
4 thenar mm.
3 hypothenar mm.
Lumbricals
Palmar interosseous mm.
Dorsal interosseous mm.
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12
Q

What constitutes the midline of the hand?

A

The middle finger

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13
Q

What innervates most of the thenar muscle of the hand?

A

Recurrent branch of median n.

[deep head of flexor pollicis brevis is innervated by the deep ulnar n.; adductor pollicis oblique and transverse heads are innervated by deep ulnar n.]

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14
Q

What muscles make up the thenar group of the hand?

A

Abductor pollicis brevis m.
Opponens pollicis m.
Flexor pollicis brevis m.
Adductor pollicis m.

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15
Q

Origin of abductor pollicis brevis m.

A

Flexor retinaculum and tubercles of scaphoid and trapezium

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16
Q

Insertion of abductor pollicis brevis m.

A

Lateral side base of proximal phalanx of thumb

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17
Q

Action of abductor pollicis brevis m.

A

Abducts thumb; aids in opposition

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18
Q

Innervation of abductor pollicis brevis m.

A

Recurrent branch of median n.

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19
Q

Origin of opponens pollicis m.

A

Flexor retinaculum and tubercles of scaphoid and trapezium

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20
Q

Insertion of opponens pollicis m.

A

Lateral 1st metacarpal

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21
Q

Action of opponens pollicis m.

A

Oppose thumb; rotate medially

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22
Q

Innervation of opponens pollicis m.

A

Recurrent branch of median n.

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23
Q

Which thenar muscle of the hand has 2 heads on either side of the flexor pollicis longus as well as a sesamoid bone in its tendon?

A

Flexor pollicis brevis m.

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24
Q

Origin of the superficial head of the flexor pollicis brevis m.

A

Flexor retinaculum and tubercle of trapezium

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25
Insertion of the superficial head of the flexor pollicis brevis m.
Lateral side of base of proximal phalanx of thumb
26
Action of the superficial head of the flexor pollicis brevis m.
Flexes thumb
27
Origin of the deep head of the flexor pollicis brevis m.
Trapezoid and capitate
28
Innervation of the superficial head of the flexor pollicis brevis m.
Recurrent branch of median n.
29
Insertion of the deep head of the flexor pollicis brevis m.
Lateral side of base of proximal phalanx of thumb
30
Action of the deep head of the flexor pollicis brevis m.
Flexes thumb
31
Innervation of the deep head of the flexor pollicis brevis m.
Deep branch of ulnar n.
32
T/F: the adductor pollicis m. may have a sesamoid bone in its tendon
True
33
What are the 2 heads associated with adductor pollicis m.?
Oblique head | Transverse head
34
What innervates both heads of the adductor pollicis m.?
Deep ulnar n.
35
Origin of oblique head of adductor pollicis m.
Capitate and base of 2nd and 3rd metacarpal
36
Insertion of oblique head of adductor pollicis m.
On medial side proximal phalanx of thumb
37
Action of oblique head adductor pollicis m.
Adducts thumb
38
Origin of transverse head of adductor pollicis m.
Palmar ridge of 3rd metacarpal
39
Insertion of transverse head of adductor pollicis m.
Joining tendon of oblique head
40
Action of transverse head of adductor pollicis m.
Adducts thumb
41
Origin of abductor digiti minimi m.
Pisiform
42
Insertion of abductor digiti minimi m.
Medial base of proximal phalanx of 5th digit
43
Action of abductor digiti minimi m.
Abducts 5th digit; assists flexion
44
Origin of flexor digiti minimi brevis m.
Hook of hamate and flexor retinaculum
45
Insertion of flexor digiti minimi brevis m.
Medial base of proximal phalanx of 5th digit
46
Action of flexor digiti minimi brevis m.
Flexes proximal phalanx of 5th digit
47
Origin of opponens digiti minimi m.
Hook of hamate and flexor retinaculum
48
Insertion of opponens digiti minimi m.
Medial 5th metacarpal
49
Action of opponens digiti minimi m.
Brings opposition to thumb
50
What nerve innervates all of the hypothenar muscles?
Ulnar n.
51
Lumbricals are considered deep intrinsic muscles of the hand; how many lumbrical muscles are there?
4
52
T/F: The lumbrical muscles contribute to the extensor hood/extensor expansion, but the interosseous muscles do not
False; both the lumbricals and PADs and DABs contribute to the extensor hood/expansion
53
Origin of lumbrical muscles
Off flexor digitorum profundus m.
54
Insertion of lumbrical mm.
Side of extensor hood
55
Action of lumbrical mm.
Flexion at MCP, extension at PIP and DIP joints
56
What innervates each of the 4 lumbrical mm.?
1st and 2nd = median n. 3rd and 4th = deep branch of ulnar n.
57
Which lumbricals often arise by 2 heads?
The 3rd and 4th
58
Origin of palmar interosseous mm.
Palmar surfaces of metacarpals 2, 4, and 5
59
How many palmar interosseous mm. are there?
3
60
Insertion of palmar interosseous mm.
Bases of proximal phalanges
61
Innervation of palmar interosseous mm.
Deep ulnar n.
62
Action of palmar interosseous mm.
Adduction of digits to midline
63
How many dorsal interosseous mm. are there?
4
64
Origin of dorsal interosseous mm.
Adjacent sides of two metacarpals
65
Insertion of dorsal interosseous mm.
Base of proximal phalanges
66
Innervation of dorsal interosseous mm.
Deep ulnar n.
67
Action of dorsal interosseous mm.
abduction of digits away from midline
68
What artery contributes to the deep palmar arch?
Radial a. [radial a. also gives off superficial palmar branch of radial a.]
69
What artery contributes to the superficial palmar arch?
Ulnar a.
70
What are the 2 major branches of the deep palmar arch?
Princeps pollicis a. | Radialis indicis a.
71
What is the major branch of the superficial palmar arch and what arteries does this give off?
Common palmar digital a. Gives of proper palmar digital aa.
72
What 2 arteries make up the dorsal carpal arch responsible for supplying the dorsal aspect of the hand?
Radial a. | Anterior interosseous a. (Ulnar a. branch)
73
What 2 nerves supply the majority of the cutaneous innervation to the dorsal aspect of the hand?
Ulnar n. to medial hand (5th digit and part of 4th) Radial n. to remainder [there is some innervation to finger tips on dorsal side from median n.]
74
What 2 nerves supply the majority of the cutaneous innervation to the palmar aspect of the hand?
Median n. to lateral hand including digits 1, 2, 3, and part of 4 Ulnar n. to medial hand including digit 5 and part of 4 [radial n. has small area in sub-thenar region]
75
What are the intrinsic muscles in the dorsal hand?
There are none! Dorsal interosseous mm. are innervated by the palmar side ulnar branches
76
T/F: the only innervation on dorsum of hand is sensory
True
77
Origin/insertion/innervation/action: Abductor pollicis brevis m.
Origin: flexor retinaculum and tubercles of scaphoid and trapezium Insertion: lateral side base of proximal phalanx of thumb Innervation: recurrent br. of median n. Action: abduct thumb, aids in opposition
78
Origin/insertion/innervation/action: Opponens pollicis m.
Origin: flexor retinaculum and tubercles of scaphoid and trapezium Insertion: lateral 1st metacarpal Innervation: recurrent br. of median n. Action: oppose thumb/rotate medially
79
Origin/insertion/innervation/action: Flexor pollicis brevis m. (Superficial head)
Origin: flexor retinaculum and tubercle of trapezium Insertion: lateral side of base of proximal phalanx of thumb Innervation: recurrent branch of median n. Action: flexes thumb
80
Origin/insertion/innervation/action: Flexor pollicis brevis m. (Deep head)
Origin: trapezoid and capitate Insertion: lateral side of base of proximal phalanx of thumb Innervation: deep branch of ulnar n. Action: flexes thumb
81
Origin/insertion/innervation/action: Adductor pollicis m. (Oblique head)
Origin: capitate and base of 2nd and 3rd metacarpal Insertion: on medial side proximal phalanx of thumb Innervation: deep ulnar n. Action: adducts thumb
82
Origin/insertion/innervation/action: Adductor pollicis m. (Transverse head)
Origin: palmar ridge of 3rd metacarpal Insertion: joining tendon of oblique head Innervation: deep ulnar n. Action: adducts thumb
83
Origin/insertion/innervation/action: Abductor digiti minimi m.
Origin: pisiform Insertion: medial base of proximal phalanx of 5th digit Innervation: ulnar n. Action: abducts 5th digit, assists flexion
84
Origin/insertion/innervation/action: Flexor digiti minimi brevis m.
Origin: hook of hamate and flexor retinaculum Insertion: medial base of proximal phalanx of 5th digit Innervation: ulnar n. Action: flexes proximal phalanx of 5th digit
85
Origin/insertion/innervation/action: Opponens digiti minimi m.
Origin: hook of hamate and flexor retinaculum Insertion: medial 5th metacarpal Innervation: ulnar n. Action: brings opposition to thumb
86
Origin/insertion/innervation/action: Lumbrical mm.
Origin: flexor digitorum profundus m. Insertion: side of extensor hood Innervation: 1st and 2nd are median n.; 3rd and 4th are deep br. ulnar n. Action: flex at MCP, extend PIP and DIP joints
87
Origin/insertion/innervation/action: Palmar interosseous mm. (3)
Origin: palmar surfaces of metacarpals 2, 4, and 5 Insertion: bases of proximal phalanges Innervation: deep ulnar n. Action: PAD (adduction)
88
Origin/insertion/innervation/action: Dorsal interosseous mm. (4)
Origin: adjacent sides of 2 metacarpals Insertion: base of proximal phalanges Innervation: deep ulnar n. Action: DAB (abduction)

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