wrist and hand

Question 1

functions and types of manipulation tasks (5 taxonomy)

Answer 1

Precision movemets for hand functions, eg. Catching, typing, writing, play guitar.

• Non-Contact / Contact
• Prehensile (grasp/grip)/ Non-prehensile
• No motion eg. Hold tray/ Motion eg. Open door
• Motion within hand eg. writing / Motion not within hand eg. Cleaning a surface
• Motion at contact / No motion at contact

Question 2

difficulties of hand movements and how our body overcomes this

Answer 2

• Hand tasks require many complex variations and precision
• Muscles in the hand create movements across multiple joints
• Some muscles move multiple digits
• How much control we have over muscles
• How muscles work together as synergists and fixators
• How much feedback we get from muscles and skin (proprioceptive info to brain)

Question 3

bones of wrist and hands

Answer 3

1- radius and ulna (can palpate ulna and radial styloid on
either side)
2- carpals (8) (some- scaphoid, lovers-lunate, try-
triquetrum, positions-pisiform, they- trapezium and
trapezoid, cannot- capitate handle- hamate)
2 banks of 4, list is lateral to medial in order
3- 5 metacarpals (1 is thumb, 5 is pinky)
4- 5 proximal phalanges
5- 4 intermediate phalanges (only 4 as thumb only has 2)
6- 5 distal phalanges

Question 4

joints of wrist and hand

(structure and movements)

Answer 4

Radiocarpal joint (radius and proximal row of carpals) -
- a Condyloid joint (shallow b+s)
- flexion-extension, ulnar or radial deviation,
Intercarpal joints (between carpals)-
- Little movement (supports/contributes to flexion and
extension)
Carpometacarpal joints (Distal row of carpals and metacarpals)-
- Joint 1 with thumb- is a saddle joint (with trapezium)
allowing the 3 movements-
- Opposition- thumbs and pinky some towards another
- Flexion- thumb across palm, extension- thumb up
- Abduction adduction- thumb away perpendicular to
hand or back towards
- 2nd-5th with fingers (2 with trapezoid, 3 with capitate, 4
and 5 with hamate)- plane joints, limited movements
(hand shaping and flexion, extension)
Metacarpophalangeal joints-
- Metacarpals to phalanges
- Each is a condyloid joint (convex ball or metacarpal,
concave base of proximal phalanx) allowing flex,
extension, add, abduction (middle finger can abduct to
either side as it’s the midline), circumduction
Proximal interphalangeal joints and Distal ip joints-
- All hinge joints allowing flex extend
- (Thumb only has 1 ip joint)