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functional anatomy > FA- UL muscles > Flashcards

FA- UL muscles Flashcards

1
Q

decending (upper) trapezius

A

a=. scapula- elevation, retraction (alongside all traps),
upward rotation (alongside lower traps + serratus
anterior)
neck- bilateral contraction=extension
unilateral contraction= ipsilateral lateral
flexion, contralateral rotation
o= nuchal line, nuchal ligament, occipital protuberance
ins= lateral third of clavicle
inn= accessory nerve/CN XI (C6-7) and anterior rami of
spinal nerves C3-4

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2
Q

transverse (middle) trapezius

A

a= scapula- retraction
o= spinous processes C7-T3
ins= acromion, superior spine of scapula
inn= accessory nerve/CN XI (C6-7) and anterior rami of
spinal nerves C3-4

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3
Q

ascending (lower) trapezius

A

a= scapula- depression, retraction (alongside all traps),
upward rotation (alongside upper traps + serratus
anterior)
o= spinous processes T5-12
ins= medial scapular spine
inn= accessory nerve/CN XI (C6-7) and anterior rami of
spinal nerves C3-4

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4
Q

levator scapulae

A

a= scapula- elevation
neck- unilateral contraction= ipsilateral lateral flexion
bilateral contraction= extension
o= transverse processes C1-4
ins= medial border of scapula
inn= Anterior rami of nerves C3 and C4, dorsal scapular
nerve (C5)

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5
Q

rhomboids (minor and major)

A

a= scapula- retraction, stability
connects pectoral girdle
o= min- spinous processes C7-T1
maj- spinous processes T2-5
ins= min- medial end of scapula spine
maj- medial border of scapula
inn=dorsal scapula nerve (C4-5)

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6
Q

subclavius

A

a= stabilise pectoral girdle during GHJ movements
o= costal cartilage of 1st rib
ins= inferior surface of middle third of clavicle
inn= subclavian nerve (C5-6)

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7
Q

pectoralis minor

A

a= scapula- protraction, depression, stability
o= anterior surface of ribs 3-5
ins= coracoid process
inn= Medial and lateral pectoral nerves (C5-T1)

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8
Q

pectoralis major

A

a= scapula- depression, protraction
shoulder- adduction, horizontal adduction, medial
rotation, flexion (clavicular head), extension
(sternocostal head)
o= Clavicular part- medial half of clavicle
Sternocostal part- manubrium of sternum,
Costal cartilages ribs 1-6
Abdominal part- Anterior layer of rectus sheath
ins= coracoid process
inn= Lateral and medial pectoral nerves (C5-T1)

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9
Q

serratus anterior

A

a= scapula- protraction, upward rotation (alongside
upper + lower traps), keeps scapula on thoracic cage.
o= ribs 1-9
ins= medial border of scapula
inn= Long thoracic nerve (C5- C7)

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10
Q

supraspinatus

A

a= shoulder- abduction, stabilise head of humerus in
glenoid fossa
o= supraspinatous fossa of scapula
ins= greater tuberosity of humerus
inn= suprascapular nerve (C5-6)

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11
Q

middle fibres of deltoid

A

a= shoulder- abduction past initial 15degrees
o= acromion of scapula
ins= deltoid tuberosity of humerus
inn= axillary nerve

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12
Q

latissimus dorsi

A

a= shoulder- internal rotation, adduction, extension
assist respiration
o= inferior angle of scapula, ribs 9-12, spinous processes
T7-12, thoracolumbar fascia, posterior third of iliac
crest
ins= intertubercular sulcus of humerus
inn= Thoracodorsal nerve (C6-C8)

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13
Q

teres major

A

a= shoulder- adduction, extension, internal rotation
o= inferior angle of scapula
ins= intertubercular sulcus of humerus
inn= Lower subscapular nerve (C5-C7)

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14
Q

anterior fibres od deltoid

A

a= shoulder- flexion, internal rotation, horizontal
adduction
o= lateral 1/3 of clavicle
ins= deltoid tuberosity of humerus
inn= axillary nerve (C5, C6)

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15
Q

posterior fibers of deltoid

A

a= shoulder- extension, lateral rotation, horizontal
abduction
o= spine of scapula
ins= deltoid tuberosity of humerus
inn= axillary nerve (C5-C6)

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16
Q

long head of biceps brachii

A

a= shoulder- weak flexion
elbow- flexion, supination
o= supraglenoid tubercle of scapula
ins= radial tuberosity of radius
inn= Musculocutaneous nerve (C5- C6)

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17
Q

short head of biceps brachii

A

a= shoulder- weak flexion
elbow- flexion, supination
o= apex of coracoid process of scapula
ins= radial tuberosity of radius
inn= Musculocutaneous nerve (C5- C6)

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18
Q

coracobrachialis

A

a= shoulder- adduction, flexion, horizontal adduction
o= coracoid process of scapula
ins= anetromedial surface of humeral shaft
inn= Musculocutaneous nerve (C5- C7)

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19
Q

long head of triceps brachii

A

a= elbow- extension
shoulder- extension, adduction
o= infraglenoid tubercle of scapula
ins= olecranon of ulna
inn= Radial nerve (C6-C8)

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20
Q

lateral head of triceps brachii

A

a= elbow- extension
shoulder- extension
o= posterior surface of the humerus (superior to radial groove)
ins= olecranon of ulna
inn= Radial nerve (C6-C8)

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21
Q

medial head of triceps brachii

A

a= elbow- extension
shoulder- extension
o= posterior surface of the humerus (inferior to radial groove
ins= olecranon of ulna
inn= Radial nerve (C6-C8)

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22
Q

subscapularis

A

a= shoulder- medial rotation, stabilise humerus head in
glenoid fossa
o= subscapular fossa of scapula
ins= lesser tubercle of humerus
inn= subscapular nerves (C5 - C6)

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23
Q

teres minor

A

a= shoulder- lateral rotation, adduction, stabilise
humerus head in glenoid fossa
o= Lateral border of scapula
ins= Greater tubercle of humerus
inn= Axillary nerve (C5, C6)

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24
Q

infraspinatus

A

a= shoulder- lateral rotation, horizontal abduction,
stabilise humerus head in glenoid fossa
o= infraspinous fossa of scapula
ins= Greater tubercle of humerus
inn= Suprascapular nerve (C5, C6)

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25
Q

brachialis

A

a= elbow- strong flexion
o= Distal half of anterior surface of humerus
ins= Coronoid process of the ulna
inn= Musculocutaneous nerve (C5,C6); Radial nerve (C7)

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26
Q

brachioradialis

A

a= elbow- flexion (when semi pronated)
o= Lateral supracondylar ridge of humerus
ins= above styloid process of radius
inn= Radial nerve (C5-C6)

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27
Q

anconeus

A

a= elbow- assits extension, stabilisation
o= posterior of Lateral epicondyle of humerus
ins= lateral surface of olecranon
inn= Radial nerve (C7-C8)

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28
Q

pronator quadratus

A

a= proximal radioulnar joint- pronation
o= Distal anterior surface of ulna
ins= Distal anterior surface of radius
inn= Median nerve (C7, C8)

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29
Q

pronator teres (2 heads)

A

a= proximal radioulnar joint- pronation
elbow- flexion
o= Humeral- medial supracondylar ridge of humerus
Ulnar- Coronoid process of ulna
ins= Lateral surface of radius below supinator
inn= Median nerve (C6, C7)

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30
Q

supinator

A

a= Proximal radioulnar joint- supination
o= lateral epicondyle of humerus, supinator crest of
ulna
ins= Lateral, posterior, and anterior surfaces of proximal
third of radius
inn= Posterior interosseous nerve (C7, C8)

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31
Q

flexor pollicis longus

A

a= thumb- flexion (metacarpophalangeal and
interphalangeal joint)
o= Anterior surface of radius and interosseous
membrane
ins= Palmar surface of distal phalanx of thumb
inn= Median nerve (C7, C8)

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32
Q

flexor digitorum profundus

A

a= finger- flexion (Metacarpophalangeal and interphalangeal joints 2-5)
o= Proximal half of anterior surface of ulna,
interosseous membrane
ins= Palmar surfaces of distal phalanges of digits 2-5
inn= Digits 2-3: Median nerve, 4-5: Ulnar nerve (C8, T1)

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33
Q

flexor digitorum superficialis (2 heads)

A

a= finger- flexion (Metacarpophalangeal and proximal interphalangeal joints 2-5)
o= Humeroulnar- Medial epicondyle of humerus,
coronoid process of ulna
Radial- Proximal half of anterior radius
ins= each side of middle phalanges of digits 2-5
inn= Median nerve (C8, T1)

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34
Q

flexor carpi radialis

A

a= Wrist- flexion, radial deviation
o= Medial epicondyle of humerus
ins= Bases of metacarpal bones 2-3
inn= Median nerve (C6, C7)

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35
Q

flexor carpi ulnaris

A

a= Wrist- flexion, ulnar deviation
o= Medial epicondyle of humerus, olecranon and
posterior ulna
ins= Pisiform, hamate, base of metacarpal 5
inn= Ulnar nerve (C7-T1)

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36
Q

palmaris longus

A

a= wrist- flexion
o= Medial epicondyle of humerus
ins= Flexor retinaculum, palmar aponeurosis
inn= Median nerve (C7, C8)

37
Q

extensor carpi radialis longus

A

a= wrist- extension, radial deviation
o= Lateral supracondylar ridge of humerus
ins= Posterior of base of metacarpal 2
inn= Radial nerve (C5-C8)

38
Q

extensor carpi radialis brevis

A

a= Wrist- extension, radial deviation
o= Lateral epicondyle of humerus (common extensor
tendon)
ins= Posterior of base of metacarpal 3
inn= Radial nerve (C5- C6)

39
Q

extensor digitorum

A

a= Finger 2-5- extension (Metacarpophalangeal + Interphalangeal joints 2-5)
o= Lateral epicondyle of humerus (common extensor
tendon)
ins= Extensor expansions of digits 2-5
inn= Posterior interosseous nerve (C7, C8)

40
Q

extensor digiti minimi

A

a= Finger 5- extension (Metacarpophalangeal joint 5)
o= Lateral epicondyle of humerus (common extensor
tendon)
ins= Extensor expansion of digit 5
inn= Posterior interosseous nerve (C7, C8)

41
Q

extensor carpi ulnaris

A

a= wrist- extension, ulnar deviation
o= Lateral epicondyle of humerus (common extensor
tendon)
ins= Base of metacarpal 5
inn= Posterior interosseous nerve (C7, C8)

42
Q

extensor indicis

A

a= index finger- extension (Metacarpophalangeal and
interphalangeal joints of index)
o= Posterior distal third of ulna, interosseus membrane
ins= Extensor expansion of index finger
inn= Posterior interosseous nerve (C7, C8)

43
Q

extensor pollicis longus

A

a= Thumb- extension (Metacarpophalangeal and
interphalangeal joint of thumb)
o= Posterior middle third of ulna and interosseus
membrane
ins= Posterior of base of distal phalanx of thumb
inn= Posterior interosseous nerve (C7, C8)

44
Q

extensor pollicis brevis

A

a= Thumb- extension (Carpometacarpal and
metacarpophalangeal joint 1)
o= Posterior distal third of radius and interosseus
membrane
ins= Posterior of base of proximal phalanx of thumb
inn= Posterior interosseous nerve (C7, C8)

45
Q

abductor pollicis longus

A

a= Thumb- abduction, extension (Carpometacarpal joint
of thumb)
o= Posterior proximal half of radius, ulna and
interosseus membrane
ins= Base of metacarpal bone 1, trapezium bone
inn= Posterior interosseous nerve (C7, C8)

46
Q

muscles in thenar eminence

A

flexor pollicis longus= thumb flexion
abductor pollicis brevis= thumb abduction
opponens pollicis= thumb opposition

47
Q

muscles in hypothenar eminence

A

flexor digiti minimi= pinky flexion
abductor digit minimi= pinky abduction
opponens digiti minimi= pinky opposition

48
Q

adductor of fingers + mechanism

A

palmar interossei-
1st= index, 2nd= 4th finger, 3rd= 5th finger

49
Q

abductors of fingers + mechanism

A

dorsal interossei-
1st= index, 2nd + 3rd= middle finger either side, 4th= 4th finger

50
Q

what do lumbricals do?

A

Metacarpophalangeal joints 2-5- Finger flexion
Interphalangeal joints 2-5- Finger extension

51
Q

diaphragm, internal intercostals and external intercostals during ventilation

A

Diaphragm- At the bottom of the rib cage, contracts and moves down, increasing the volume of the thoracic cavity, reducing pressure causing an inflow of air (inspiration). The diaphragm relaxes and moves up, reducing volume and increasing pressure in the thoracic cavity causing expiration.

Internal intercostal muscles- between ribs, pulling down and in causing further reduction of volume and higher pressure increasing volume of expired air during active expiration.

External intercostal muscles- lift rib cage up and out, increase volume, decrease pressure so air is drawn into lungs during inspiration. During rest, their recoil causes passive expiration

52
Q

Platysma

A

a= tense skin of lower face and anterior neck, and
depress mandible
o= clavicle region
Ins- lower border of mandible
inn- Cervical branch of facial nerve (CN VII)

53
Q

Sternocleidomastoid

A

A= bilateral contraction- causes cervical flexion and
elevation of clavicle and manubrium of sternum,
recruited during inspiration
- unilateral contraction- causes cervical ipsilateral
lateral flexion and contralateral rotation
O= sternal head- superior of anterior surface of sternum
clavicular head- superior surface of medial 1/3 of
clavicle
Ins= mastoid process
inn= Accessory nerve/CN XI (C6-C7), branches of cervical
plexus (C2-C3)

54
Q

Scalenes (3)

A

Anterior-
A= bilateral contraction = neck flexion
unilateral contraction= ipsilateral lateral flexion,
contralateral neck rotation, elevate rib 1 during
inspiration
O= transverse processes C3-6
Ins= superior border rib 1
inn= anterior rami of spinal nerves C4-C6

Middle-
A= neck lateral flexion, elevate rib 1
O= transverse processes C2-7
Ins= superior border rib 1
inn= anterior rami of spinal nerves C3-C8

Posterior-
A= neck lateral flexion, elevate rib 2
O= transverse processes C5-7
Ins= surface rib 1
inn= anterior rami of spinal nerves C6-C8

55
Q

Longus capitis

A

A= bilateral contraction= head flexion
unilateral contraction= ipsilateral head rotation
O= transverse processes C3-6
Ins= occipital bone
inn= Anterior rami of spinal nerves C1-C3

56
Q

Longus colli

A

A= small flexion of neck, mainly local stabilisers
maintaining stability of cervical spine, cervical
lordosis, head posture
O= C3-T3
Ins= C1-6
inn= Anterior rami of spinal nerves C2-C6

57
Q

Splenius (2)

A

Capitis-
O= spinous process C7-T3
ins= occipital bone and mastoid process
inn= posterior rami of spinal nerves C2-C3

Cervicis-
O= spinous process T3-T6
Ins= transverse process C1-C3
inn= posterior rami of lower cervical spinal nerves

a= unilateral= ipsilateral lateral flexion and rotation of
neck
bilateral= extension of neck

58
Q

Semispinalis capitis, cervicis and thoracis

A

A= small extension of head, mainly local stabilisers
(maintain curvature and stability of spine)
O= transverse processes T1-T10
Ins= capitatis- occipital bone
others- spinous processes C2- T4
inn= branches of greater occipital nerve (C2), spinal nerve C3, Medial branches of posterior rami of spinal nerves

59
Q

External obliques

A

A= bilateral contraction= trunk flexion
unilateral contraction= trunk ipsilateral lateral
flexion, contralateral rotation.
O= Surfaces of ribs 5-12
Ins= linea alba, anterior iliac crest
inn= Intercostal nerves (T7- T11), Subcostal nerve (T12)

60
Q

Internal oblique

A

A= bilateral contraction- trunk flexion
unilateral contraction- trunk ipsilateral lateral
flexion and rotation
O= anterior 2/3 of iliac crest and thoracolumbar fascia
Ins= inferior borders ribs 10-12, linea alba
inn= Intercostal nerves (T7-T11), subcostal nerve (T12),

61
Q

Rectus abdominis

A

A= trunk flexion
O= pubic crest
Ins= xiphoid process of sternum
inn= Intercostal nerves (T7-T11), subcostal nerve (T12)

62
Q

Transverse abdominis

A

A= stabilises trunk, little impact on movement
O= ribs 7-12, thoracolumbar fascia, anterior 2/3 iliac
crest
Ins= linea alba, pubic crest
inn= Intercostal nerves (T7-T11), subcostal nerve (T12)

63
Q

Erector spinae muscles and functions

A

Spinalis- thoracic or lumbar part
Longissmus
Iliocostalis- thoracic or lumbar part

main function is to keep spine straight in upright posture during trunk extension. Also carry out ipsilateral lateral flexion with external and internal obliques by unilateral contraction.

64
Q

Multifidus

A

A= stabilises spine and provides a small range of movement of spinal column.
o= from sacrum,
ins= final insertion in the cervical spine
inn= Medial branches of posterior rami of spinal nerves

65
Q

Quadratus lumborum

A

A= maintain stability of the pelvis and lumbar spine
helps ipsilateral lateral flexion during unilateral
contraction
O= posterior iliac crest
Ins= inferior border of rib 12, transverse processes L-4
inn= Subcostal nerve (T12), anterior rami of spinal
nerves L1-L4

66
Q

scapula retractors

A
  • rhomboids
  • trapezius
67
Q

scapula protractors

A
  • pectorals
  • serratus anterior
68
Q

scapula elevators

A
  • supraspinatus
  • levator scapulae
  • upper traps
69
Q

scapula depressors

A
  • lower traps
  • pectorals
70
Q

scapula upward rotation

A
  • upper traps
  • lower traps
  • serratus anterior
71
Q

scapula downward rotation

A
  • rhomboids
72
Q

shoulder flexion

A
  • anterior deltoid
  • coracobrachialis
  • pectoralis major
  • weak - biceps barchii
73
Q

shoulder extension

A
  • posterior deltoids
  • latissimus dorsi
  • teres major and minor
  • triceps brachii
74
Q

shoulder abduction

A
  • middle deltoids
  • supraspinatus
  • trapezius
  • serratus anterior
75
Q

shoulder adduction

A
  • pectoralis major
  • latissimus dorsi
  • teres major
  • triceps
  • coracobrachialis
76
Q

shoulder horizontal adduction

A
  • anterior deltoid
  • pec major
77
Q

shoulder horizontal abduction

A
  • Middle Trapezius.
  • Lower Trapezius.
  • Rhomboid Major.
  • Rhomboid Minor
78
Q

shoulder internal rotation

A
  • teres major
  • pectoralis major
  • subscapularis
  • latissimus dorsi
  • anterior deltoid
79
Q

shoulder external rotation

A
  • infraspinatus
  • teres minor
  • supraspinatus
80
Q

elbow flexion

A
  • biceps brachii
  • brachioradialis
  • brachialis
81
Q

elbow extension

A

triceps brachii

82
Q

wrist flexors

A

Flexor Carpi Ulnaris (prime mover)
- Flexor Carpi Radialis (prime mover)
- Palmaris longus (tightens the skin and fascia in the palm)
- Flexor Digitorum Superficialis (finger flexor, assists only)

83
Q

wrist extenders

A
  • Extensor Carpi Radialis Longus (prime mover),
  • Extensor Carpi Radialis Brevis (prime mover)
  • Extensor Carpi Ulnaris
  • Extensor Digitorum (assists only)
84
Q

finger flexors

A
  • flexor digitorum profundus
  • flexor digitorum superficialis.
  • flexor pollicis longus and brevis
85
Q

finger extenders

A
  • extensor digitorum
  • extensor indicis
  • extensor digiti minimi
  • Extensor pollicis longus and brevis
86
Q

finger abductors

A
  • dorsal interossei
  • Abductor pollicis longus
  • Abductor pollicis brevis
87
Q

finger adductors

A
  • palmar interossei
  • Adductor pollicis
88
Q

wrist deviators

A

radial- Flexor Carpi Radialis & Extensor Carpi Radialis
ulnar- Flexor Carpi Ulnaris & Extensor Carpi Ulnaris

89
Q

trunk flexors

A
  • rectus abdominis
  • internal obliques
  • external obliques

functional anatomy (7 decks)

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