Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Bible > W.Religions: Final > Flashcards

W.Religions: Final Flashcards

1
Q

Ashkenazic

A

Jews of Germany, France, and Europe

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Sepharadic

A

Jews of Spain, Portugal, North Africa, and the Middle East

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Hebrew

A

The Jewish people are descendants of the ancient Hebrews. The name “Hebrew” is generally traced to Eber or Heber, their traditional ancestor.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Orthodox Judaism

A

Only kind until 18th century. Strictly observe all traditions and use only Hebrew in worship.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Reformed Judaism

A

Sought to free Jews from tradition. The Torah is replaced with scientific thinking, can choose what traditions they follow, dietary laws are optional, don’t wear the typical dress, services not tin Hebrew, and women are active in the services.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Conservative Judaism

A

Middle ground of Orthodox and Reform. Law and tradition are authoritative, observe dietary and sabbath laws, sexes are not segregated, services are held both in English and Hebrew

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Secular Jews

A

Do not practice Judaism. Hold atheistic viewpoints, but are considered Jews by birth and descent

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Shema

A

“Hear” or summary of the Jewish religion. Repeated in all Sabbath and festival services.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Torah

A

The Law. Consists of the Pentateuch.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Talmud

A

Jewish oral law

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Diaspora

A

“Dispersion” Many Jews of the Diaspora forgot Hebrew. They know speak modern Hebrew, their official language.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Septuagint

A

“The Seventy” Produced by 72 Jewish scholars

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Kosher

A

Food that meets the standards.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Bar Mitzvah

A

“Son of the Law” When boys become full, responsible members of the community at 13

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Synagogue

A

Jewish house of worship. Ten male Jews are required to establish a synagogue.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Hanukkah

A

The Festival of Lights. 8 day candle lighting holiday between Thanksgiving and Christmas. The feast of dedication celebrating the Maccabean victory in 167 BC

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Messianic Synagogues

A

Tries to blend Jews with non-Jews.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

YHWH

A

The Tetragrammaton “Word with four letters” is the usual reference to the Hebrew name for the God of Israel.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Parsism

A

derives from “Persia” the Faith’s (Zoroastrianism) homeland.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Parsees

A

“Persians” the name of most Zoroastrians who live in India and Pakistan

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Zarathushtra

A

Zarathustra Spitama was born around 650 BC in Persia. “Possessor of camels” Possibly indicates a nomadic lifestyle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Avesta

A

Sacred scripture of Zoroastrians. It was originally written in an old IRanian language called Avestan

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Ahura-Mazda

A

“Wise Lord” According to Zarathustra, there is one true deity to be worshiped.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Ahriman

A

In Zoroastrianism he is the “destructive spirit”. Co-equal and co-eternal with the Ahura-Mazda

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Towers of Silence

A

A special circular building with an open top (Dakhma) where a dead body is carried to be devoured by vultures.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Magi

A

A magus was a member of the Magi tribe of priestly specialists from ancient Media. Zoroastrian priests were called magi

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Fire temple

A

The place where fire worship is carried on. An important practice in present-day Zoroastrianism.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Ka’bah

A

The first temple to the one God, built by Abraham and Ishmael. (Islam)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

Hegira

A

“A series of migrations” to Yathrib. Muhammad followed them shortly after.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

Jihad

A

Holy War. Means by which Muslims began a wave of religious expansion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

Qur’an

A

Compilations of revelations that Allah sent through Gabriel to Muhammad

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

Surahs

A

Chapters of the Qur’an. Arrange by longest to shortest besides the first short Surah

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

Sunnis

A

One of the two major sects of Islam. Insisted that Muhammad’s successor should be elected. They are traditionalists.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

Shi’ites

A

One of the major sects of Islam. Believe that Muhammad’s successor should come through his bloodline.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

Sufism

A

The esoteric, a scenic, and mystical third wing of Islam.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

Jinn

A

Bottom of the hierarchy of angels in Islam. In English, it is Genie

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

Gabriel

A

Jibreel. The archangel Jibreel is the highest ranking, succeeded but the rest of the angels. Transmitter of the revelations of Allah. (In Islam)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

Shehadah

A

“Testimony” or “witness” The profession of faith that “there is no god but God, and Muhammad is the prophet of God” which is the only requirement for joining the Muslim community. As one of the Five Pillars of Islam, it must be spoken aloud with full understanding and faith at least once in one’s lifetime. It is also included in the call to prayer, most ritual prayers, and is recited at death.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

Ramadan

A

In commemoration of Muhammad’s receiving the Qur,an during the ninth lunar month of Ramadan, Muslims are expected to fast during the daylight hours that month.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

Hajj

A

The pilgrimage. Every Muslim must make the trip to Mecca at least once during their lifetime.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

Mosque

A

Place of worship for the Muslims and also a center for Muslim cultural life.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
42
Q

A.H.

A

“After Hejira” Islamic dating of years, beginning with Muhammad’s flight to Medina in 622. The year 2000 A.D. Corresponds with the year A.H. 1420

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
43
Q

Allah

A

The Arabic word for “God” Allah is not God’s name. Allah is the one true God.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
44
Q

Five pillars

A

The 5 primary duties of every Muslim: profession of faith (shahada), ritual prayer (salat), fasting during Ramadan (sawm), pilgrimage to Mecca (hajj), and charity (zakat). Fulfillment of these duties brings rewards on earth and in the afterlife.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
45
Q

Islam

A

“To surrender” To surrender to the will of God; the name of the religion founded by Muhammad.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
46
Q

Sunnah

A

“Tradition” Record of the words and deeds of the Prophet. While not the Word of God on a level with the “Qur’an, the Sunnah is regarded as inspired and authoritative.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
47
Q

Imam

A

Has a position roughly similar (but not identical) t that of the pastor in a Christian church

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
48
Q

C-Scale

A

“Contextualization Spectrum” measures on a scale from 1-6 the level of contextualization among “Christ-centered Communities” found in the Muslim context.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
49
Q

Bab

A

Sayyid ‘Ali Muhammad proclaimed himself to be the Bab “The Gate,” the intermediary between the Hidden Twelfth Imam and the Shi’i faithful.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
50
Q

Baha’u’llah

A

Name that Mizra’ Husayn- ‘Ali adopted while in prison. “The Glory of God” and declared that he was the Promised One of all religions, the promised manifestation of God.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
51
Q

Abbas Effendi

A

Baha’u’llah’s oldest son, became the head of the Baha’i Faith. He adopted the tile ‘Abdu’l-Baha “servant of God”

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
52
Q

Shoghi Effendi

A

‘Abdu’l-Baha’s son who served as the head of the Baha’i Faith after him.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
53
Q

Christ

A

The name Jesus became related to the title “Christ,” which comes from the Greek word Christos, meaning “anointed” or “anointed one”
“Christ” means the same as the Hebrew word Messiah

54
Q

Apocryphal

A

Non-inspired writings that were rejected as Biblical teaching. Such as the Gospel according to Thomas, the Gospel of Mary Magdalene, the Gospel of Peter, and the Acts of Paul

55
Q

Constantine

A

First Christian emperor of the Roman world.

56
Q

Luther

A

Nailed thee 95 thesis to the door. Started the Protestant reformation

57
Q

Deuterocanonics

A

Protestants accept the 66 books of the Bible. Roman Catholics and Anglicans added the deuterocanonics (books of a second level or second canon)

58
Q

Denomination

A

An identifiable religious body, organization under a common name, structure, and/or doctrine. An established religious group, which has usually been in existence for many years and has geographically widespread membership.

59
Q

Fundamentalists

A

Believe in the total inerrancy of the Bible, Christ’s literal virgin birth, substitutionary atonement, bodily resurrection, and anticipated second coming.

60
Q

Catholic

A

“According to” “the whole” “universal”

A religious term with a number of meanings

61
Q

Holy See

A

The holy seat of the Roman Catholic Church in the Vatican

62
Q

Orthodox

A

“Right-belief” as apposed to heresy or heterodoxy

63
Q

Tradition

A

Oral transmission of the doctrine revealed by Jesus Christ or they apostles, independent of what is found in the Scriptures

64
Q

Mass

A

The bloodless repetition of the sacrifice of Jesus Christ.

65
Q

Transubstantiation

A

The change of the substance of bread and wine into that of the body and blood of Christ

66
Q

Canonization

A

The act by which the pope depress that a deceased person has been admitted among the saints and that he or she may be venerated.

67
Q

Beatification

A

Canonization must be preceded by Beatification: the process by which a most searching scrutiny is made on the life, writings, and miracles.

68
Q

Protestant

A

Those who are not Catholics

69
Q

Wycliffe

A

“The morning star of reformation” because he was a man ahead of his time. He criticized abuses and false teachings of the church.

70
Q

Zwinglii

A

Led a revolt against the Catholic Church in Switzerland.

71
Q

Third Wave

A

Those evangelicals who accept the tenets of “Power Evangelism” Evangelicals in the third wave do not stresses the gift of tongues

72
Q

Sects

A

Offshoots from a religion or a denomination

73
Q

Cults

A

New religious movements that sometimes emerge as sects, but with specific characteristics.

74
Q

Heresy

A

A religious belief opposed to the orthodox doctrines of a church; especially, such a belief specifically denounced by the church and regarded as likely to cause schism. It translates to “sect” from Greek.

75
Q

Doomsday Cults

A

Religiously based, very high intensity, controlling groups that have caused or are liable to cause loss of life among their membership or the general public

76
Q

Brainwashing

A

“Thought control” “Mind control” “coercive persuasion” “snapping” Methods of mind manipulation

77
Q

Deprogramming

A

The process of undoing brainwashing. Deprogrammers claim to “rescue” people from cults by using a variety of techniques to coerce them into renouncing their former allegiances

78
Q

Atheist

A

One who says there is sufficient evidence to show that God does not exist

79
Q

Ignostic

A

One who does not know what Christians are talking about, even though they may live in a “Christian” country. “Ignostic” comes from “Ignorance”

80
Q

Agnostic

A

One who says there is insufficient evidence to know whether or not God exists

81
Q

Functional Atheist

A

One who is apathetic concerning God’s existence

82
Q

Nominal Christian

A

One who is somewhat active in church, but their life is not significantly influenced by the Christian faith

83
Q

Secularization

A

Process in which, even though a person or society may not have consciously rejected religion or God, there is an erosion of belief in the supernatural

84
Q

Secularism

A

Consciously-adopted philosophy. A system that rejects all forms of religious faith and accepts only the facts and influences derived from the present life

85
Q

Secularist

A

A ‘missionary’ for secularism.

86
Q

Postmodernism

A

Designates a multitude of trends that come after, react to, and deviate from the many 20th century movements that constituted modernism

87
Q

Traditional religion

A

The body of belief and ritual designed to help humankind cope with the realities of life as seen in many forms in cultures that do not follow any one of the major world religions

88
Q

Animism

A

The belief that impersonal spiritual forces and personal spiritual beings “have power over human affairs and, consequently, that human beings must discover what beings and forces are influencing them in order to determine future action and manipulate their power

89
Q

Mana

A

An impersonal and mysterious life force which pervades everything. Mana may concentrate on certain things such as stones, plants, tress, animals, and people with varying degrees of intensity.

90
Q

Animatism

A

The belief in impersonal supernatural power. Usually animation is considered a part of animism. But if animism refers to the belief in spiritual beings, another term was needed for the belief in impersonal powers

91
Q

Magic

A

The use of rituals and paraphernalia to manipulate supernatural power in order to achieve one’s desired goals.

92
Q

Shaman

A

A member of certain tribal societies who acts to as a medium between the visible world and an invisible spirit world, and who practices magic or sorcery for purposes of healing, divination and control over natural events

93
Q

Ancestor worship

A

Common animistic practice among the Far East. It is I based on the assumption that the living and the dead are mutually dependent. The dead depend on the living for sacrifices and remembrance. The living depend on the dead for blessings.

94
Q

Functional Substitutes

A

Culturally appropriate elements. Which take the place of rituals or practices which are incompatible with scriptural teachings

95
Q

Occult

A

“Knowledge of the secret” or “Knowledge of the hidden” or “knowledge of the supernatural” It encompasses several philosophies and religious exercises that include physical and metaphysical energy accessible only to those with the secret wisdom or power

96
Q

Divination

A

Way of discovering what supernatural beings and forces will do or what they want us to do.

97
Q

Astrology

A

Divination from the stars. Most common form of the occult. (Horoscopes)

98
Q

Cartomancy

A

Divination through the use of tarot cards or regular playing cards. (Gypsies use this technique)

99
Q

Geomancy

A

Divination by random figures formed when a handful of earth is cast on the ground, by dots or lines drawn at random, or by reading the shapes of cracks in dried mud.

100
Q

Palmistry

A

The practice of telling a person’s character or fortune by the lines and marks on the palm of his hand.

101
Q

Ouija boards

A

Most popular game rooted in divination today.

102
Q

White Magic

A

Helpful magic for productive and protective purposes

103
Q

Black Magic

A

(Shamans) Magic for destructive purposes

104
Q

New Age

A

The Age of new beginnings. When it passes from Pisces to Aquarius

105
Q

Satanism

A

Worship of Satan. He will talk with them because God is too busy

106
Q

Spiritualism

A

Communication, by means of mediumship, with those who live in the spirit world.

107
Q

Fox Sisters

A

Popularized contact with the spirits. The birth of modern spiritualism

108
Q

Wicca

A

“witchcraft” Neopagan religion related to witchcraft.

109
Q

Neopaganism

A

A modern faith which has been recently reconstructed from beliefs, deities, symbols, practices, and other elements of an ancient religion.

110
Q

Mother Earth

A

Feminine deity often associated with Gaea who the Wiccans worship

111
Q

Witchcraft

A

The practical arts of casting spells, herbalism ,and performing magic.

112
Q

Esoteric

A

Knowledge that is possessed or understood only by a few

113
Q

Tarot Cards

A

The craft of magic utilizing personal power in conjunction with the energies within stones, herbs, and to her natural objects

114
Q

4 Major Jewish sects during NT Times

A

Pharisees
Sadducees
Essenes
Zealots

115
Q

3 Most popular Jewish Festivals

A

Passover
Pentecost
Tabernacles

116
Q

5 Differences between the major sects of Islam

A

Extension: Sunnis are 80% of Muslims Shi’ites are 16%
Prayers: Sunnis 5x day, Shi’ites 3x day
Source of Authority: Sunnis emphasize written tradition, Shi’ites the Imam
State and religion Relationship: Sunnis believe in separation, Shi’ites believe that religion is authority
Holy Cities: Both recognize Mecca and Medina, but Shi’items add Najaf and Karbala

117
Q

6 articles of faith

A
  1. Oneness of Allah
  2. Angels
  3. Holy Books
  4. Prophets
  5. Predestination
  6. Day of Judgement
118
Q

3 major obstacles to Muslim conversion

A
  1. God has a Son who is equal to Him in power and Glory.
  2. Christ was crucified
  3. The Bible has been corrupted
119
Q

5 Factors that precipitated the Protestant Reformation

A

The rise of literacy brought about by the Renaissance
Invention of the printing press
Decline in the prestige of the pope among the Kings
The Corrupt lives and arrogance of the clergy
People’s desire to reform the church

120
Q

5 differences between Roman Catholics and Orthodox

A

Orthodox differs in that they practice by triple immersion of children, offer communion with leavened bread, offer the laymen both the bread and the wine, ordain married priests, use icons but not images, do not believe in purgatory, do not recognize the authority of the bishop in Rome

121
Q

7 Sacraments

A
  1. Baptism washes away the guilt of actual and original sin
  2. Confirmation strengthens the person to perform the duties of the Christian life
  3. The Eucharist , or mass, replenishes and nourishes the person with sanctifying grace for daily living
  4. Penance, or reconciliation, conveys forgiveness of sins committed after baptism
  5. Ordination empowers men to exercise the role and authority of priests
  6. Matrimony through the mutual pledges made under the priest’s direction consecrates the marriage union between a man and a woman
  7. Anointing of the sick, or extreme unction, gives health to and fortifies the soul and the body, especially at the time of death
122
Q

7 Deuterocanonical books

A

III Ezra, IV Ezra, Tobit, Judith, Wisdom, Ecclesiasticus, Baruch, I and II Maccabees, additions to the book of Esther, Daniel and II Chronicles

123
Q

5 Reasons for not accepting the Deuterocanonical books

A
  1. They were never considered inspired by the Jews, who had been trusted with the Scriptures
  2. They are never quoted in the NT
  3. Not included in any list of the early fathers of the Church until after Jerome
  4. The writers did not pretend to be inspired
  5. Teach doctrine not in harmony with scripture
  6. Contain superstitions and historical mistakes, in addition to doctrinal errors
124
Q

5 Major Protestant reformers

A 
Martin Luther
Philip Melancthon
Uriah Zwinglii
John Calvin
King Henry VII
125
Q

3 waves of supernatural manifestations

A

“First Wave” is the Pentecostal movement
“Second Wave” was the Charismatic Movement that appeared in the mid 20th century
“Third Wave” Those who accepted the tenets of “power evangelism”

126
Q

5 Characteristics of a cult

A
  1. Charismatic Leader
  2. Deceitful Practices
  3. Initiation or conversion process is very rapid
  4. Great difficulty leaving the group
  5. Great secrecy concerning the disposition of the money collected by the membership
127
Q

4 types of secularists

A

Secular Materialist
Secular Religious Dropout
Secular Hard-hat
Secular Philosopher

128
Q

6 beliefs of secularism

A 
Denial of God
denial of Miracles
Fact of Evolution
Potential of Humanity
Centrality of Science
Stress on Relativity
129
Q

5 Proofs of Thomas Aquinas

A

Since motion exists, there must be a Prime Mover
Since everything needs a cause, there must be a First Cause
Since that which does not exist begins to exist only through something already existing, a Necessary Being
Since there are degrees of value, there must be an Absolute Value,
Since there is an evident purpose in nature, there must be a Divine Designer

130
Q

4 Common features of traditional religions

A
  1. Hierarchy of spiritual beings
  2. Existence of an impersonal and mysterious life force which pervades everything
  3. Belief in Magic
  4. Presence of the Shaman
131
Q

3 Types of Satanism

A

Religious Satanism
Satanic Cults
Self-Styled Satanists

Bible (3 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions