Wrap up quiz

Question 1

You are asked to examine a Holstein dairy cow that calved uneventfully 10 days ago. The cow is producing milk but the farmer reports that milk production is lower than expected based on previous performance. The cow is also off her feed – the farmer has noted that the cow has left most of the concentrate that is offered in the parlour for the past 2-3 days. When questioned, the farmer thinks that the foetal membranes may have taken more than 24 hours to be expelled, but there is no evidence of RFM now.

On examination, the cow is quiet but responsive. You hear 1 rumen contraction in 3 minutes and there is a high pitched metallic ping heard over the mid-abdomen in the last two rib spaces on the left hand side. Otherwise, clinical examination is unremarkable.

What is your primary differential diagnosis?

• Rumen void
• Pneumoperitoneum
• Left displaced abomasum
• Rumen tympany (bloat)

Answer 1

Left displaced abomasum

Question 2

You are asked to examine a cow that produced 30L milk yesterday but today has not produced any milk and has a very dull demeanour. The farmer reports that the cow seemed healthy until this morning and they have had no concerns. The cow calved uneventfully 50 days ago and has not yet been bred again. No other animals in the herd are affected.
On examination, the cow has a slightly arched back, is grinding her teeth and has a heart rate of 130 bpm. The cow’s eyes look sunken and the skin tent = 4 seconds. Rumen sounds are absent and there is just a small amount of dark faeces in the rectum. On auscultation and percussion of the right abdomen you notice a high pitched metallic ping over a large (20cm diameter) area in the upper half of the abdomen (in the yellow circled area of the image below), over the last few ribs.
What is your primary differential diagnosis?

• Right displaced abomasum (RDA)
• Right abomasal volvulus (RAV)
• Distended spiral colon
• Pneumorectum

Answer 2

Right abomasal volvulus

Question 3

You are asked to examine a cow that has been previously healthy and producing a lot of milk. The farmer reports that today the cow looks suddenly very unwell and has not produced any milk

On auscultation and percussion of the right abdomen, you notice a high-pitched metallic ping over a very large (30cm diameter) area that covers the right paralumbar fossa and extends as far caudally as the tuber coxae (in the yellow circled area of the image below).

What is your primary differential diagnosis?

• Right displaced abomasum (RDA)
• Distended spiral colon
• Left displaced abomasum
• Caecal dilatation and torsion

Answer 3

Caecal dilation and torsion

Question 4

Which condition can be a cause of vagal indigestion:

• TRP
• Diffuse peritonitis
• RVA
• Hepatic abscess
• All the above

Answer 4

All of the above

Question 5

What is the causative agent of haemorrhagic jejunitis (HBS)?

• Johne’s Disease
• BVD
• Salmonella
• Coccidiosis
• Unknown; suspected Clostridia perfringens type A involvement

Answer 5

Unknown; suspected Clostridia perfrigens type A involvement

Question 6

Which of the options below would not be expected to help reduce risk of spread of Johne’s disease in a dairy herd (0, 1 or >1 answer might be correct!)

• Ensure cows with positive test status don’t go in main calving areas
• Only feed colostrum from a calf’s own mother
• Ensure cows with non-negative test status are inseminated with beef semen (not dairy)
• Ensure all calves get at least 3 litres good quality colostrum within 6hrs of birth
• Isolate cows with positive test status from the milking herd

Answer 6

Ensure all calves get at least 3 litres good quality colostrum within 6hrs of birth

Isolate cows with positive test status from the milking herd

Question 7

Is this statement true or false: “In a “flying” dairy herd (one where all cows are inseminated with beef semen, and all replacement dairy cows are purchased), control of Johne’s disease relies on sourcing low risk replacement cows.”

Answer 7

True

Question 8

T or F: Eimeria are species specific

Answer 8

True

Question 9

What time of year do we typically see clinical coccidiosis in sheep?

• Winter-spring
• Spring- summer
• Summer-autumn
• Autumn-Winter

Answer 9

Winter-spring

Question 10

In lambs and calves cryptosporidium is spread by:

• Faecal-oral transmission
• Trans-placental transmission
• Via Colostrum
• Via an intermediate host

Answer 10

Faecal-oral transmission

Question 11

First nematode species that lambs tend to encounter when turned out to grass are

• Nematodirus
• Trichostrongylus
• Teladorsagia
• Haemonchus

Answer 11

Nematodirus

Question 12

T or F: Faecal egg counts can be used to time treatments for Nematodirus

Answer 12

False

Question 13

What methods can be used to time treatments for Nematodirus?

• Pasture history and mean temperature
• Faecal egg counts and daily liveweight gain
• Pasture history and faecal egg count
• Temperature and rising antibody titres

Answer 13

Pasture history and mean temperature

Question 14

Which GI nematode do sheep not generate immunity to?
* Haemonchus
* Teladorsagia

• Trichostrongylus
• Nematodirus

Answer 14

Haemonchus

Question 15

The ‘in refugia’ population of worms are those which:
* Are not exposed to an anthelmintic at a treatment event

• Those which are resistant to the anthelmintic used
• Those which are killed by the anthelmintic used

Answer 15

Are not exposed to an anthelmintinc at a treatment event

Question 16

When you should start to use Intravenous fluid therapy for dehydrated calves rather oral fluids?
* regardless the dehydration status

• 3-5%
• 8-10%
• none of the above

Answer 16

8-10%

Question 17

What is a limitation when using blood samples in young calves for BVD?
* High levels of viral antigen

• Poor sample quality
• Presence of maternal antibodies
• None of the above

Answer 17

Presence of maternal antibodies

Question 18

Which of the following is a NOT an effective control strategy for BVD?
* Do nothing

• Identify PI
• Culling PI
• Vaccination

Answer 18

Do nothing

Question 19

How can persistently infected (PI) calves be identified?
* Presence of antibodies in blood samples

• Two positive antigen tests more than 3 weeks apart
• Clinical signs of acute infection
• decreased meat quality

Answer 19

two positive antigen tests more than 3 weeks apart

Question 20

Which of the following is a possible outcome of BVD infection during pregnancy?
* Cerebellar hypoplasia

• Arthrogryposis
• Abortion
• All of the above

Answer 20

All of the above

Question 21

During which stage of pregnancy is a calf most likely to become persistently infected (PI) with BVDV?

• Early pregnancy (before 45 days)
• Mid-pregnancy (45-125 days)
• Late pregnancy (after 125 days)
• At the time of birth

Answer 21

Mid pregnancy

Question 22

Which of the following is not a classical sign of hypovolaemic shock?

• High Heart rate
• Pale mucous membranes
• Slow capillary refill time
• Pyrexia

Answer 22

Pyrexia

Question 23

What are the landmarks for transcutaenous ultrasound of the rumen-reticular junction?
* Right of midline, behind xiphoid process

• Right of midline, cranial to udder
• Left of midline, behind xiphoid process
• Left of midline, cranial to the udder

Answer 23

Left of midline, behind xyphoid process

Question 24

Which of the following is not a differential diagnosis for melena in an adult cow?

• Abomasal ulceration
• Vena cava syndrome
• Rectal tear
• MCF

Answer 24

Rectal tear

Question 25

A farmer calls and says he has seen blood and mucus in faecal pats from 5% of a pen of pigs. What is the causal agent you should be most concerned about:
* Lawsonia intracellularis

• Brachyspira pilosicoli
• Salmonella typhimurium
• Brachyspira hyodysenteriae

Answer 25

Brachyspira hyodysenteriae

Question 26

You are on a routine vet visit to a breeding unit and witness some scour in the first week of life. Mortality is low but morbidity is high in affected litters. Some litters are severely affected and others completely unaffected. You suspect Rotavirus. How would you confirm your diagnosis:
* PME of 3 pigs finding a thin walled small intestine and watery small intestinal and large intestinal contents. Sections of SI and LI submitted for histopath and SI contents submitted for Rotavirus PAGE test.

• PME of 3 pigs finding an inflamed large intestine and watery large intestinal contents. Sections of LI submitted for histopath and LI contents submitted for Rotavirus PAGE test.
• PME of 3 pigs finding a bright red small intestine with necrotic lesions found on the wall. Sections of SI submitted for histopath and SI contents submitted for Rotavirus PAGE test.
• PME of 3 pigs finding yellow necrotic casts on the wall of and floating freely within the large intestine and liquid yellow large intestinal contents. Sections of LI submitted for histopath and LI contents submitted for Rotavirus PAGE test

Answer 26

PME of 3 pigs finding a thin walled small intestine and watery small intestinal and large intestinal contents. Sections of SI and LI submitted for histopath and SI contents submitted for Rotavirus PAGE test.

Question 27

What are some of the most relevant Eimeria species in poultry?

• alabamensis, zuernii, bovis
• ovinoidalis, crandalis
• tenella, maxima, acervulina
• tenella, maxima, alabamensis

Answer 27

tenella, maxima, acervulina