Woven Fabric Flashcards
A cotton fabric with a printed design of white and a contrasting color
Bandanna
A RIB WEAVE, usually done in a minute brick fashion, giving a pebbly appearance. A granular texture is achieved by the short broken weaves in the filing direction. Usually made of silk, worsted wool, synthetic fibers or a combination of these.
Barathea
Fabric made from or created to simulate the bark of trees
Bark Cloth
A fine, lightweight, soft, semi-sheer, smooth fabric. It is named for Jean Baptiste, a French linen weaver. Resembles nainsook, but is finer and ALMOST TRANSPARENT.
Batiste
Thin layers of natural or synthetic cloth used to line cushions, pillows, quilts, or crafts
BATTING
Fabric embroided with BEADS
Beaded fabric
A sturdy warp-faced fabric with pronounces cross-wise ribs formed by BULKY AND COARSE PILE yarns or rubber threads. It originated in Bengal, India.
Bengaline
It has a small geometric pattern with a center dot resembling a bird’s eye. It is woven on a dobby loom, with heavier filling yarns that are loosely twisted to make the materials more absorbent. It is very soft, lightweight and absorbent, and woven with a loosely twisted filling to increase absorbency.
Birdseye
It is the French word for “buckled” ringed or curled. The fabric was so named because it has a ring appearance, formed by drawn-out loop yarns on the face of the goods, thereby giving it a kinky appearance at intervals.
Boucle
2 or more fabric layers held together with adhesive or a fusible layer
Bonded
A TWILL WEAVE that originated in France. The yarns are interspersed with nubs, giving the material a dull, nubbed surface effect.
Bourette
A tightly woven plain weave with a CROSSWISE RIB. It was originally a silk shirting fabric, so named because it was woven in widths excedding the usual 29”. It is a dressy fabric and must be handled with care, form fitting and drapes well
Broadcloth
Carpet woven on widths of 6,9,12,15,18 ft.
Broadloom
A rich Jacquard woven fabric of an all-over interwoven design of raised FIGURES OF FLOWERS with the pattern emphasized by contrasting surfaces or colors, of which all are done in low relief. As compared to damask, the figures here are rather loose. French word meaning “to ornament”
Brocade
A tightly woven jacquard fabric with a WARP EFFECT in the figure, which is raised to give a puffed appearance. The PUFF EFFECT is created by several kinds of filings, a tension-weaving of a linen or nylon that shrinks after the heating process.
Brocatelle
A ply yarn SCRIM fabric with a STIFF finish. Usually used for interlinings in garments. It was named for Bokhara, in the southwest USSR where it was first made.
Buckram
A plain weave coarse fabric usually made from Jute or hemp. Generally used for interior textiles, especially for wall hangings and a group of bright, homespun-effect draperies and wall coverings.
Burlap or Gunny
A plain, closely woven, inexpesive cloth. It is usually made in solid colors which are discharge or resist printed onto a whte or contrasting background. The colors are not always fast. In originated in Calcutta, india, and is one of the oldest cotton staples in the market.
Calico
A soft, white, closely woven cotton fabric calendered on the right side to produce a slight gloss. Known to launder very well, has good body, sews and finishes well. It was originally made in Cambrai, France.
Cambric
Has an even weave that is heavy and firm. It is used for clothing but formerly much used for tents and sail. Mostly, a rugged, and heavy material
Canvass
One of the softest fabrics made. It is very lightweight and usually is printed with a delicate floral pattern. It was named from the Anglo-Indian term SHALEE, meaning soft.
Challis
A plain weave fabric with colored warp and white filing that gives a MOTTLED COLORED SURFACE.
Chambray
A fabric woven from Chenille yarns and has a fuzzy pile. French word “caterpillar
Chenille
Broken twill or HERRINGBONE weave giving a chevron effect, creating a design of wide V’s across the width of the fabric.
Chevron
A THIN, DIAPHANOUS, or GAUZELIKE, SOFT, FLIMSY FABRIC, but is strong despite its flimsy look. It wears very well and is very difficult to handle. French term for RAG
Chiffon
A GLAZED cotton fabric often printed with BRIGHT FIGURES and LARGE FLOWER DESIGN. Some glazes wash out during laundering, but resin glaze will withstand washing or dry-cleaning. Hindu word meaning “spotted”
Chintz
A cut pile with narrow to wide WALES that run in the warp direction of the goods. An extra set of filing yarns make the pile and the back is a plain twill weave.
Corduroy
A lightweight fabric characterized by a CRINKY SURFACE produced by hand twist yarns, chemical treatment, weave, or embossing. It has very good wearing qualities and has a very slimming effect.
Crepe
CHAIN STITCH EMBROIDERY made with a fine, loosely twisted, two-ply wool yarn on a plain weave fabric. Done by hand, for most part, in the Kashmir province of India and in England.
Crewel
A firm, glossy, jacquard patterned fabric similar to brocade but flatter and REVERSIBLE. Brought by Marco Polo from Damascus, during 13th century. It is a very durable fabric, launders well and holds a high luster.
Damask
A rugged, serviceable, staple cotton cloth recognized by left hand twill on the surface. Its name is derived from the French and was usually used for work clothes.
Denim
A thin, sheer cloth in which cords or stripes may be woven into the fabric. It is very easy to manipulate and launders easily and well. Has a crisp texture which remains fairly well after washing.
Dimity
A sheer fabric embellished with small dot motifs that may vary in color. Originated in Saint Galen, Switzerland, about 1750
Dotted Swiss
A closely woven, heavy material and the most durable fabric made, according to the textile industry. Heavier weights are called canvass
Duck
A ribbed cloth with a crosswise rib effect. It is soft and belongs to the GROSGRAIN FAMILY.
Faille
A compact matted woolen material. Derived from anglo-saxon word meaning “to filer”. Usually made of wool or fur often mixed with natural or synthetic fibers.
Felt
Printed or woven fabric featuring a JAGGED, UNDULATING FLAME-LIKE, MULIT-COLORED PATTERN
Flame Stitch
A fabric with a slight NAP on both sides
Flannel
A lightweight cloth noted for its soft finish and feel. It is made with twill weaves and usually printed with SMALL FIGURES on LIGHT or DARK backgrounds
Foulard
Generally made with UNCUT LOOPS but is sometimes styled by shearing the loops at VARYING HEIGHTS. Originated from Fries Land Holland.
Frieze
It is a firm, durable, compactly woven cloth which shows A DIAGONAL LINE ON THE FACE of the goods. It is named for a cloak or mantle popular during the middle ages. Smooth on one side
Gabardine
A thin sheer fabric constructed with plain, LENO or DOBBY weave, specifically used for curtains next to glass windows to diffuse light
Gauze
Has dyed yarns introduced at given intervals in both warp and filling to achieve a block or check effect. Name is derived form the Italian “Ging-gang” meaning “STRIPED”
Gingham
A fine, loosely woven fabric in LENO WEAVE
Grenadine
A strong, closely-woven corded fabric usually of silk or rayon and often with cotton fiber. It is a heavy, rather prominent, ribbed fabric made from plain or rib weaves
Grosgrain
A fabric which has a series of FAINT STRIPES formed by light, medium or dark yarns.
Jaspe
Woven, multi-colored effect created by blending fibers of different colors
Heather
A very stiff, wiry cloth made with a single horsehair filling, usually on a cotton warp. The width of the fabric is determined by the length of the horsehair in the filing, no more than 26’ (66.04 cm) wide. For lining and upholstery
Haircloth
Broken twill weave composed of vertical sections that are alternately right hand in direction. Also called ARROWHEAD WEAVE. If done in wide stripes its is called CHEVRON WEAVE
Herringbone
Broken twill weave forming FOUR POINTED STAR.
Houndstooth
A fabric in which metallic threads or yarns are interspersed though out or used in the base construction. The term comes from the French word for “worked with gold and silver wire”. Metallic fabric
Lame
A light, thin cloth of plain weave with crisp and crease-resistant finish. Name is derived from Laon, Francem where in linen lawn was manufactured extensively
Lawn
A jacquard stripe fabric simulating silk and embroidery
Lisserie
A fine firm cotton cloth with a plain weave background. It is usually STRIPED OR PLAID n color. Name derived from Madras, India
Madras
A lightweight, OPEN-MESH cloth of leno or doupe weave. It is used for clothing it is used for clothing, curtains and mosquito nets
Marquisette
A soft, double cloth which has a quilted surface effect, and is woven on Jacquard looms. Term derived from French meaning “ cushion or padded”
Matelasse
A heavily felted, hard, plain, face-finished cloth. It is napped and very closely sheared. It originated in the famous Melton Mowbray fox hunting area in Leicestershire, England
Melton
Made of a very coarse yarn and is rough, substantial, rather bulky fabric with a tendency to sag, depending on the compactness of the weave.
Monk’s cloth
A generic term for a variety of cotton fabrics. French term is mousseline, and is actually a smooth, delicately woven cotton fabric.
Muslin
A fine, soft fabric with a plain weave, usually with a strip and often mercerized to produce luster.
Nainsook
A smooth, transparent, high-textured fabric made in plain or novelty weaves. It is much like voile but has more body
Ninon
A very light, thin, stiff, transparent and wiry cloth. Chemical treatment assures that it will retain its crispiness through repeated launderings.
Organdie
A coarse cloth, often made with part waste in it. Named for a town in germany
Osnaburg
A soft, somewhat porous, rather stout fabric with a silk-like luster finish. it launders very well but known to soil easily
Oxford
French word for PLUSH and is a satn-faced material made with a high luster by a roller-pressure treatment during finishing. Resembles VELVET but has a much longer pile.
Panne
A printed cloth with a smooth, firm finish. 180 thread count - bedsheet
Percale
A medium weight or heavy fabric with raised cords that run in the warp direction (polo shirts)
Pique
A fabric treated in a striped motif or in spot formation with a caustic soda solution that shrinks parts of the goods to provide the crinkled or pleated effect, thus is does not need to be ironed.
Plisse
A warp pile cloth covered with a surface of cut pile yarns. The pile is longer but not as densely woven as velvet. Derived form the French word ‘peluche’ by way of the Latin ‘pilus’ which means HAIR
Plush
Combed and carded fabric in a satin construction which has been calendared to produce a high-luster surface finish
Polished cotton
It was originally thin, natural, tan-colored silk fabric, made of wild Chinese silk with a knotty rough weave. It was named from the Chinese, pun-ki, meaning “woven at home on one’s own loom” Now, it is also a staple, fine combed fabric finished with a high luster. Drapery lining
Pongee
Identified by a fine rib effect in the filling direction from SELVAGE TO SELVAGE. Term is derived from the obsolete French term “papeline”
Poplin
It is similar to poplin but has a more distinctive crossrib cord. Used for upholstery and drapery
Rep
Plain weave fabric where the majority of the FABRIC FACE is composed of WAR THREADS
Sailcloth
Made with a satin weave and has a very smooth lustrous surface surface effect. It has the tendency to slip at the seams
Sateen
It has a very smooth, lustrous face effect while the back of the material is dull. The name originated in Zayfun, China, although it was termed after the Latin ‘Seta” meaning silk
Satin
Originally a high-grade coating fabric made from the wool of Merino sheep raised in Saxony, Germany. Now, it also is the name for a soft woolen cloth with elaborate yarn effects.
Saxony
An open mesh, plain-weave cloth in several constructions and weights and usually used in buckfarm
Scrim
A lightweight cloth in which a base warp lies flat and a second warp becomes crinkled because of chemical treatment
Seersucker
Woven cloth with error of flaws
Seconds
One of the oldest basic terms in textiles. It now implies any smooth-faced cloth made with a two up and two-down twill weave.
Serge
A silk fabric made of several fibers but designated by an elongated slub filling yarn. It was named for the city of Shantung, China, where it was originally woven.
Shantung
Made from a small twill weave and has a smooth compact surface resembling the skin of a shark. It has very substantial fell although it is fairly light in weight.
Sharkskin
A plain weave corded or combed cloth which comes in light, medium, or heavy weights.
Sheeting
Fabrics originated in Germany and Austria and were developed to provide greater freedom of body movement of the athlete. They present very good surface texture and are durable and moisture absorbent. Stretch yarns in the warp of a warp stretch fabric or in both the warp and filling ensure that these fabrics will return to their original shape when tension is released
Stretch woven
A soft, twill woven silk or rayon fabric often made in plaid effects. It is soft and flexible, lightweight
Surah
A fine, sheer, crisp, stiff cloth which may be plain, dotted or figured.
Swiss
A fine, plain weave fabric, smooth on both sides, and usually with sheen on its surface. It may be solid colored, printed, or woven in such a way that the colors seem changeable. It was named for the Persian fabric taftan.
Taffeta
A cloth made in plain weave or in two-up and two-down twill weave. This multi-colored fabric may be conventional or exceptional when made in variations of color effects. The fabric originated in Spain and was called tiritana, although it is now associated with Scottish clans. It is also a specific woven pattern that often signifies a particular Scottish clan in the modern era. Skirts in england
Tartan
Has uncut loops on booth sides of the fabric. It is very absorbent; the longer the loops, the greater the absorbency.
Terry cloth
A compactly woven cotton cloth, usually striped. It is known to be very sturdy and strong, smooth and lustrous.
Ticking
A rough, irregular, soft and flexible, unfinished, shaggy cloth. It was named for the Tweed River which separates England from Scotland. It is one of the oldest and most popular outerwear fabrics used today. It is made of twill or a homespun (plain) weave.
Tweed
A term loosely applied to cut pile cloths in general. It is also designates fabrics with a fine raised finish. From the French term meaning velvet, and although it resembles velvet, it has a lower cut pile.
Velour
A warp-pile cloth in which a succession of rows of short cut pile stand so close together as to give a uniform, even surface. The better kinds may be crush resistant, water resistant and drapes well. When the pile is more than 1/8”, it is already called plush
Velvet
A filling pile cloth in which the pile is made by cutting an extra set of filling yarns.
Velveteen
A combed yarn, high-twist, staple fabric with a threadlike appearance. The cloth is made from gassed yarns. It is derived from the French term meaning veil.
Voile
It is a cloth made from cross-bred yarns, and the fabric is strongly colored. The finish is a highly raised lustrous type, and the nap is long and lies in one direction. The cloth may be given a soft feel and finish.
Zibeline
A small cloth placed over the backs or arms of chairs, or the head or cushions of a sofa to prevent soiling of the permanent fabric
Antimacassar
Thin layers of natural or synthetic cloth used to line cushions, pillows, quilts, or crafts
Batting
Custom handmade or manufactured materials used on a bed for utilitarian or decorative purposes
Bedding
Square panel of fabric with or without elastic edge used to encase the top mattress on a bed
Bed sheet
Fabric bedding treatment, which covers a top mattress
Bedskirt
A feature bedding treatment, which covers a top mattress
Bedspread
A feature of tufted upholstery in which usually fabric covered buttons are sewn over points of tufting finish
Buttoned
This is a lightweight quilt that can be used over other bedding or as a single covering. It is similar in size to a Duvet so it also requires a valance
Comforter
2 layers of fabric sewn or bonded together, thereby becoming reversible and enabling different materials to be placed on each side
Double faced
The series of clippings attached to a purchase sample to show the color line.
Color Mag
This refers to the complete color range of a given series
Color line
An individual color of a particular style or pattern
Color Way
Rubbing off of color from woven or printed fabrics
Crocking
Tightly woven or coated fabrics used to prevent down feathers from penetrating surface
Down proof
Stiff textile used on the underneath side of fabric to strengthen; add body or prevent stretching, available with a heat- activated adhesive, i.e. fusible layer
Interfacing
A fabric in which the pattern is formed by the weave
Figured Fabric
Fabric construction created in weft yarns with graduated or shaded tone or color patterns
Ombre
Continuous filament rayon yarn with entangled slubs
Ondelette
Hand quilting technique where stitches follow printed motifs on fabric
Outline quilting
Fabrics or materials used to provide additional cushioning
Padding
Intricate interlocking curvilinear pattern originating in India
Paisley
Fine silk fabric
Peau de Soie
Fine, hand stitched needlepoint design on canvass created with only one foundation thread, rather than multiple threads
Petit point
The number of filling yarns per inch of fabric
Pick count
To form undesirable clumps of loose fibers on fabric
Pill
Fiber filaments that break in yarn due to friction leaving small undesirable clumps of loose fibers on the surface of fabric
Pilling
Fabric cover designed ro protect pillow from soiling, utilitarian or decorative
Pillow sham
Combed and carded fabric in a satin construction which has been calendared to produce a high luster surface finish
Polished cotton
Layers of cloth filled with batting elaborately stitched by hand or by machine, used as a bedspread or wall hanging
Quilt
To turn fabric where selvages run horizontally rather than vertically, often used when fabrics are non-directional to avoid unwanted seams
Railroaded
Dye-resistant products are applied, which results in only the background of a fabric being dyed
Reverse printing
Decorative covering for bed pillows
Sham
French word for monkey trick, decoration using monkeys in human costume, generally in humorous situations popular in rococo oranamentation
Singeries
Large panel of fabric, usually in pairs, used on top of bed
Sheet
Cloth having a fine, irregular streaked pattern
Strie
Slender, decorative cloth, typically used lengthwise down the center of a dining table, for surface protection and embellishment
Table runner
Small decorative spread or coverlet, often woven with fringe
Throw
Cotton or linen woven or printed documentary fabric, typically printed in monotone color on an off white or white background, originally made in France
Toile
Fabrics printed in one color with 18th and 19th century scenes
Toile de Jouy
Blended yarns of twisted linen and cotton yarns in the filler creating a textured surface finish
Union Cloth
Materials used to make soft seating including wood or metal frames, eight-way hand-tied springs, foam, batting, fabrics and cording
Upholstery
Rayon fiber of superior quality used in many decorative fabrics, often used to imitate silk
Viscose
A tapestry, needlepoint or bound fabric panel hung on the wall, typically suspended from an iron drapery rod and adorned with cording and tassels
Wall Hanging
Fabric procedure using commercial washing machines to mimic a worm effect
Washed Goods
It is a rich, soft-looking fine fabric, English in origin, and originally made as a mourning cloth.
Barathea
A design featuring interlinking diamond shapes of varying colors, in a diagonal checkerboard pattern. Thought to have been derived from the tartan of clan campbell of argyll. scotland. Diagonal version of Tartan.
Argyle
