Wounds + Burns

Question 1

Define ‘abrasion’

Answer 1

superficial wound with ragged edges (result of scrape or tear)

• painful
• keep clean and moist

Question 2

Define ‘laceration’

Answer 2

deep cut or tear in skin or flesh

Question 3

An animal bite is a combination of:

Answer 3

crush, laceration and puncture wounds

Question 4

Any burn covering more than _% of the total body surface is considered serious.

Answer 4

9%

Question 5

__ degree burns covering 15-25% or more of the body surface require hospitalization.

Answer 5

2nd

Question 6

3rd degree burns covering __% or more of total body surface require hospitalization.

Answer 6

10%

Question 7

The most common cause of death after a burn is…

Answer 7

sepsis

Question 8

T/F: skin grafting is necessary for 2nd and 3rd degree burns, OR if there is no significant sign of healing after 3 weeks

Answer 8

true

Question 9

Someone who has received a skin graft may start some activity again after ___ days

Answer 9

5-7

Question 10

Complications of burns include…

Answer 10

respiratory failure (if thermal inhalation)
renal complications (fluid replacement insufficiency)
burned skin = increased UV sensitivity
thermoregulation disturbances
peripheral nerve damage
joint subluxation and dislocation
amputation 
severe infection

Question 11

What are the stages of frostbite?

Answer 11

1. frostnip (superficial layers) - no permanent damage
2. reddened skin turns white or pale - skin beginning to feel warm is a sign of seriousness
3. severe (deep) frostbite: affects all skin layers; numbness + loss of sensation of cold, pain/discomfort, joints/muscles may stop working

Question 12

What will happen to the tissue once it’s rewarmed if severe frostbite has occurred?

Answer 12

large fluid-filled blisters, blackened/hardened (necrotic) tissue

Question 13

What is frostbite arthritis?

Answer 13

changes in cartilage between joints after frostbite

Question 14

What causes stretch marks?

Answer 14

tearing of the dermis

Question 15

Differentiate a corn from a callus:

Answer 15

corns form on the top and sides of toes, calluses form on the hands or sides and soles of the feet

Question 16

What are the four stages of decubitus ulcers?

Answer 16

1: no tears/breaks (closed wound)
2: skin breaks open; tender + painful, may look like a scrape or blister/abrasion
3: crater forms
4: very deep, reaching into muscle and bone and causing extensive damage

Question 17

Which stages of pressure sores may have little or no pain?

Answer 17

3 + 4 due to sensory nerve damage

Question 18

T/F: you should avoid the affected area of a pressure sore within a 4-inch radius around the ulcer’s edge

Answer 18

True