Surgery Flashcards
What is an ‘elective’ operation?
a surgery that is necessary but not urgent/an emergency
How does a keyhole surgery work?
a very small incision is made. the surgeon can see the area to operate on via a fine tube with a light on the end (fibre optic light source) and inserts the instruments to be used through the tube.
What is a laparoscopic surgery?
operations performed inside the abdomen and peritoneum using a laparascope
What is a laparoscope?
thin, tube-like instrument with a light and lens
The distinction between a major vs. minor surgery is:
importance/seriousness/simplicity
whether or not there is a risk of life
Define ‘ostomy’
artificial opening made to create a new connection between 2 tubes or between a tube and the external body
Define ‘plasty’
refashioning of something to make it work
Define ‘otomy’
cutting something open
What is a laparotomy?
surgical incision into the abdomen
What are the steps in general anesthesia administration?
- induction: IV agent sedates or reduces consciousness
- analgesic and mm relaxant are administered
- oxygenation with high O2 concentrations
- airway control during surgery
Define ‘cardiac ablation’
intentional destruction of small amounts of cardiac tissue that disturb electrical flow through the heart
What is a balloon angioplasty? When is it used?
for CAD
procedure to restore blood flow through an artery - a tube is inserted with a balloon on the end; the balloon is inflated to push the plaque outward against the arterial wall, widening the artery.
What is replaced in a total hip replacement?
both the femur and the socket
The criteria for a total hip replacement require:
patient has moderate to severe arthritis (OA, RA, or post-traumatic arthritis) interfering with ADLs
The only indication for knee replacement is…
OA of the knee
Knee replacement removes diseased cartilage and plants made of ___ and __ are fixed to the bones:
high density plastic and implant grade steel
Differentiate keloid vs. hypertrophic scars:
keloid extend beyond the wound’s boundaries (tx: topical steroids)
hypertrophic stay within the bounds
Common general post-operative complications include:
fever atelectasis (lung collapse) wound infection embolism DVT
List some specific complications after surgery:
loss of tensile strength of c.t., tendons, ligaments
wound dehiscence (wound ruptures along surgical suture)
muscle weakness
nerve damage
fat emboli (to the brain or lungs…)
impaired healing
What’s one consideration for massage for someone taking analgesics?
avoid deep pressure and extreme end ROM
What’s one consideration for massage for someone taking anti-asthmatic medications?
may have increased SNS response such as increased HR, respiration, and BP
What’s one consideration for massage for someone taking anti-coagulants?
avoid deep tqs like repetitive mm stripping and frictions, which could lead to bruising! same with deep tapotement
What’s one consideration for massage for someone taking anti-depressants?
may have altered vascular response to temperature change - use moderate temperatures for hydrotherapy
What’s one consideration for massage for someone taking anti-inflammatories?
avoid techniques that rely on inflammation (frictions!!)
What’s one consideration for massage for someone taking CORTICOSTEROIDS?
- avoid injection site for 14-21 days post-injection
- be aware of decreased tissue health with chronic use
- may be a palpable gap in muscles that have had repeated injections
What’s one consideration for massage for someone taking mm relaxants?
- alter the stretch response of muscles - may feel stretchy or loose on palpation
- avoid deep techniques, extreme stretches and full-body hydrotherapy applications
- beware of postural hypotension and dizziness
