Surgery

Question 1

What is an ‘elective’ operation?

Answer 1

a surgery that is necessary but not urgent/an emergency

Question 2

How does a keyhole surgery work?

Answer 2

a very small incision is made. the surgeon can see the area to operate on via a fine tube with a light on the end (fibre optic light source) and inserts the instruments to be used through the tube.

Question 3

What is a laparoscopic surgery?

Answer 3

operations performed inside the abdomen and peritoneum using a laparascope

Question 4

What is a laparoscope?

Answer 4

thin, tube-like instrument with a light and lens

Question 5

The distinction between a major vs. minor surgery is:

Answer 5

importance/seriousness/simplicity

whether or not there is a risk of life

Question 6

Define ‘ostomy’

Answer 6

artificial opening made to create a new connection between 2 tubes or between a tube and the external body

Question 7

Define ‘plasty’

Answer 7

refashioning of something to make it work

Question 8

Define ‘otomy’

Answer 8

cutting something open

Question 9

What is a laparotomy?

Answer 9

surgical incision into the abdomen

Question 10

What are the steps in general anesthesia administration?

Answer 10

1. induction: IV agent sedates or reduces consciousness
2. analgesic and mm relaxant are administered
3. oxygenation with high O2 concentrations
4. airway control during surgery

Question 11

Define ‘cardiac ablation’

Answer 11

intentional destruction of small amounts of cardiac tissue that disturb electrical flow through the heart

Question 12

What is a balloon angioplasty? When is it used?

Answer 12

for CAD

procedure to restore blood flow through an artery - a tube is inserted with a balloon on the end; the balloon is inflated to push the plaque outward against the arterial wall, widening the artery.

Question 13

What is replaced in a total hip replacement?

Answer 13

both the femur and the socket

Question 14

The criteria for a total hip replacement require:

Answer 14

patient has moderate to severe arthritis (OA, RA, or post-traumatic arthritis) interfering with ADLs

Question 15

The only indication for knee replacement is…

Answer 15

OA of the knee

Question 16

Knee replacement removes diseased cartilage and plants made of ___ and __ are fixed to the bones:

Answer 16

high density plastic and implant grade steel

Question 17

Differentiate keloid vs. hypertrophic scars:

Answer 17

keloid extend beyond the wound’s boundaries (tx: topical steroids)
hypertrophic stay within the bounds

Question 18

Common general post-operative complications include:

Answer 18

fever
atelectasis (lung collapse)
wound infection
embolism
DVT

Question 19

List some specific complications after surgery:

Answer 19

loss of tensile strength of c.t., tendons, ligaments
wound dehiscence (wound ruptures along surgical suture)
muscle weakness
nerve damage
fat emboli (to the brain or lungs…)
impaired healing

Question 20

What’s one consideration for massage for someone taking analgesics?

Answer 20

avoid deep pressure and extreme end ROM

Question 21

What’s one consideration for massage for someone taking anti-asthmatic medications?

Answer 21

may have increased SNS response such as increased HR, respiration, and BP

Question 22

What’s one consideration for massage for someone taking anti-coagulants?

Answer 22

avoid deep tqs like repetitive mm stripping and frictions, which could lead to bruising! same with deep tapotement

Question 23

What’s one consideration for massage for someone taking anti-depressants?

Answer 23

may have altered vascular response to temperature change - use moderate temperatures for hydrotherapy

Question 24

What’s one consideration for massage for someone taking anti-inflammatories?

Answer 24

avoid techniques that rely on inflammation (frictions!!)

Question 25

What’s one consideration for massage for someone taking CORTICOSTEROIDS?

Answer 25

• avoid injection site for 14-21 days post-injection
• be aware of decreased tissue health with chronic use
• may be a palpable gap in muscles that have had repeated injections

Question 26

What’s one consideration for massage for someone taking mm relaxants?

Answer 26

• alter the stretch response of muscles - may feel stretchy or loose on palpation
• avoid deep techniques, extreme stretches and full-body hydrotherapy applications
• beware of postural hypotension and dizziness