wounds

Question 1

wounds

Answer 1

described as a physical injury causing a break in the skin or mucous membrane. Most common types of wounds are trauma (accidental or self-inflicted) wounds, surgical incisions, and several types of ulcers. When the skin’s integrity is broken, the internal environment is open to microorganisms that may be harmful. Wounds may be unintentional or intentional.

Question 2

wound recognition

Answer 2

people commonly experience wounds, the ability to recognize various wounds is important in determining the plan of care and facilitating wound healing.

Question 3

Arterial bleeding

Answer 3

– blood comes in spurts with each heartbeat and is bright red or pink. Usually the most severe type of hemorrhage. Arterial bleeding is a serious medical emergency.

Question 4

Venous blleding

Answer 4

blood flows steadily and is dark in color. Usually, venous bleeding is minor and stops by itself.

Question 5

capillery bleeding

Answer 5

blood oozes out of the wound

Question 6

contusion

Answer 6

injury to soft tissue underneath the skin from a force from a hard object, also called a bruise. Epidermis remains intact but the blood vessels in the dermis are damaged

Question 7

Abrasion

Answer 7

a wound in which the surface layer of skin is ripped away

Question 8

laceration

Answer 8

caused by a sheer force that separates the tissue, cut can be irregular and sharp.
can be caused by sharp or blunt object

Question 9

puncture

Answer 9

sharp object passing through the skin. opening maybe small and depth may not be visible

Question 10

projectile

Answer 10

a perforating puncture wound. this wound may have a entrance and exit wound

Question 11

amputations

Answer 11

the partial or complete severance of a body part. Jagged skin and bones may be exposed. There may be massive bleeding or the force of the blast closes of blood vessels

Question 12

fracture

Answer 12

A break in a bone, classified as open or closed fractures

Question 13

dislocation

Answer 13

disruption or coming apart of a joint

Question 14

Burns/ types of burns

Answer 14

Burn injuries can involve structures below the skin, including muscles,
bones, nerves, and blood vessels. Burns can be classified based on agent source and
by depth.
thermal, electrical, chemical, radiation, light

Question 15

Burn descriptions

Answer 15

Thermal Burns: involves heat from flame, fire, steam, hot liquids, ect.

(II) Chemical Burns: involves various acids, bases, and caustics.

(III) Electrical Burns: involves alternating current, direct current, and lightning.

(IV) Light Burns: from intense light sources such as lasers.

(V) Radiation Burns: usually from nuclear sources and ultraviolet light.

Question 16

superficial burn

Answer 16

only involves the epidermis and is characterized with

reddening of the skin and some swelling. An example is sun burn. (1st degree burn)

Question 17

partial thickness burn

Answer 17

the epidermis is burned through and the dermis is
damaged. Reddening, blisters, and a spotted appearance of the skin is present. (2nd
Degree burn)

Question 18

full thickness burn

Answer 18

all layers of the skin are damaged. May appear
charred and black or dry and white. Enough nerves may be damaged where the
patient may not experience pain. Peripheral to the burn may be painful due to partial thickness burns. This type of burn requires skin grafting.

Question 19

Principles of Wound Healing:

Answer 19

Wound healing is the organized and orderly process
by which wounds close and tissue regains continuity. The human body will attempt to
return to homeostasis after experiencing a wound. The process of wound healing
occurs over time. The more severe the wound the longer the wound healing.

Question 20

wound

Answer 20

Trauma to any of the tissues of the body, especially that which is
caused by physical means and with interruption of the continuity.

Question 21

inflammation

Answer 21

: A localized, proactive response elicited by injury or destruction of
tissue.

Question 22

edema

Answer 22

The abnormal accumulation of excessive fluid in the intercellular
spaces. The fluid is high in large molecule proteins that are the building blocks of new
tissue.

Question 23

infection

Answer 23

Invasion of bacterial or viral pathological agents into a wound causing
a local or systemic response.

Question 24

scar

Answer 24

Fibrous tissue replacing normal tissues destroyed by injury or disease

Question 25

open wound

Answer 25

Injury in which the skin is interrupted, exposing the tissue beneath.

Question 26

closed wound

Answer 26

Internal Injury with no open pathway from the outside

Question 27

Black wound

Answer 27

) black wound ranges from dark brown to gray black in color

(II) Wound is covered in thick necrotic (dead) tissue, which provides a medium
for bacteria to grow.

(III) Debridement or in extensive wounds, amputation is required to remove the necrotic tissue to prevent a gangrene condition.

Question 28

Yellow wound

Answer 28

Yellow wound may range in color from a creamy ivory to a canary yellow

(II) Infected wound: usually contains pus, yellow fibrous debris, and has a
distinctive odor.

(III) Continual cleansing, removal of nonviable tissue, and absorption of excess
drainage are very important in managing this type of wound.

Question 29

Red wound

Answer 29

Wound is uninfected, hearing according to a predictable schedule and is
usually red or pink in color

(II) Red wound has defined borders, granulation tissue and revascularization.

(III) Superficial wounds and acute partial or second degree-burns are classified
as red wounds if they are uniformly pink in appearance.

Question 30

Wound Healing processes

Answer 30

Inflammatory

• hemostasis and fibrin net: 3-5 days
• fibroblastic/ proliferation:5 days -3 weeks
• maturation/ remodeling: 3 weeks- 2 years

Question 31

Inflammatory phase

Answer 31

II) Hemostasis occurs with stopping the flow of blood via vasoconstriction,
abnormal obstruction (plaque), coagulation (clotting) or surgical intervention. Clotting
forms by reducing blood flow to the injured blood vessel and platelets passing through
the injured vessel begin to stick to the collagen fibers. A fibrin net is created when
collagen fibers form thread to create a mesh-like framework. Red blood cells, platelets
become trapped and dry to form scabs.

White blood cells such as neutrophils and macrophages engulf and destroy
bacterial and microscopic foreign objects during inflammatory phase.

Question 32

fibroblastic/proliferation

Answer 32

) Epithelial cells, fibroblasts, and endothelial cells produce growth factors. Collagen is produced increase strength of the wound to hold it closed.

(III) Granulation tissue forms to allow epithelial cells to move across new tissue to form a barrier between the wound and environment.

Question 33

remodeling/maturation

Answer 33

Collagen production and degradation equalize, via collagen synthesis and collagen lysis. (When new collagen is produce, old collagen is destroyed).

(III) Tensile strength of the wound is increased via scar formation. Scars lose their read appearance as blood vessels no longer needed for wound healing are destroyed within the new tissue. Scar tissue has 80% strength compared to unwounded skin

Question 34

Delayed Healing

Answer 34

Factors causing delayed healing: smoking, poor nutrition, alcoholism, diabetes,
renal and liver disease, vascular sufficiency, immunosuppressive agents, excessive steroid use, and connective tissue diseases.