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IBAM Module 3 > Bites And Stings > Flashcards

Bites And Stings Flashcards

1
Q

Arthropods

A

Animals including ticks, spiders,mites and other insects as well as crustaceans such as shrimp, lobsters and crab

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2
Q

Vector

A

A carrier, this is described as an arthropod that transports disease causing organisms. From one host to another

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3
Q

Venom

A

Toxin produced by some animals such as Scorpio s, spiders and snakes

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4
Q

Envenomation

A

The poisonous effects of the bites or stings

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5
Q

Types of transmission

A

Passive( mechanical transmission)

Active ( biological transmission)

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6
Q

Passive transmission

A

-Arthropods carry pathogens from one host to another, the pathogen does nothing during the transfer.
Flies carry bacteria on their feet and mouths.
-Eating food contaminate by a fly can give you dysentery or diarrheal disease
- Cockroaches are similar to flies with their transport service

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7
Q

Active transport

A

Transmission of disease causing agent undergoes a change in the body of the arthropod.
It may multiply or develop an infectious form

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8
Q

Inoculation

A

Vector injects pathogen with saliva while it feeds on host

-Mosquitos transmit malaria

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9
Q

Regurgitation

A

The vector vomits the pathogen into the host while it feeds on the host
- fleas transmitted the bubonic plague this way

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10
Q

Bubonic plague Bacteria

A

Multiplies rapidly in fleas gut blocking passage way. When the flea tries to eat it cannot, so it vomits the bacteria into the host

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11
Q

Fecal contamination

A

The vector shits into the wound on the host. Itching scratching or rubbing by the host causes the pathogen to enter the body

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12
Q

Chagas’ disease

A

North American sleeping sickness is transmitted by the tratomite bug through fecal matter

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13
Q

Crushing the vector

A 
The vector( bug ) is smashed onto the host skin. When the host wiped the bug off the pathogen is rubbed into the skin.
Typhus lived and multiplied in louse and was transmitted this way
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14
Q

Mosquitos

A

The most significant arthropod to the military
Found everywhere in high numbers
Transmit large numbers of disease( can stop wars)
During WWII units were combat ineffective because of malaria

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15
Q

Mosquito Larvae

A

Inhabit areas with standing water, ponds, puddles and ditches.
Adult mosquitoes don’t travel to far from their larval habitats

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16
Q

Malaria

A

Ancient disease.
1500 cases a year in the US
Primary means of infection are bites from malaria infected female mosquito
Incubation period for malaria is approximately 7-30 days after the bite.
Ovale and Vivax species may not see symptoms for months

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17
Q

Where does malaria come from

A

One called parasite called plasmodium.
Female mosquitos pick up parasites from infected people when they bite them to obtain blood to nurture their eggs
Inside the mosquito the parasite develops and reproduces

18
Q

Malaria signs/ symptoms

A 
Fever alternating with chills
Headache 
Muscle aches
Sweats 
Abdominal pain and diarrhea 
Deadly if left untreated
2012 had 207 million cases of malaria and 627 thousand deaths
19
Q

Malaria treatment/ prevention of bites from mosquitos

A

Insect bar( bednets) they are active during dusk and dawn spray net to kill mosquitos
Long sleeved loose fitting clothing: mosquitoes can only bite through clothing tight on your skin
Chemical repellent: DEET should be applied to skin every 4-6 hours
Permethrin is used for fabric

20
Q

Malaria/ prevention of the disease

A

Chemoprophylaxis and early and effective diagnosis and treatment
( malaria is a multi drug resistant disease) so this is not a 100% fix

Avoid mosquito bites

21
Q

What mosquitos are more active during daylight

A

Those infected with the Dengue fever and Chikungunya virus

22
Q

Malaria prevalence

A 
Mexico and Central America 
North part of South America 
Majority of Africa
The Middle East 
India and China areas
23
Q

Filth flies and cockroaches vector

A

They carry cholera, dysentery, typhoid and food borne gastroenteritis.

They pick up nasty shit from decaying animal bodies and transfer them to humans by vomiting or feces

24
Q

Fruit flies and cockroach habitat

A

Live near animal or human water
Mud or highly organic content
Large populations mean unsanitary conditions

25
Q

Sandflies

A

Small bloodsucking bats that look like small mosquitos
Causes Sandfly fever and Leishmaniasis

Avoid dogs or domesticated animals
Proper uniform and application of repellents

26
Q

Fleas

A

Persistent and painful biters, effficient vectors for plague and typhus, and tularemia

Fleas become infected feeding on rodents

Habitat:
Large populations are found around animal beds burrows and nests
Prevalent during rainy seasons

27
Q

Ticks

A

Most effective disease transporting arthropod when it comes to disease transmission

Can pass pathogens to eggs so when larva hatched it’s already a vector

Habitat: found in areas of y’all grass or underbrush close to mammal resting places
US, Europe, Asia, Australia

Prevention: search total area and remove ticks promptly. Use gentle steady traction with forceps or tweezers to make sure not to leave the mouthpieces( clean with soap and water

28
Q

Mites

A

Tiny arthropods barely visible to the naked eye
Mite are are found in skin folds finger, toe webs, axilla, or genitals

Ointments and washing clothes help

Practice cleanliness

29
Q

Chiggers

A

Known as red bugs, joggers or harvest mites
Found in most areas of the world

Inhabit: tall grass associated with low wet spots such as ponds and forest underbrush

Attach themselves to clothing and move to the body for feeding

Signs/symptoms
Itching and small welts bites may still itch after 2-3 weeks

30
Q

Lice

A

Anyone may become infested
Easily transmitted from person to person

Practice good personal hygiene
Regular changing of the clothes and laundry procedures

31
Q

Types of snakes

A

Pit vipers and Coral snakes

32
Q

Pit Vipers

A

Rattlesnake, copperheads and water moccasins

33
Q

Snake bite signs and symptoms

A 
Noticeable bite or scratch if the skin, maybe one fang mark
Pn! And swelling 
Rapid pulse and labored breathing
Nausea/ vomiting 
Progressive weakness to unconsciousness 
Anaphylaxis
34
Q

Field treatment for snake bites

A

Initial C.A.B for allergic reaction anaphylaxis
Remove watches and jewelry from affect extremity
Calming the patient will slow down the venom
Place and tie a constructive band 4-6 inches above the bite( should restrict venous and lymph but not arterial flow) should be loose enough to easily slide a finger underneath
Gently clean venom off the snake bit
Immobilize and splint the limb
Take to treatment facility for tetanus prophylaxis

35
Q

What not to do for snake bites

A

Don’t try to capture the snake
Don’t auction/cut the bite
Don’t ice the bite
If dead, the snake should be brought to treatment facility with the patient for ID
Don’t touch the head of a snake dead snakes can bite

36
Q

Black widow

A

Shiny and black with a red hour glass on the abdomen

Bite is minor and often unnoticed

37
Q

Black widow bite

A

Symptoms of envenomation occur within 10-60 minutes
Sever pain in extremity
Muscle spasms of abdomen and trunk
Headache, nausea, vomiting
Death is rare( very young and old at great risk)
Symptoms last 24-36 hours

38
Q

Black widow bite treatment

A

Taken for evaluation at a medical facility
All patients will be evaluated for 12-24 hours
Antivenom is given in rare cases

39
Q

Brown recluse

A

Has a dark violin shaped area in its back
Found in woodpiles, garages and other dark places
Venom cause local tissue death
Bite initially seems mild and goes unnoticed

40
Q

Brown recluse bite symptoms

A

Begins 1-4 hours after bit
Red area appears along with central pistils or vesicle( May grow to form a crater within 3-4 days
Healing is slow
Low grade fever, myalgia, nausea and vomiting

Treatment 
Ice/ elevation 
Tetanus should be updated
Antibiotics for secondary infection 
Occasional surgical incision is needed
41
Q

Scorpions

A 
Are a part of the arachnid family 
3 inches long 8 legs and small claws 
Stinger at the end of a long tail
650 species of scorpions 
40 in southwest US
42
Q

What is the only scorpion in the US that can kill people?

A

The Arizona Bark Scorpion

IBAM Module 3 (5 decks)

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