Bites And Stings

Question 1

Arthropods

Answer 1

Animals including ticks, spiders,mites and other insects as well as crustaceans such as shrimp, lobsters and crab

Question 2

Vector

Answer 2

A carrier, this is described as an arthropod that transports disease causing organisms. From one host to another

Question 3

Venom

Answer 3

Toxin produced by some animals such as Scorpio s, spiders and snakes

Question 4

Envenomation

Answer 4

The poisonous effects of the bites or stings

Question 5

Types of transmission

Answer 5

Passive( mechanical transmission)

Active ( biological transmission)

Question 6

Passive transmission

Answer 6

-Arthropods carry pathogens from one host to another, the pathogen does nothing during the transfer.
Flies carry bacteria on their feet and mouths.
-Eating food contaminate by a fly can give you dysentery or diarrheal disease
- Cockroaches are similar to flies with their transport service

Question 7

Active transport

Answer 7

Transmission of disease causing agent undergoes a change in the body of the arthropod.
It may multiply or develop an infectious form

Question 8

Inoculation

Answer 8

Vector injects pathogen with saliva while it feeds on host

-Mosquitos transmit malaria

Question 9

Regurgitation

Answer 9

The vector vomits the pathogen into the host while it feeds on the host
- fleas transmitted the bubonic plague this way

Question 10

Bubonic plague Bacteria

Answer 10

Multiplies rapidly in fleas gut blocking passage way. When the flea tries to eat it cannot, so it vomits the bacteria into the host

Question 11

Fecal contamination

Answer 11

The vector shits into the wound on the host. Itching scratching or rubbing by the host causes the pathogen to enter the body

Question 12

Chagas’ disease

Answer 12

North American sleeping sickness is transmitted by the tratomite bug through fecal matter

Question 13

Crushing the vector

Answer 13

The vector( bug ) is smashed onto the host skin. When the host wiped the bug off the pathogen is rubbed into the skin.
Typhus lived and multiplied in louse and was transmitted this way

Question 14

Mosquitos

Answer 14

The most significant arthropod to the military
Found everywhere in high numbers
Transmit large numbers of disease( can stop wars)
During WWII units were combat ineffective because of malaria

Question 15

Mosquito Larvae

Answer 15

Inhabit areas with standing water, ponds, puddles and ditches.
Adult mosquitoes don’t travel to far from their larval habitats

Question 16

Malaria

Answer 16

Ancient disease.
1500 cases a year in the US
Primary means of infection are bites from malaria infected female mosquito
Incubation period for malaria is approximately 7-30 days after the bite.
Ovale and Vivax species may not see symptoms for months

Question 17

Where does malaria come from

Answer 17

One called parasite called plasmodium.
Female mosquitos pick up parasites from infected people when they bite them to obtain blood to nurture their eggs
Inside the mosquito the parasite develops and reproduces

Question 18

Malaria signs/ symptoms

Answer 18

Fever alternating with chills
Headache 
Muscle aches
Sweats 
Abdominal pain and diarrhea 
Deadly if left untreated
2012 had 207 million cases of malaria and 627 thousand deaths

Question 19

Malaria treatment/ prevention of bites from mosquitos

Answer 19

Insect bar( bednets) they are active during dusk and dawn spray net to kill mosquitos
Long sleeved loose fitting clothing: mosquitoes can only bite through clothing tight on your skin
Chemical repellent: DEET should be applied to skin every 4-6 hours
Permethrin is used for fabric

Question 20

Malaria/ prevention of the disease

Answer 20

Chemoprophylaxis and early and effective diagnosis and treatment
( malaria is a multi drug resistant disease) so this is not a 100% fix

Avoid mosquito bites

Question 21

What mosquitos are more active during daylight

Answer 21

Those infected with the Dengue fever and Chikungunya virus

Question 22

Malaria prevalence

Answer 22

Mexico and Central America 
North part of South America 
Majority of Africa
The Middle East 
India and China areas

Question 23

Filth flies and cockroaches vector

Answer 23

They carry cholera, dysentery, typhoid and food borne gastroenteritis.

They pick up nasty shit from decaying animal bodies and transfer them to humans by vomiting or feces

Question 24

Fruit flies and cockroach habitat

Answer 24

Live near animal or human water
Mud or highly organic content
Large populations mean unsanitary conditions

Question 25

Sandflies

Answer 25

Small bloodsucking bats that look like small mosquitos Causes Sandfly fever and Leishmaniasis Avoid dogs or domesticated animals Proper uniform and application of repellents

Question 26

Fleas

Answer 26

Persistent and painful biters, effficient vectors for plague and typhus, and tularemia Fleas become infected feeding on rodents Habitat: Large populations are found around animal beds burrows and nests Prevalent during rainy seasons

Question 27

Ticks

Answer 27

Most effective disease transporting arthropod when it comes to disease transmission Can pass pathogens to eggs so when larva hatched it’s already a vector Habitat: found in areas of y’all grass or underbrush close to mammal resting places US, Europe, Asia, Australia Prevention: search total area and remove ticks promptly. Use gentle steady traction with forceps or tweezers to make sure not to leave the mouthpieces( clean with soap and water

Question 28

Mites

Answer 28

Tiny arthropods barely visible to the naked eye Mite are are found in skin folds finger, toe webs, axilla, or genitals Ointments and washing clothes help Practice cleanliness

Question 29

Chiggers

Answer 29

Known as red bugs, joggers or harvest mites Found in most areas of the world Inhabit: tall grass associated with low wet spots such as ponds and forest underbrush Attach themselves to clothing and move to the body for feeding Signs/symptoms Itching and small welts bites may still itch after 2-3 weeks

Question 30

Lice

Answer 30

Anyone may become infested Easily transmitted from person to person Practice good personal hygiene Regular changing of the clothes and laundry procedures

Question 31

Types of snakes

Answer 31

Pit vipers and Coral snakes

Question 32

Pit Vipers

Answer 32

Rattlesnake, copperheads and water moccasins

Question 33

Snake bite signs and symptoms

Answer 33

``` Noticeable bite or scratch if the skin, maybe one fang mark Pn! And swelling Rapid pulse and labored breathing Nausea/ vomiting Progressive weakness to unconsciousness Anaphylaxis ```

Question 34

Field treatment for snake bites

Answer 34

Initial C.A.B for allergic reaction anaphylaxis Remove watches and jewelry from affect extremity Calming the patient will slow down the venom Place and tie a constructive band 4-6 inches above the bite( should restrict venous and lymph but not arterial flow) should be loose enough to easily slide a finger underneath Gently clean venom off the snake bit Immobilize and splint the limb Take to treatment facility for tetanus prophylaxis

Question 35

What not to do for snake bites

Answer 35

Don’t try to capture the snake Don’t auction/cut the bite Don’t ice the bite If dead, the snake should be brought to treatment facility with the patient for ID Don’t touch the head of a snake dead snakes can bite

Question 36

Black widow

Answer 36

Shiny and black with a red hour glass on the abdomen | Bite is minor and often unnoticed

Question 37

Black widow bite

Answer 37

Symptoms of envenomation occur within 10-60 minutes Sever pain in extremity Muscle spasms of abdomen and trunk Headache, nausea, vomiting Death is rare( very young and old at great risk) Symptoms last 24-36 hours

Question 38

Black widow bite treatment

Answer 38

Taken for evaluation at a medical facility All patients will be evaluated for 12-24 hours Antivenom is given in rare cases

Question 39

Brown recluse

Answer 39

Has a dark violin shaped area in its back Found in woodpiles, garages and other dark places Venom cause local tissue death Bite initially seems mild and goes unnoticed

Question 40

Brown recluse bite symptoms

Answer 40

Begins 1-4 hours after bit Red area appears along with central pistils or vesicle( May grow to form a crater within 3-4 days Healing is slow Low grade fever, myalgia, nausea and vomiting ``` Treatment Ice/ elevation Tetanus should be updated Antibiotics for secondary infection Occasional surgical incision is needed ```

Question 41

Scorpions

Answer 41

``` Are a part of the arachnid family 3 inches long 8 legs and small claws Stinger at the end of a long tail 650 species of scorpions 40 in southwest US ```

Question 42

What is the only scorpion in the US that can kill people?

Answer 42

The Arizona Bark Scorpion