Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Integumentary System > Wound Types And Characteristics > Flashcards

Wound Types And Characteristics Flashcards

1
Q

Name the Four types of Ulcers.

A
  1. Arterial Insufficiency Ulcers
  2. Venous Insufficiency Ulcers
  3. Neuropathic Ulcers
  4. Pressure Ulcers (Decubitus Ulcer)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Where are arterial wounds most frequently located?

A
  1. Lateral malleoli
  2. Toes
  3. Dorsum Feet
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is typically the etiology of arterial ulcers?

A
  1. Atherosclerosis obliterans: intermittent claudication, rest pain, and tropic changes
  2. Atheroembolism
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Describe the appearance of arterial ulcers?

A
  1. Irregular, smooth edges
  2. Minimum to no granulation
  3. Usually deep
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What are some tell tale signs a patient may have arterial disease?

A
  1. abnormal nail growth
  2. Decreased leg & foot hair
  3. Dry skin
  4. Skin is cool upon palpation
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Venous are arterial ulcers are painful.

A

Arterial ulcers are painful, especially with legs elevated

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Gangrene may or may not be present with arterial ulcers.

A

May be present

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

True or False: Arterial ulcers will have drainage

A

False. No drainage will be present

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What are some associate signs with arterial ulcers?

A
  1. Trophic changes
  2. Pallor on foot elevation
  3. Dusky rubor on dependency
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

A type of insufficiency that is refers to a lack of adequate blood flow to a region or regions of the body

A

Arterial insufficiency

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

A type of insufficiency that refers to inadequate drainage of venous blood from a body part usually resulting in edema and.or skin abnormalities and ulcerations

A

Venous insufficiency

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is the most common cause of leg ulcers?

A

CVI (chronic venous insufficiency)

80% of ulcers are typically caused by venous insufficiency

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Etiology of venous ulcers

A
  1. Valvular incompetence

2. Venous hypertension

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Describe the appearance of venous ulcers

A
  1. Irregular; dark pigmentation, sometimes fibrotic
  2. Good granulation
  3. Usually shallow
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Where are venous ulcers usually located?

A
  1. Distal lower leg

2. Medial malleoli (proximal)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

The pedal pulses will be absent with venous ulcers or arterial ulcers?

A

Arterial ulcers (absent)

Venous ulcers (present)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

True or false: Venous ulcers great little pain, and with the pain that occurs typically elevation helps relieve this pain.

A

True

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

For venous ulcers, expect to see _______ amounts of ________.

A

Moderate amounts of exudate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What are associated signs with venous ulcers?

A
  1. Edema
  2. Statsis dermatitis
  3. Possible cyanosis on dependency
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What is the most common preventative and treatment therapeutic measure used for venous leg ulcers?

A

Compression

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

When is compression contraindicated for venous ulcers?

A

When ABI is <0.70 or patient has active DVT

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

A red wound indicates what?

A

Healthy granulating wounds; absence of necrotic tissue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

A yellow wound indicates what?

A

Included slough (necrotic or dead tissue), fibrous tissue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

A black wound indicates?

A

Covered with eschar (dried necrotic tissue)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

What is an indolent ulcer

A

An ulcer that is slow to heal; is not painful

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

What is eschar?

A

hard/leathery, black/brown, dehydrated tissue that firmly adheres to wound bed

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

What is slough?

A

moist, stringy/mutinous, white/yellow tissue that tends to be loosely attached in clumps to wound bed

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

what is recommend for most ulcers to cleanse the wound?

A

Normal Saline (0.9% NaCl))

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

True or False: Whirlpool is not supported for wound care. PLWV is a more effective treatment alternative.

A

True

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

List the selective debridement options.

A
  1. Autolytic debridement
  2. Enzymatic debridement
  3. Sharp debridement
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

Describe autolytic debridement

A

Use of body’s own mechanisms to remove viable tissue

Moist wound environment which hydrates necrotic tissue/eschar, facilitating enzymatic digestion of nonviable tissue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

What are common methods of autolytic debridement?

A

Use of transparent film, hydrocolloids, and alginates

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

What are the indications for autolytic debridement?

A
  1. Individuals on anticoagulant therapy
  2. Patients who cannot tolerate other forms of debridement
  3. All necrotic wounds that are medically stable
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

List the contraindications for autolytic debridement

A
  1. Infected wounds
  2. Dry gangrene or dry ischemic wounds
  3. Individuals immunosuppressed
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

How many days is the autolytic dressing kept in place?

A

3-7 days

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

What is enzymatic debridement.

A

Application of topical agent that breaks down/liquifies necrotic tissue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

The following are indications for which type of selective debridement: All moist necrotic wounds, eschar after cross-hatching, homebound individuals, and people who cannot tolerate surgical debridement

A

Enzymatic debridment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

What are the contraindicaitons of enzymatic debridement?

A
  1. Ischemic wounds unless adequate vascular s Tatum has been determined
  2. Dry gangrene
  3. Clean, granulated wounds
39
Q

Describe sharp debridement.

A

Use of scale, scissors, and/or forceps to selectively rove devitalized tissue, foreign material or debris from wound

No anesthesia used

40
Q

True or false: Sharp debridement can be used in the presence of cellulitis or sepsis

A

True

41
Q

List the indications for sharp debridement

A
  1. Scoring and/or excision of leathery eschar

2. Remove of moist necrotic tissue

42
Q

List the Non-selective debridement techniques.

A
  1. Wet - to - dry dressings
  2. Wound irrigation (PLSW)
  3. Hydrothermal
43
Q

What medication is currently effective against all staphylococcus infections?

A

Bactroban ointment and gentamicicin

44
Q

What modalities are commonly used for wounds to activate cells at the cellular level?

A

Electrical stimulation (ES) and ultrasound (US)

45
Q

When using Estimate which form of estim should be used?

A

High-voltage pulsed current + Pulsed biphasic current

Continous waveform application with direct current

46
Q

What is the purpose of estim in regards of wound managment?

A

Improve circulation, facilitate debridement, and enhance tissue repair

47
Q

What protein is important to look at when trying to determine if delayed wound healing is a result of malnutrition?

A

Albumin

48
Q

What are the normal values of albumin?

A

3.5-55 mg/dl

49
Q

What values of albumin suggest malnutrition?

A

<3.5 mg/dl

50
Q

What value of BMI with weight loss increases risk of pressure ulcers?

A

BMI = 21

51
Q

How many liters of fluids (H20) should a person with wounds drink per day?

A

3 Liters

52
Q

What kind of diet should patients with wounds be on?

A

High calorie/High protein diets

25-35 kcal/kg/body weight)/1.5-2.5 gm/kg bod weight

53
Q

What is a common antiseptic used topically on wounds?

A

Providone-iodine

54
Q

How often should a patient be turned in acute and rehabilitation hospitals to prevent pressure ulcers?

A

Every 2 hours

55
Q

How often should a patient perform weight shifting if in a wheelchair to prevent pressure ulcers?

A

Every 15 minutes

56
Q

List the types of dressing that can be used in wound care management?

A

Alginates

  1. Foam dressing
  2. Gauze
  3. Hydrocolloids
  4. Hydrogels
  5. Transparent films
57
Q

Describe characteristics of Alginates.

A
  • Derived from calcium salt comment of aligning acid
  • Highly absorptive, but Highly permeable (allows bacteria in)
  • non occlusive
  • Interacts with wound bed to create gel-like layer keeping wound moist
  • absorb up to 20x its weight
58
Q

How often should alginates be changed?

A

Varies from every 8 hrs to 2-3 days

59
Q

When is alginates indicated?

A

When wounds has moderate to large amounts of exudate (and maybe necrosis)

When wounds require packing and absorption

*GOOD FOR AUTOLYTIC debridement

60
Q

True or false: Alginates are non-adhering to the wound have often require a second dressing (transparent film or gauze pad) to keep them in place.

A

true

61
Q

When should alginates not be used?

A

When tendons, joints/capsule, or bones are exposed

62
Q

List characteristics of foam Dressings.

A
  1. Made of hydrophilic ((wound surface)) and/or hydrophobic (outer layer
  2. Semipermeable
  3. Adhesive and non-adhesive
  4. Absorbs exudate
63
Q

How often should foam be changed?

A

Every 1-5 days; depends on the amount of exudate

64
Q

What type of wounds are alginates usually used on?

A

Partial-thickness and full-thickness draining wounds + commonly used on infected wounds

I.e. pressure or venous insufficiency ulcers

65
Q

Describe characteristics of gauze.

A
  • most readily available (made from yarn or thread)
  • Can be impregnated
  • Good filler for larger wounds
  • commonly used on infections
  • Good mechanical debridement if done correctly
  • Highly permeable
66
Q

True or false: if gauze is too wet, it will macerate the surrounding skin

A

True

67
Q

Which kind of gauze should be used for debridement?

A

Mesh gauze

68
Q

Which kind of gauze should be used for protection?

A

Fine gauze

69
Q

True or false: Gauze has an increased infection rate compared to occlusive dressings

A

True

70
Q

Describe Hydrocolloids.

A
  • consist of gel-forming polymers backed by strong film/adhesive
  • Occlusive or semi-occlusive
  • Does not attach wound bed but surrounding skin
  • Absorbs exudate by swelling into gel-like mass
  • Impermeable/water proof
71
Q

What are the indications for hydrocolloids?

A
  1. Protection of partial/full thickness wounds
  2. Autolytic debridement of necrosis/slough
  3. Wounds with MILD exudate
72
Q

What type of wounds should hydrocolloids not be used on?

A
  1. Wounds with heavy exudate
  2. Sinus tracts/infections
  3. Bone/tendon/fragile skin
  4. Infected wounds
73
Q

Name one disadvantage of hydrocolloids?

A
  1. Non transparent
74
Q

How large of a margin of healthy tissue should be left when applying hydrocolloid?

A

1 to 1.5 inches

75
Q

How often should hydrocolloids be changed?

A

3-7 days

76
Q

What is a common characteristic seen when using hyrdocolliods after removing dressing?

A

Odor with yellow exudate that is similar to pus (melted material); normal when dressing is removed

77
Q

Which dressing is the most occlusive dressing of the moisture-retentive dressings?

A

Hydrocolloids

78
Q

Which dressing is the dressing of choice during maggot debridement?

A

Hydrocolloids dressings

79
Q

List characteristics of hydrogels (classified as amorphous)

A
  • consist of water (@ least 90%) + gel-forming materials (glycerin)
80
Q

Purpose of hydrogels?

A
  1. Increase moisture in dry wound beds
  2. Soften necrotic tissue
  3. Support autolytic debridement
81
Q

Which dressing can be used as a coupling agent for US?

A

Hydrogel

82
Q

What kind of wounds are hydrogels used for?

A
  1. Partial/full thickness wounds
  2. Wounds with necrosis and slough
  3. Burns and tissue damaged by radiation
83
Q

How much absorption do hydrogels provided?

A

Mild to moderate absorption

84
Q

List some disadvantages when using hydrogel dressings?

A
  1. Requires second dressing
  2. not used for heavily exudating wound
  3. May dry out and adhere to wound
  4. May macerate surrounding skin
85
Q

How often should hydrogels be changed?

A

1-5 days

86
Q

Describe transparent films.

A

Thin membranes made with water-resistant adhesives + highly elastic and contour well to body parts

Permeable to vapor and O2 + Impermeable to bacteria and H2O

Adhesive

87
Q

What stage of ulcers would you want to use transparent films with?

A

Stage I and II pressure ulcers

88
Q

What dressing can be used for skin donor sites?

A

Transparent films

89
Q

True or False: Transparent films should be used for wounds with mod to large exudate.

A

False; Transparent films are nonabsorbtive, therefore should be used for wounds with minimal exudate (scalds, abrasions, lacerations)

Avoid wounds with infections and copious drainage, or tracts.

90
Q

What is an advantage of a transparent film that other dressings don’t allow?

A

Visual evolution of the wound without removal

91
Q

How much of a margin should be left around the wound bed when applying transparents films?

A

1-2” margin

92
Q

Which dressing is typically very soothing for the patient?

A

Hydrogel

93
Q

List the dressings from most occlusive (transmit moisture vapor/gases b/t wound bed atmosphere) to Non-occlusive

A
  1. Hydrocolloids
  2. Hydrogels
  3. Semipermeable foams
  4. Semipermeable film
  5. Impregnated gauze
  6. Alginates
  7. Traditional gauze
94
Q

List dressings from most to least moisture retentive

A
  1. Alginates
  2. Semipermeable foams
  3. Hydrocolliods
  4. Hydrogels
  5. Semipermeable films

Integumentary System (6 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions