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Integumentary System > Common Skin Disorders > Flashcards

Common Skin Disorders Flashcards

1
Q

Dermatitis is also known as Eczema, what are 3 common causes?

A
  1. Allergic or contact dermatitis: poison ivy
  2. Actinic: Photosensitivity, reaction to sunlight, UV
  3. Atopic: etiology unknown, may be hereditary
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2
Q

Dermatitis can be classified as acute, subacute or chronic. describe the acute stage of dermatitis.

A

Red, oozing, crusting rash; extensive erosions, exudate, pruritic vesicles

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3
Q

Describe the subacute phase of dermatitis

A

Erythematous skin, scaling, scattered plaques

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4
Q

Describe the chronic stage of dermatitis.

A

Thickened skin, increased skin marking secondary to scratching; fibrotic papules, and nodules; post-inflammatory pigmentation changes

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5
Q

Name this pathology: Superficial skin infection caused by staphylococci or streptococci and is associated with inflammation; small puss-filled vesicles, itching.

A

Impetigo

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6
Q

True or False: Impetigo is highly contagious and is common in children and elderly

A

True

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7
Q

Name this pathology: Suppurative inflammation of cellular or connective tissue in or close to skin. Usually presents as hot, red, and edematous

A

Cellulitis

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8
Q

What is the medical management for cellulitis?

A
  1. Antibiotics
  2. Elevation of the part
  3. Cool, wet dressings
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9
Q

What may occur if cellulitis is left untreated?

A

Lymphangitis, gangrene, abscess and sepsis

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10
Q

Who is at risk for getting cellulitis?

A

Elderly and individuals with diabetes, wounds, malnutrition, or on steroid therapy are at increased risk

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11
Q

List Viral infections affecting the skin

A
  1. Herpes 1
  2. Herpes 2
  3. Herpes Zoster (shingles)
  4. Warts
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12
Q

Name that viral infection: Itching and soreness, followed by vesicular eruption of the skin on the face or mouth; a cold sore or fever blister

A

Herpes 1 (herpes Simplex)

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13
Q

Name that viral infection: Common cause of vesicular genital eruption that is spread by sexual contact. In newborns, may cause meningoencephalitis, may be fatal

A

Herpes 2

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14
Q

Name that Viral infection: caused by varicella-zoster that causes chicken poke; virus is reactive after lying dormant for years in cerebral ganglia or ganglia of the posterior nerve root

A

Herpes Zoster (Shingles)

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15
Q

T or F:Pain and tingling affecting spinal or cranial nerve dermatome; progresses to red papules along distribution of infected nerve; red papules progressing to vesicles develop along a dermatome

A

True

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16
Q

Shingles (herpes Zoster) may be contagious to individuals who have not had this common childhood viral infection?

A

Chickenpox

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17
Q

Warts are common and usually caused by a benign infection of what?

A

Human papilloma viruses (HPVs)

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18
Q

A patient has a fungal infection (which are transmitted person-to-person, animal-to-animal) what precautions should be exercises with this patient?

A

Standard contact precautions

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19
Q

Describe the two types of Lupus Erythematosus.

A

. Discoid lupus Erythematosus: only affects skins; flare-ups with sun exposure

  1. Systemic Lupus Erythematosus: affects organs and skin, joints. Butterfly rash is characteristic of this
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20
Q

What is a unique characteristic of systemic Lupus Erythematosus.

A

Butterfly rash across bridge of noses

Also have photosensitivity

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21
Q

The clinical examination for malignant melanomas can be remembered by “ABCDEs”. List what the ABCDEs are for.

A
  1. Asymmetry
  2. Border
  3. Color
  4. Diameter
  5. Elevation
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22
Q

When assessing assymetry of melanoma you are looking for ?

A

Uneven edges, lopsided

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23
Q

When assessing borders, what is a therapist looking for?

A

Irregular, poorly defined edges, notching

24
Q

When examining color what is a therapist assessing?

A

Variations, especially mixtures of black, blue, red

25
Q

When assessing diameter what is the therapist looking for?

A

> 6mm

26
Q

When assessing elevation what is a therapist looking for?

A

Usually elevated, but may be flat; moles that change over time

27
Q

Pruritus is known as?

A

Itching

28
Q

Pruritus is common with what pathologies??

A
  1. Diabetes
  2. Drug hypersensitivity
  3. Hyperthyroidism
29
Q

Urticaria is a medical describing what?

A

Smooth, red, elevated patches of skin, hives.

30
Q

Urticaria is indicative of ?

A

Allergic response to drug or infection

31
Q

What is Xeroderma

A

Excessive dryness of skin with shedding of epithelium

32
Q

Xeroderma can indicate what?

A

Abnormal Thyroid function, diabetes

33
Q

What is clubbing indicative of?

A
  1. Crohn’s or cardiac/cyanosis
  2. Lung (cancer, chronic hypoxia)
  3. Ulcerative colitis
  4. Biliary cirrhosis
  5. Neoplasm
  6. GI involvement
34
Q

What test is often positive with clubbing?

A

Schmroth’s window test

35
Q

Describe Schamroth’s window test when using for assessing clubbing.

A

LOSS of Diamond-shaped space when nails form opposite hands are placed back to back

36
Q

Describe splinter hemorrhages in regards to nails.

A

Small ares of bleeding under nails that look like slithers

37
Q

What are splinter hemorrhages a potential sign of?

A

Cardiac or renal disease

38
Q

True or false: Changes in Niall (e.g. koilonychia, keukonychia) are often indicate systemic issues unless congenital

A

True

39
Q

Cherry red skin color, or planar erythema could indicate what?

A

Liver or renal issues

40
Q

Where should a therapist examine if trying to determine if patient has central cyanosis (bluish color due to decrease hemoglobin)

A

Lips, oral mucosa, tongue

For peripheral: nails hands or feet

41
Q

what can pallor indicate?

A

May indicate anemia, internal hemorrhage, lack of exposure to sunlight

42
Q

What does yellow skin color indicate?

A

Jaundice, liver disease

Typically seen in sclera of eyes, lips, skin

43
Q

Orange-yellow skin typically occurs with an increase in intake of what?

A

Increased carotene intake

Look for on palms, soles, and face

44
Q

Describe liver spots.

A

Yellow-brownish spots which may be due to aging, uterine and liver malignancies, pregnancy

45
Q

What is brown pigmented skin typically associated with?

A

Venous insufficiency (ie hemosiderinosis)

46
Q

When examining skin temperature a therapist should use what part of their hand?

A

dorsal portion of hand (back of hand) to assess generalized warmth or coolness

47
Q

What is hyperhidrosis?

A

Moist skin, increased perspiration

48
Q

What may hyperhidrosis indicate?

A

May indicate fevers, pneumonic crisis, drugs, hot drinks, exercise

49
Q

What is hypohidrosis?

A

Dry skin

50
Q

What may hypohidrosis be indicative of?

A

Dehydration, ichthyosis, or hypothyroidism

Seen in later stages of DM

51
Q

What is alopecia?

A

Hair loss

52
Q

Hypothyroidism causes what changes in hair?

A

Causes thinning hair

53
Q

Hyperthyroidism causes what changes in hair?

A

Silky hair

54
Q

What is Hirsutism?

A

Male pattern hair growth (facial and body) in women

55
Q

What may hirsutism indicate?

A

Polycystic ovary syndrome, cushing’s, Tumor, or an inherited trait

Integumentary System (6 decks)

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