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NPTE Integumentary System > Wound Healing > Flashcards

Wound Healing Flashcards

1
Q

What is the body’s largest organ?

A

Integumentary system (Skin)

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2
Q

What layers make up the integumentary system?

A

Epidermis
Dermis
Subcutaneous fatty tissue

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3
Q

What is the most superficial layer of skin?

A

Epidermis

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4
Q

What layer of skin is considered the true skin?

A

Dermis

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5
Q

Distinguish which layers of skin are vascular versus avascular.

A 
Epidermis = avascular 
Dermis = vascular
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6
Q

What are the five key functions of the integumentary system?

A 
Protection
Sensation
Thermoregulation
Excretion of sweat
Vitamin D synthesis
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7
Q

What are the 3 phases of wound healing?

A

Phase 1: Inflammatory
Phase 2: Proliferative
Phase 3: Maturation

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8
Q

How long does the inflammatory phase last?

A

1-10 days

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9
Q

How long does the proliferative phase last?

A

3-21 days

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10
Q

How long does the maturation phase last?

A

7 days to 2 years

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11
Q

What is the immune system’s initial response to a wound?

A

Inflammation

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12
Q

How does the body rapidly establish homeostasis in the presence of a wound? What phase does this occur in?

A

Through platelet activation and the clotting cascade

Occurs in the INFLAMMATORY phase

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13
Q

What 4 things occur in the inflammatory phase of wound healing?

A
  1. Re-establish homeostasis via platelet and clotting cascade activation
  2. Removal of debris and necrosis
  3. Bacteria killed by mast cells, neutrophils and leukocytes
  4. Re-epithelization
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14
Q

What is the main goal of the inflammatory phase of healing?

A

Establish a clean wound bed which signals tissue restoration and the start of permanent wound healing

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15
Q

When does re-epithelization typically begin?

A

Within 24 hours

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16
Q

What signals the beginning of the proliferation phase?

A

Formation of new tissue

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17
Q

What is restored during the proliferative phase?

A

Skin integrity

18
Q

What 3 things occur in the proliferative phase of wound healing?

A
  1. Capillary buds and granulation tissue fill the wound bed
  2. Collagen matrix is formed
  3. Epithelization and wound contraction
19
Q

What 2 processes give rise to wound closure?

A

Epithelization

Wound contraction

20
Q

When is the maturation phase initiated?

A

When granulation tissue and epithelial differentiation appear in the wound bed

21
Q

What 2 things occur in the maturation phase of wound healing?

A
  1. Fiber reorganization and contraction shrink the scar

2. Collagen lysis and synthesis strengthen the scar tissue

22
Q

What 2 processes shrink the scar tissue?

A

Fiber reorganization and contraction

23
Q

What 2 processes strengthen the scar tissue?

A

Collagen lysis and synthesis

24
Q

What are characteristics of an immature scar?

A

Red
Raised
Rigid

25
Q

What are characteristics of a mature scar?

A

Pale
Flat
Pliable

26
Q

Newly repaired tissues have approximately ____ % of pre-injury tensile integrity and should be protected to prevent re-injury.

A

15%

27
Q

Over time tensile integrity may increase to up to ___ % of pre-injury strength.

A

80%

28
Q

What condition can significantly impact the maturation phase of healing?

A

Hypertrophic scarring

29
Q

What type of wounds are typically treated with healing by primary intention?

A

Acute wounds with minimal tissue loss

30
Q

What is healing by primary intention?

A

Closing the edge of a wound with sutures, staples or adhesives to facilitate re-epithelization

31
Q

Provide 4 examples of wounds that heal via primary intention.

A

Surgical incision
Laceration
Puncture
Superficial and partial thickness wounds

32
Q

What type of healing is used to treat a puncture or laceration wound?

A

Primary intention

33
Q

What is healing by secondary intention?

A

Permitting the wound to close on its own without superficial closure

34
Q

List 4 characteristics of wounds that heal via secondary intention.

A
  1. Significant tissue loss
  2. Necrosis
  3. Irregular wound margins
  4. Infection or debris contamination
35
Q

Wounds that heal via secondary intention require ____ and have significantly larger _____ than wounds that heal via primary intention.

A

Require ongoing wound care

Larger scars

36
Q

What wounds typically heal via secondary intention?

A

Pressure Ulcers

Full Thickness wounds

37
Q

What is an alternative name for healing by tertiary intention?

A

Delayed primary intention healing

38
Q

What is healing by tertiary intention?

A

Wounds at risk for developing complications are left open until risk factors are dealt with, and then the wound is close via primary intention.

39
Q

What kinds of wounds may be treated with tertiary intention?

A

Contaminated wounds
Infected wounds
Sepsis

40
Q

What are 8 factors that influence wound healing?

A
  1. Age
  2. Co-morbidities
  3. Edema
  4. Harsh/Inappropriate wound care
  5. Infection
  6. Lifestyle
  7. Medication
  8. Obesity
41
Q

What is the difference between contamination, colonization and infection?

A

Contamination = nonreplicating bacteria on wound surface that do not cause further damage; do no stimulate inflammatory process

Colonization = replicating bacteria on wound surface that do not cause further damage; do no stimulate inflammatory process

Infection: replicating bacteria viable beyond the wound surface that causes further damage; stimulates the inflammatory process

NPTE Integumentary System (5 decks)

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