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NPTE Integumentary System > Burns > Flashcards

Burns Flashcards

1
Q

What are 4 types of burns?

A

Thermal burn
Chemical burn
Electric burn
Radiation burn

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2
Q

What types of burns are caused by convection or conduction?

A

Thermal burns

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3
Q

What is typical of an electrical burn?

A

An entrance and exit wound

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4
Q

How long will a chemical burn last?

A

Will last until the chemical compound is diluted at the site of contact

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5
Q

What is the most common cause of radiation burns?

A

Exposure to external radiation therapy

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6
Q

What are the 3 zones of injury associated with burns?

A

Zone of coagulation
Zone of stasis
Zone of hyperemia

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7
Q

What is the zone of coagulation?

A

The area of the burn that received the most severe injury with irreversible cell damage

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8
Q

What is the zone of stasis?

A

The area with less severe injury that possess reversible damage and surrounds the zone of coagulation

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9
Q

What is the zone of hyperemia?

A

The area surrounding the zone of stasis that presents with inflammation, but will fully recover without any intervention or permanent damage

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10
Q

How are burns classified?

A

Based on depth of tissue destruction

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11
Q

What are the 5 burn classifications?

A 
Superficial burns
Superficial partial thickness burns 
Deep partial thickness burns 
Full-thickness burns 
Subdermal burns
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12
Q

Describe superficial burns. How long do they take to heal?

A
  1. Involves only the outer epidermis
  2. May be red with slight edema
  3. Heal in 2-5 days without scarring
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13
Q

Describe superficial partial thickness burns. How long do they take to heal?

A
  1. Involve the epidermis and upper portion of the dermis
  2. May be extremely painful with blisters
  3. Heal in 5-21 days with minimal to no scarring
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14
Q

Describe deep partial thickness burns. How long do they take to heal?

A
  1. Involves complete destruction of the epidermis and the majority of the dermis
  2. Discolored with broken blisters and edema
  3. Heals in 21-35 days with possible hypertrophic/keloid scarring
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15
Q

Describe full thickness burns. How long do they take to heal?

A
  1. Involves complete destruction of the epidermis and dermis along with partial destruction of the subcutaneous fat layer
  2. Eschar formation and minimal pain
  3. Require grafts to heal
  4. Heals in weeks to months depending on size of burn
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16
Q

Describe subdermal burns. How long do they take to heal?

A
  1. Involves the complete destruction of epidermis, dermis and subcutaneous tissue
  2. May involve muscle and bone as well
  3. Require surgical intervention and extensive healing time
17
Q

Describe the rule of nines.

A 
Head and neck = 9%
Anterior trunk = 18%
Posterior trunk= 18%
Bilateral anterior arm, forearm and hand = 9%
Bilateral posterior arm, forearm and hand = 9%
Genital region = 1%
Bilateral anterior leg and foot = 18%
Bilateral posterior leg and foot = 18%
18
Q

What tools are used to estimate calculation of the extent of body surface area burned in children under the age of 7?

A

Lund and Browder method

19
Q

What is the anticipated deformity following a burn at the anterior neck? What type of splinting is used?

A

Deformity: Flexion with possible lateral flexion
Splinting: Soft collar, molded collar, Philadelphia collar

20
Q

What is the anticipated deformity following a burn at the anterior chest and axilla? What type of splinting is used?

A

Deformity: Shoulder adduction, extension, and medial rotation
Splinting: Axillary or airplane splint, shoulder abduction brace

21
Q

What is the anticipated deformity following a burn at the elbow? What type of splinting is used?

A

Deformity: Flexion and pronation
Splinting: Gutter splint, conforming splint, three point splint, air splint

22
Q

What is the anticipated deformity following a burn at the hand and wrist? What type of splinting is used?

A

Deformity: MCP extension or hyperextension, IP joint flexion, flexion and adduction of thumb, wrist flexion

Splint: wrist splint, thumb spica splint, palmar or dorsal extension splint

23
Q

What is the anticipated deformity following a burn at the hip? What type of splinting is used?

A

Deformity: flexion and adduction
Splinting: Anterior hip spica, abduction splint

24
Q

What is the anticipated deformity following a burn at the knee? What type of splinting is used?

A

Deformity:flexion
Splinting: Conforming splint, three point splint, air splint

25
Q

What is the anticipated deformity following a burn at the ankle? What type of splinting is used?

A

Deformity: Plantar flexion
Splinting: Posterior foot drop splint, posterior ankle conforming splint, anterior ankle conforming splint

26
Q

What causes hypertrophic scarring?

A

An imbalance between collagen synthesis and lysis

27
Q

What intervention has been found to be effective in loosening adhesions and scar tissue following a burn?

A

Friction massage

28
Q

What intervention is recommended to reduce hypertrophic scarring for wounds that take greater than 14 days to heal?

A

Compression therapy

29
Q

What 2 topical agents used to treat burns are painless to apply?

A

Silver sulfadiazine

Silver nitrate

30
Q

What is an allograft?

A

A temporary skin graft taken from another human to cover a large burned area

31
Q

What is a autograft?

A

Permanent skin graft taken from a donor site on the patient’s own body

32
Q

What is an escharotomy?

A

Surgical procedures that opens or removes eschar from a burn site to reduce tension on surrounding structures

33
Q

What is a full-thickness graft?

A

Skin graft that contains the dermis and epidermis

34
Q

What is a heterograft?

A

Temporary skin graft taken from another species

35
Q

What is a split thickness graft?

A

Skin graft that contains only a superficial layer of the dermis in addition to the epidermis

36
Q

What is a z-plasty?

A

Surgical procedure to eliminate a scar contracture.

An incision is made in the shape of a z to allow the scar to change configuration and lengthen

NPTE Integumentary System (5 decks)

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