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Wound Care Essentials > Wound Healing > Flashcards

Wound Healing Flashcards

1
Q

Chemotactic Agents

A

Substances that attract cells necessary for wound repair after an injury.

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2
Q

Chemotaxis

A

The process of active movement toward the area of highest concentration of a chemical signal.

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3
Q

Angioblast

A

Endothelial cell that lines the vessel wall

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4
Q

Basophil

A

Granular leukocyte which releases chemicals such as histamine which are responsible for inflammation and heparin.

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5
Q

Collagenase

A

Endogenous enzyme that breaks down collagen during the maturation and remodeling process of wound healing.

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6
Q

Contraction

A

Part of the proliferative phase of wound healing decreasing the size of the wound defect. Myofibroblasts drive the process of wound contraction.

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7
Q

Cytokine

A

Signaling protein with role in the inflammatory phase of wound healing..
Regulates cell proliferation, migration, matrix synthesis, deposition, degradation.

All are cytokines: interferon, growth factors, interleukins, tumor necrosis factor, platelet derived growth factor.

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8
Q

Diapedesis

A

The movement of PMN through capillary walls by extending foot like projections through the narrow openings within the vessel walls.

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9
Q

Epithelialization

A

Resurfacing of the wound with keratinocytes.

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10
Q

Exudate

A

Fluid containing high levels of protein and cells.

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11
Q

Fibroblasts

A

Dermal cells that produce collagen, elastin, granulation tissue and growth factors. Responsible for forming granulation tissue

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12
Q

Granulation tissue

A

Temporary structure composed of vascularized connective tissue that fills the wound void.

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13
Q

Growth Factor

A

Growth promoting substance that increases or enhances cell size, proliferation or activity.

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14
Q

Histamine

A

Chemical mediator released by mast cells which cause vasodilation, increase vessel wall permeability, and attracts other cells to the area.

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15
Q

Hyaluronic acid

A

Key structural and functional component of the extra cellular matrix which promotes cell proliferation, and tissue regeneration and repair. Hyaluronic acid is a key component of amniotic fluid.

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16
Q

Inflammation

A

First phase of wound healing, characterized by rubor, calor, tumor, dolor, and functio laesa; vascular and cellular response to healing.

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17
Q

Integrin

A

Cell surface receptor that allows cells to reversibly bind to the extra cellular matrix.

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18
Q

Margination

A

Process in which PMNs are pushed to the sides of a vessel wall.

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19
Q

Mast cell

A

Cell that helps to initiate inflammation, secretes histamine, enzymes, and destroys bacteria and debris.

20
Q

Matrix Metalloprotease (MMPs)

A

Protease that degrades the extra cellular matrix formed during the inflammatory process.

Secreted from: keratinocytes, neutrophils, macrophages, fibroblasts.

21
Q

Maturation and remodeling

A

The third phase of wound healing during which collagen matures and reorientation along the lines of stress.

22
Q

Myofibroblast

A

Cell possessing properties of fibroblasts and smooth muscle cells which cause wound contraction.

23
Q

Polymorphonuclear Neutrophil (PMN)

A

Cell that cleans the wound; secretes enzymes. MMPs and inflammatory mediators.
First cells to the site of injury. Scavenger. Kills bacteria.

24
Q

Platelet

A

Cell that controls bleeding but also releases growth factors and chemotactic agents.

25
Q

Proliferation

A

Second phase of wound healing; building and regenerating phase consisting of angiogenesis, granulation tissue formation, wound contraction and epithelialization.

26
Q

Prostaglandin

A

Substance released from injured cells causing vasodilation

27
Q

Regeneration

A

Re-epithelialization of a wound; principal method of healing in primary intention.

28
Q

Remodeling Repair

A

The final phase of wound healing in which scar tissue is reorganized. Primary mode of wound closer by secondary intention.

29
Q

Scab

A

Collection of necrotic cells, fibrin, collagen, and platelets that covers a superficial wound.

30
Q

Thrombocyte

A

Also known as a platelet

31
Q

Tissue inhibitors of matrix metalloproteas (TIMPs)

A

Protease inhibitor of MMPs

32
Q

Transudate

A

Low protein collection of fluid caused by increased permeability

33
Q

Wound contracture

A

Process by which myofibroblasts pull wound margins closer together thereby decreasing the size of the defect.

34
Q

Macrophage

A
  • Directs repair process.
  • with killing bacteria and cleaning wound.
  • Secretes growth factors and MMPs
35
Q

TIME principles in wound bed preparation

A

T- tissue nonviable or deficient. This defective matrix and cell debris impairs healing.

Clinical action- debridement

36
Q

Time Principles of wound bed preparation.

A

I- infection or Inflammation. High bacteria counts or prolonged inflammation secondary to :

  • inflammatory cytokines
  • increase proteases
  • decreased growth factor activity

Action- antimicrobials, antiinflammatories, protease inhibitors.

37
Q

TIME Principles of wound bed preparation.

A

M- moisture balance. Desiccation slows epithelial migration. Excessive fluid causes maceration.

Action- moisture balance dressing, compression, negative pressure dressing,

38
Q

TIME principles of wound bed preparation.

A

E- edge margin non-advancing or undermined. Epidermal margin non-advancing or undermined.

Use Adjunctive therapies, bioengineered skin, debridement, skin grafts.

39
Q

DIME

A

D-debridement
I-infection/inflammation
M-moisture
E- wound edge margin

40
Q

Bioburdon

A

Number, diversity and virulence of bacteria present in a wound, as well as the interaction of organisms with each other. Excessive bio burden inhibits wound healing.

41
Q

Cheryl at early alcohol

A

Emulsifier present in some creams and paste bandages which may cause an allergic dermatitis.

42
Q

Acute wound

A

Caused by surgery or trauma in a healthy individual. Less than 2 weeks old.

43
Q

Chronic Wound

A

Wound induced by various causes, whose progression through the phases of wound healing is prolonged or arrested die to underlying conditions.

44
Q

Granulocytes

A

BEN

Basophils
Eosinophils
Neutrophils

45
Q

Eosinophils

A

Immune regulators. Fight infection by destroying parasites and bacteria. Along with mast cells they control allergic responses

46
Q

Agranulocytes

A

Monocytes, when they leave the circulation, they become macrophages.

Lymphocytes
B cells- make antibodies
T cells fight viruses
NK (natural killer cells) fight viruses

47
Q

Agranulocytes

A

Monocytes, when they leave the circulation, they become macrophages.

Lymphocytes
B cells- make antibodies
T cells fight viruses
NK (natural killer cells) fight viruses

Wound Care Essentials (3 decks)

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