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Wound Care Essentials > Skin > Flashcards

Skin Flashcards

1
Q

Adipose Tissue

A

Vascular, loose connective tissue that stores fat and provides energy, cushioning and insulating.

Stores fat so liable vitamins: A, D, E, and K.

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2
Q

Blister

A

Collection of fluid at the junction between the dermis and epidermis due to friction.

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3
Q

Bony Prominence

A

Areas of the body, such as the heel or sacrum, which are protected by a relatively thin layer of subcutaneous tissue only. Bony prominences tend to be susceptible to pressure ulcers.

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4
Q

Callus

A

Localized build-up of stratum corneum cells due to pressure or friction.

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5
Q

Cell adhesion

A

The binding of a cell to a surface, extra cellular matrix or another cell using cell adhesion molecules such as selectins, integrins and cadherins

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6
Q

Collagen

A

Main supportive protein of the skin and gives it its tensile strength.

Collagen type 1- 77-85%
Collagen type 3 15-23%
Collagen type V and VI in small amounts.

Primary constituents are: proline, glycine, hydroxyproline and hydroxylysine.

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7
Q

Elastin

A

Protein in connective tissue that is elastic and allows many tissues in the body to resume their shape after stretching and contracting.

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8
Q

Acid Mantle

A

Very fine, slightly acidic film over the epidermis. The acid mantle and stratum corneum make the skin less permeable to water, and indirectly protect the skin from microorganisms.

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9
Q

Fascia

A

Fibrous connective tissue that separates and surrounds structures, and facilitates movement between adjacent structures

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10
Q

Full Thickness Wound

A

Wound that extends through the epidermis and dermis and into or through the subcutaneous tissue.

Exames: full thickness burn, stage III pressures ulcer, Wagner grade 2-5.

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11
Q

Hair

A

Epidermal appendage located in the dermis made of soft keratin

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12
Q

Histamine

A

Chemical mediator released by mast cells which causes vasodilation and vessel wall permeability, and attracts other cells to the area.

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13
Q

Keratin

A

A protein produced by karat unicycles. Nails are made of hard keratin; hair is made of soft keratin.

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14
Q

Keratinocytes

A

Epidermal cell that resurfaces a wound and produces keratin. Responsible for epithelialization.

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15
Q

Langerhan’s cell

A

Epidermal cell that assists with infection control via phagocytosis. Contained in the Stratum Spinosum layer and Stratum Granulosum.

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16
Q

Macrophage

A

Cell that directs the repair process, secretes growth factors and enzymes and destroys bacteria and debris

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17
Q

Mast cell

A

Cell that helps initiate inflammation through secretion of histamine, enzymes, and chemical mediators

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18
Q

Melanin

A

Dark pigment of the skin and hair, formed by Melanocytes

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19
Q

Malanocyte

A

Pigment producing cell within the epidermis in the stratum basale layer. Melanocytes protect the skin from UV rays.

20
Q

Merkel’s Cell

A

Sensory receptor with the epidermis providing information on light touch by attaching to keratinocytes by desmosones

21
Q

Papillary Dermis

A

Thin superficial dermal layer consisting of loosely arranged connective tissue housed in a gelatinous matrix called ground substance. Dermal papillae conform to the contours of the stratum basale through rete pegs. Makes up 20% of the dermis. Distinct and unique pattern of collagen and reticular fibers allow for fingerprint identification. Also houses Meissner corpuscles which detect light touch.

22
Q

Partial-thickness wound

A

Wound involving the epidermis and part of the dermis.

Blister, second degree burn, stage 2 pressure ulcer, Wagner grade 1 ulcer.

23
Q

Phagocytizing

A

Process of engulfing and destroying bacteria and/or debris

24
Q

Reticular dermis

A

Thick, deep dermal layer consisting of dense, irregularly arranged connective tissue that gives strength to the skin. Makes up 80% of the dermal thickness. Collagen, sweat glands, hair follicles, nerves and blood vessels.

25
Q

Sebaceous gland

A

Oil gland; epidermal appendage located within the dermis

26
Q

Sebum

A

Oily surface that lubricates the skin and hair

27
Q

Stratum basale

A

Deepest epithelial layer; contains continuously dividing cells. Produces the protective protein, keratin. Has fibrinonectin a glycoprotein, IV collagen, heparin, glycosaminoglycan.
Contains melanocytes.

28
Q

Stratum spinosum

A

Epithelial layer located between the station basale and strain ganulosum. Several rows of mature keratinocytes, appears spiny. Contains Langerhans cells.

29
Q

Stratum granulosum

A

Epithelial cell layer located between the stratum spinosum and stratum lucidum. 3-5 layers of flattened cell rows with increase keratin concentration. Contains Langerhans cells.

30
Q

Stratum lucidum

A

Epithelial layer located between the stratum granulosum and stratum corneum. A few layers of flattened dead keratinocytes. Only found on the palms and soles.

31
Q

Subcutaneous tissue

A

Adipose tissue and fascia, located beneath the dermis; helps support the skin

32
Q

Sudoriferous gland

A

Sweat gland; epidermal appendage located within the dermis; helps support the skin.

33
Q

Superficial wound

A

Involving the epidermis only. Example: abrasion, first degree burn.

34
Q

Tendon

A

Fibrous cord of connective tissue continuous with the fibers of a muscle and attaching the muscle to bone or cartilage

35
Q

Layers of the skin

A

Stratum corneum-Stratum lucidum-Statum granulosum-Stratum spinosum- Stratum basale.

There is no blood supply in the epidermal layers. Live karatinocytes move up to the skin surface and die. Replacement occurs every 14-21 days.

36
Q

Epidermal cell types

A

90% Keratinocytes.

10% Melanocytes, Merkel Cells and Langerhan’s Cells

37
Q

Vitamin D Synthesis

A

Converts 7 dehydrocholestrol to cholecalciferol when exposed to sunlight. Then in the kidneys cholecalciferol is converted to 25 dehydroxycalciferol.

38
Q

Basement membrane zone-BMZ

A

Anchors the epidermis to the dermis.

39
Q

Fibroblasts

A

Produce collagen, elastin, granulation tissue, growth factors.

40
Q

Meissner’s corpuscles

A

Nerves endings with pain and touch receptors transmit sensations of pain, itch, pressure and temperature. Located in the papillary dermis.

41
Q

Epidermal appendage

A

Hair, nails and glands. Housed in the reticular dermis.

42
Q

Functions of the Dermis

A
  1. Supports and nourishes the epidermis.
  2. Houses epidermal appendages.
  3. Assists with infection control.
  4. Assists with thermoregation.
  5. Provides sensation.
43
Q

Skin Facts

A
  1. Weight 6-8 pounds.
  2. Covers 20 ft2 (1.9 m2).
  3. Receives 1/3rd of the blood supply
  4. pH is 4-6.8
  5. Water content 10-15%.
44
Q

Interleukin-1-

A

Released from keratinocytes the moment the skin is broken initiating the inflammatory response.

45
Q

Senile Purpura

A

Loss of dermal proteins leads to thinner blood vessels leading to hemorrhages and dissecting hematomas.

46
Q

Minimum Skin Assessment

A

Temperature, color, moisture, turgor, integrity.

47
Q

Payne and Martin Skin Tear

A

Traumatic wound occurring on the extremity of an older adult. Classification system divided into three sections based on weather tissue is lost.

Stage I- no tissue loss
Stage II- a portion of the tissue flap is still present.
Stage III- complete loss of tissue flap.

White developed a risk assessment tool

Wound Care Essentials (3 decks)

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