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Transition/stress/nutrition > Wound Heal/inflammation > Flashcards

Wound Heal/inflammation Flashcards

0
Q

What is the first vascular response for acute (injury) inflammation ?

A

Brief vasoconstriction (for homeostasis )

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1
Q

What are the three types of inflammation ?

A

Acute- sudden onset
Sub acute-
Chronic-always there, slow
insidious

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2
Q

What happens to blood flow during cellular response of inflammation

A

Blood flow SLOWS as fluid is lost

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3
Q

During cellular response, which blood cell is first to respond

A

WBC: neutrophils (within 6-12 hours)

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4
Q

Which cells increase in response to allergic disorders, inflammation of skin & parasitic infections?

A

Eosinophils

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5
Q

Describe acute inflammation Vascular response:

A
  • vasoconstriction
  • histamines released
  • vessels dilate
  • hyperemia (increased blood)
  • increased capillary permeability
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6
Q

What is the adaptive mechanism of inflammation:

A
  • destroy/dilute injurious agent
  • prevent further spread of injury
  • remove necrotic materials
  • establish healing environment
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7
Q

Describe cellular response of inflammation:

A
  • blood flow slows
  • margination occurs
  • diapedesis
  • Chemotaxis
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8
Q

Which exudate is clear like plasma?

A

Serous

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9
Q

Which exudate is red with many RBCs?

A

Sanguineous

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10
Q

Which exudate is described as pinkish, watery with RBCs?

A

Serosanguineous

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11
Q

What is the final phase of healing?

A

Regeneration & Repair

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12
Q

Definition of Labile

A

Easily altered

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13
Q

What meds to consider in inflammatory process that can alter response?

A

Acetylcytic acid, NSAIDS, CoRticosteroids, acetaminophen

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14
Q

What are the local manifestations of inflammation?

A
  • Redness
  • Heat
  • Pain
  • Swelling
  • Loss of function
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15
Q

What is the inflammatory response?

A

A sequential reaction to cell injury that neutralizes and dilutes the inflammatory agent, removes necrotic materials and establishes a suitable environment for healing and repair.

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16
Q

What are some variables that may affect the physiological tolerance to heat and cold?

A
  • Body part, which parts are temperature sensitive?
  • size of exposed body part
  • length of exposure
  • intactness of skin
  • neurosensory impairment
  • impaired mental status
  • open wounds
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17
Q

What factors to primary prevention may interfere with wound healing?

A
  • Malnutrition
  • obesity
  • decreased blood supply
  • smoking
  • tissue trauma
  • chemotherapy
  • infection
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18
Q

How does a deficiency in Vitamin C effect wound healing?

A

Delays formation of collagen fibers and capillary development

19
Q

How can decreased protein levels effect wound healing?

A

It decreases the supply of amino acids for tissue repair.

20
Q

An inadequate blood supply has what effect on would healing?

A

It decreases the supply of nutrients to injured area, decreases removal of exudative debris and inhibits the inflammatory response.

21
Q

How does anemia effect wound healing?

A

Decrease in supply of oxygen at the tissue level.

22
Q

What are sutures and fibrin sealant used for?

A

To facilitate in wound closure and to create an optimal setting for wound healing.

23
Q

What is included in the assessment of a wound

A
  • wound appearance
  • tissue loss, wound margins, exudate
  • inflammatory reaction
  • granulation tissue
24
Q

How long does it take to receive the results of a wound culture?

A

42-72 hours

25
Q

When are early signs of an infection usually evident in primary intention wound healing?

A

Between the 3rd and 5th days

26
Q

What are the stages of wound healing?

A

1) Inflammation
2) Repair
3) Reconstruction
4) Maturation

27
Q

How long does the granulation phase last in primary intention wounds?

A

5 days to 3 weeks

28
Q

What does RICE stand for?

A

REST
ICE
COMPRESSION
ELEVATION

29
Q

What lab test would be done in a patient with acute inflammation?

A

Increases SED rate

30
Q

Bandages are applied how & RAT for this?

A

Distal to proximal

-aids return of flow of venous blood

31
Q

What type of WBC increases in the case of a viral infection?

A

Lymphocyte

32
Q

Wound infection; what would leukocytes look like ? (#)

A

> 11,000cm/blood

33
Q

3 complications if primary intention wound healing:

A

Scar formation
Hypertrophic scar
Keloid formation

34
Q

6 subscales of Braden scale

A 
Sensory perception
Moisture 
Activity
Mobility
Nutrition 
Friction & shear
35
Q

3 types of debridement

A

Sharp/surgery
Mechanical: wet-to-dry; irrigation, scrubbing
Enzymatic: drugs used to dissolve necrotic tissue (eg. Collagenese)

36
Q

How to wrap dressings/ace wrap

A

Figure 8 toward body ( closest toward heart)

37
Q

RYB color code;
RED:?
YELLOW:?
BLACK:?

A

Red-cover
Yellow-cleanse
Black-debridement

38
Q

Stage:

Full thickness loss, subcutaneous fat visible, slough, tunneling visible

A

Stage III

39
Q

Dressing: semi permeable membrane permits gas exchange. Used for dry non-infected wounds or for minimal drainage

A

Transparent films

40
Q

Dressing: does not allow for O2 to I diffuse from wound, supports debridement, light to moderate drainage

A

Hydrocolloids

41
Q

Dressing: used to hydrate dry wound & maintain moist healing environment, debridement purposes, partial full thickness, deep wounds with minimal drainage & necrotic wounds

A

Hydrogel

42
Q

Dressing: non-adhesive pads/ribbons for wounds with moderate to heavy exudate

A

Alginates

43
Q

How does complement system affect healing process?

A

Mediates and amplifies immune system

44
Q

Why is there a temperature with inflammation ?

A

Release of endogenous pyrogens at inflammatory site

Transition/stress/nutrition (4 decks)

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