Wound Heal/inflammation

Question 0

What is the first vascular response for acute (injury) inflammation ?

Answer 0

Brief vasoconstriction (for homeostasis )

Question 1

What are the three types of inflammation ?

Answer 1

Acute- sudden onset
Sub acute-
Chronic-always there, slow
insidious

Question 2

What happens to blood flow during cellular response of inflammation

Answer 2

Blood flow SLOWS as fluid is lost

Question 3

During cellular response, which blood cell is first to respond

Answer 3

WBC: neutrophils (within 6-12 hours)

Question 4

Which cells increase in response to allergic disorders, inflammation of skin & parasitic infections?

Answer 4

Eosinophils

Question 5

Describe acute inflammation Vascular response:

Answer 5

• vasoconstriction
• histamines released
• vessels dilate
• hyperemia (increased blood)
• increased capillary permeability

Question 6

What is the adaptive mechanism of inflammation:

Answer 6

• destroy/dilute injurious agent
• prevent further spread of injury
• remove necrotic materials
• establish healing environment

Question 7

Describe cellular response of inflammation:

Answer 7

• blood flow slows
• margination occurs
• diapedesis
• Chemotaxis

Question 8

Which exudate is clear like plasma?

Answer 8

Serous

Question 9

Which exudate is red with many RBCs?

Answer 9

Sanguineous

Question 10

Which exudate is described as pinkish, watery with RBCs?

Answer 10

Serosanguineous

Question 11

What is the final phase of healing?

Answer 11

Regeneration & Repair

Question 12

Definition of Labile

Answer 12

Easily altered

Question 13

What meds to consider in inflammatory process that can alter response?

Answer 13

Acetylcytic acid, NSAIDS, CoRticosteroids, acetaminophen

Question 14

What are the local manifestations of inflammation?

Answer 14

• Redness
• Heat
• Pain
• Swelling
• Loss of function

Question 15

What is the inflammatory response?

Answer 15

A sequential reaction to cell injury that neutralizes and dilutes the inflammatory agent, removes necrotic materials and establishes a suitable environment for healing and repair.

Question 16

What are some variables that may affect the physiological tolerance to heat and cold?

Answer 16

• Body part, which parts are temperature sensitive?
• size of exposed body part
• length of exposure
• intactness of skin
• neurosensory impairment
• impaired mental status
• open wounds

Question 17

What factors to primary prevention may interfere with wound healing?

Answer 17

• Malnutrition
• obesity
• decreased blood supply
• smoking
• tissue trauma
• chemotherapy
• infection

Question 18

How does a deficiency in Vitamin C effect wound healing?

Answer 18

Delays formation of collagen fibers and capillary development

Question 19

How can decreased protein levels effect wound healing?

Answer 19

It decreases the supply of amino acids for tissue repair.

Question 20

An inadequate blood supply has what effect on would healing?

Answer 20

It decreases the supply of nutrients to injured area, decreases removal of exudative debris and inhibits the inflammatory response.

Question 21

How does anemia effect wound healing?

Answer 21

Decrease in supply of oxygen at the tissue level.

Question 22

What are sutures and fibrin sealant used for?

Answer 22

To facilitate in wound closure and to create an optimal setting for wound healing.

Question 23

What is included in the assessment of a wound

Answer 23

• wound appearance
• tissue loss, wound margins, exudate
• inflammatory reaction
• granulation tissue

Question 24

How long does it take to receive the results of a wound culture?

Answer 24

42-72 hours

Question 25

When are early signs of an infection usually evident in primary intention wound healing?

Answer 25

Between the 3rd and 5th days

Question 26

What are the stages of wound healing?

Answer 26

1) Inflammation 2) Repair 3) Reconstruction 4) Maturation

Question 27

How long does the granulation phase last in primary intention wounds?

Answer 27

5 days to 3 weeks

Question 28

What does RICE stand for?

Answer 28

REST ICE COMPRESSION ELEVATION

Question 29

What lab test would be done in a patient with acute inflammation?

Answer 29

Increases SED rate

Question 30

Bandages are applied how & RAT for this?

Answer 30

Distal to proximal | -aids return of flow of venous blood

Question 31

What type of WBC increases in the case of a viral infection?

Answer 31

Lymphocyte

Question 32

Wound infection; what would leukocytes look like ? (#)

Answer 32

>11,000cm/blood

Question 33

3 complications if primary intention wound healing:

Answer 33

Scar formation Hypertrophic scar Keloid formation

Question 34

6 subscales of Braden scale

Answer 34

``` Sensory perception Moisture Activity Mobility Nutrition Friction & shear ```

Question 35

3 types of debridement

Answer 35

Sharp/surgery Mechanical: wet-to-dry; irrigation, scrubbing Enzymatic: drugs used to dissolve necrotic tissue (eg. Collagenese)

Question 36

How to wrap dressings/ace wrap

Answer 36

Figure 8 toward body ( closest toward heart)

Question 37

RYB color code; RED:? YELLOW:? BLACK:?

Answer 37

Red-cover Yellow-cleanse Black-debridement

Question 38

Stage: | Full thickness loss, subcutaneous fat visible, slough, tunneling visible

Answer 38

Stage III

Question 39

Dressing: semi permeable membrane permits gas exchange. Used for dry non-infected wounds or for minimal drainage

Answer 39

Transparent films

Question 40

Dressing: does not allow for O2 to I diffuse from wound, supports debridement, light to moderate drainage

Answer 40

Hydrocolloids

Question 41

Dressing: used to hydrate dry wound & maintain moist healing environment, debridement purposes, partial full thickness, deep wounds with minimal drainage & necrotic wounds

Answer 41

Hydrogel

Question 42

Dressing: non-adhesive pads/ribbons for wounds with moderate to heavy exudate

Answer 42

Alginates

Question 43

How does complement system affect healing process?

Answer 43

Mediates and amplifies immune system

Question 44

Why is there a temperature with inflammation ?

Answer 44

Release of endogenous pyrogens at inflammatory site