Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

OSCE III > Worst Case Scenario Presentations > Flashcards

Worst Case Scenario Presentations Flashcards

1
Q

dramatic symptomatic even with blurring of vision, painful red eye, HA, N & V

A

Angle-closure glaucoma

complications: loss of vision, may be permanent; retinal vein occlusion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

reduced visual acuity & red eye - unilateral, sudden onset, painful infx around the eye secondary to sinus infx

A

Orbital cellulitis

complications: retinal artery or vein thrombosis, retinal damage, brain abscess, meningitis, cavernous sinus thrombosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

fever, HA, vomiting, nuchal rigidity, one eye is swollen & red first and the other eye is affected w/in 48 hr of sx onset; sequelae of infx from face, sinuses, ears, teeth, or mouth

A

Cavernous sinus thrombosis (septic)

  • can also have aseptic CST as a result of trauma, iatrogenic injuries, or prothrombotic conditions
    complications: death, CN deficits, meningitis, septic embolism, blindness
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

cough, chest pain, hemoptysis, dyspnea, weight loss

A

Lung Cancer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

deep, aching pain, pulsating sensation, cough, hoarseness, cold feet, trouble swallowing, fever, weight loss, constipation, dizziness (hypotn), fullness

A

Aortic Aneurysm

complications: risk of rupture, esp. is diameter exceeds 5.5 cm in men or 5.0 cm in women

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

rapid onset high fever, sore throat, inability to control secretions, tripod positioning, difficulty breathing, irritability

A

Epiglottis

  • if suspected, do NOT exam oral cavity
    complications: airway compromise
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

hx of URI or oropharyngeal trauma, fever, dysphagia

A

Retropharyngeal abscess

CT is definitive

complications: life-threatening, airway obstruction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

HA, nausea or vomiting, neck stiffness, fever, change in mental status

A

Meningitis

viral is usu. self-limiting; bacterial is life-threatening and requires prompt antimicrobial therapy; fungal is progressive and life-threatening (often see in immosuppressed pt)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

sudden sx; weakness/numbness in face, arm, or leg; change in vision in one or both eyes; severe HA; dizziness, loss of coordination/balance, difficulty walking; problem talking or expressing thoughts & words

A

Stroke

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

HA red flags (6)

A
  • onset > 50 y/o
  • first or worst HA
  • sudden onset
  • neck pain
  • hx of head trauma
  • hx of HIV or CA
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

acute or subacute onset of wheeze and respiratory distress; cough, dyspnea, hyperresonance on percussion

A

Asthma exacerbation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

central chest pain that is classically heavy in nature & has sensation of pressure or squeezing

A

MI (STEMI often present this way)

*ECG is first-line and should NOT be delayed - will show ST-segment elevation in 2 or more anatomically contiguous leads

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

chest pressure/discomfort lasting at least several minutes, at times accompanied by sweating, dyspnea, nausea, and/or anxiety

A

MI (NSTEMI often present this way)

  • Note: sx are indistinguishable from unstable angina but can be differentiated by a rise of cardiac biomarkers
  • ECG is first-line and should NOT be delayed
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

chest pain, dyspnea, & a sense of apprehension; syncope s/t occurs

A

PE

  • syncope is strongly associated w/ incr. clot burden
  • run D-dimer
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Virchow’s triad

A

venous stasis
vessel wall damage
hypercoagulability

INDICATES –> PE

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

often asx and discovered incidentally, but may present with abdominal pain and/or back pain

A

AAA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Chest pain d/t CAD via evidence based questions (5)

A

1) PHx vascular dz (PAD, carotids, AAA, DVT)
2) pain < exertion
3) pain not elicited by palpation
4) pt. feels pain is coming from their heart
5) Age: M > 55, F > 65

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

palpitations, dyspnea, angina, dizziness/syncope, irregularly irregular rhythm

A

A-fib

complications: tachycardia induced cardiomyopathy, stroke, death

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

> 40 y/o, rectal bleeding, rectal/abdominal mass, change in bowel habits, anemia, abdominal pain, wt loss and anorexia, abdominal distension, palpable LN

A

Colorectal CA

  • MC males
  • often have +FHx
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

jaundice, nonspecific upper abd pain/discomfort, wt loss and anorexia, steatorrhea, thirst, polyuria, nocturia, N/V, hepatomegally, petechiae/purpura/bruising

A

Pancreatic CA

*MC 65-75 y/o

21
Q

What are Courvoisier sign and Trousseau sign? What are the indicative of?

A

Courvoisier = indicated by painless palpable GB and jaundice; indicates tumors of biliary tree or pancreatic head (sign of advanced dz)

Trousseau = migratory thrombophlebitis (clot felt as tender nodule); may be the first sign of pancreatic CA

Together they indicated presence of pancreatic CA

22
Q

Sudden onset of severe ripping or tearing substernal or interscapular pain

A

Aortic dissection

*MC in men > 50 y/o

23
Q

abdominal pain & tenderness, vaginal bleeding/amenorrhea, urge to defecate; pain may refer to shoulder

A

Ectopic pregnancy

  • +CMT & adnexal tenderness/mass on pelvic exam
  • hemodynamic instability and CMT may indicate rupture or imminent rupture
  • Usu. presents 6-8 wks after last normal menses
24
Q

lower abdominal tenderness, adnexal tenderness, CMT, fever, cervical/vaginal d/c, N/V; sx range from absent to severe

A

PID

25
Q

acute abd pain starting in mid abdomen and later localizing to RLQ; fever, anorexia, N/V

A

Appendicitis

26
Q

fever, jaundice, & RUQ

What condition comes to mind and what triad is this?

A

Ascending cholangitis

(these 3 sx together are known as Charcot triad)

Complications = sepsis w/ shock, vascular collapse, multiorgan failure, death

27
Q

diarrhea (esp. bloody), abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, absence of fever, known community outbreak of E. coli

A

Hemolytic uremic syndrome

*MC in children < 5 y/o

28
Q

nocturia, urinary frequency, urinary hesitancy, dysuria, hematuria, weight loss/anorexia, lethargy, palpable LN, bone pain

A

Prostate CA

*abnl digital rectal exam and elevated PSA

29
Q

hematuria (gross or microscopic), dysuria, urinary frequency, > 55 y/o

A

Bladder CA

*often see FHx

30
Q

saddle (perineal) anesthesia, bladder retention (may also see overflow incontinence), and leg weakness

A

Cauda equina syndrome

31
Q

vague nonspecific sx in female such as abdominal bloating, early satiety dyspepsia, pelvic pain/pressure, low back pain, urinary urgency

A

Ovarian CA

32
Q

postmenopausal bleeding or abnormal menstruation/vaginal bleeding in premenopausal women; uterine mass/fixed uterus/adnexal mass; pain and weight loss; MC in obese individuals

A

Endometrial CA

33
Q

firm mass in breast with axillary LN, skin changes, and nipple d/c

A

Breast CA

34
Q

acute-onset fever, chills, severe back or flank pain, nausea and vomiting, and costovertebral angle tenderness

A

Pyelonephritis

35
Q

HA, dizziness, & nausea –> MI, dysrhythmias, cardiac arrest, stroke-like sx, altered mental status, confusion, coma, syncope

1/3 of severe exposure to this are fatal

A

CO poisoning

*ask about hx of CO exposure

36
Q

headache, neck and face pain (esp. around the eyes), vision disturbances (double vision or droopy eyelid), pulsatile “whooshing” sound in 1 ear (i.e. pulsatile tinnitus), sudden decrease in sense of taste and/or weakness on one side of the body

A

Cervical artery dissection

*stroke can develop in hours, days, or even a week after these sx begin

37
Q

sudden onset intense vertigo, nausea, & vomiting

PE: may see bilateral or vertical nystagmus, head impulse test negative, pt. usu. cannot stand without support
Cerebellar stroke

A

*1st test = MRI

38
Q

unilateral hearing loss, dizziness/vertigo, tinnitus

PE: may see spontaneous nystagmus

A

posterior fossa tumor

(acoustic neuroma is a posterior fossa tumor - i.e. it compresses the neural tissue in the posterior fossa and internal auditory canal)

39
Q

fevers & night sweats, weight loss, skin rashes and postinflammatory scars, oral ulcers, angular chelitis, oral thrush, oral hairy leukoplakia, diarrhea, changes in mental status

A

HIV

40
Q

genital ulcer, diffuse rash, fatigue, memory impairment/altered mood/confusion/dementia, visual disturbance, Argyll-Robertson pupils, loss of sensation, ataxia, tremor, peripheral neuropathy, hearing loss, peripheral edema

A

Syphilis (tabes dorsalis)

PE = +Romberg sign, diastolic murmur, LN

41
Q

combination of UMN & LMN s/sx, initially involving 1 segment of neuroaxis (i.e. cranial, cervical, thoracic, or lumbosacral), then spreading progressively to contiguous areas

A

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS)

*No cure at this time, eventually results in respiratory failure

42
Q

hx of neurofibromatosis type 1 & presents with mononeuropathy of UE/LE with tenderness on palpation

A

Nerve sheath tumor

1st test = EMG & nerve conduction studies

43
Q

night sweats, fatigue, malaise, fever, lymphadenopathy, pallor, purpura, jaundice, hepasplenomegally, skin nodules, abnl neurologic exam

A

Lymphoma

44
Q

hx of malignancy & presents with asymmetric weakness, numbness, and pain that involves multiple nerve roots, trunks, or their temporal branches; weight loss, fatigue, back pain

weakness, atrophy, numbness, loss of DTRs

A

Lumosacral plexopathy (neoplastic compressive)

Paraneoplastic immune-mediated attacks also presents this way - and neuropathy is painful & aggressive

45
Q

skin lesions with loss of sensation to pin pricks or light touch, possible muscle weakness of affected nerve

skin lesions are hypopigmented

A

Leprosy

1st test = EMG, nerve conduction studies, skin smear(+ for acid-fast bacilli)

46
Q

Dyspnea, decreased exercise tolerance, swelling of legs, fatigue, generalized weakness

A

CHF, acute exacerbation

47
Q

hx of otitis media and now there is pain & redness behind the ear

A

Mastoiditis

48
Q

may be acute or insidious, with substantial fatigue and weakness associated with mucocutaneous hyperpigmentation, hypotension, and/or postural hypotension, and salt craving

A

Addison disease

*if untx is life-threatening

OSCE III (3 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions