Worldviews & Religions Exam (Presentations) Flashcards
What are the Five Fundamental Beliefs most unique to the Seventh-day Adventist Church?
- Second Coming of Christ
- Sanctuary
- Health Message (Steak)
- Sabbath
- State of the Dead
What is a “Sacrament?”
A religious ceremony or ritual regarded as imparting divine grace, such as baptism
List the levels of Glory (heaven), according to the Mormons.
- Celestial
- Terrestrial
- Telestial
According to the Mormons, who is “Maroni?”
Maroni was the last nephrite prophet, historian, and military commander
According to the Mormons, Jesus’ grace is not sufficient to cover all sins. What else might be required in such situations?
The death of the sinner
Who was the founder of Mormonism?
Joseph Smith
What are the Mormons formally known as?
The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints
When do Mormons fast, for how long, and what do they do with the money?
Mormons typically fast on the first Sunday of every month. Any money not spent on food or drink is donated to church welfare.
Why is family genealogy so important to the Mormons?
In order to save a family member that never had the chance to be baptized
Which of the three Lutheran synods are considered the most conservative?
Wisconsin Evangelical Lutheran Synod (WELS)
Who is the founder of Methodism?
John Wesley
What was the major doctrinal reason for John/Charles Wesley to separate from John Calvin?
The issue of slavery
What is the reason for the Methodist name?
They are known as the Methodist due to their “methodical” devotion and study
What are the two Sacraments Methodists practice?
Baptism and Communion
How many people do the Jehovah’s Witness believe will rule with God?
144,000
Which preacher had a heavy influence on the founders of Jehovah’s Witness & SDA?
William Miller
Why isn’t the “cross” used in the worship services at a Kingdom Hall?
- Jehovah’s Witnesses do NOT believe the Bible says Jesus died on the cross.
- The Bible also commands to stay away from idolatry, and the cross would be seen as an idol.
How long do Jehovah’s Witnesses believe Creation took?
Each day was equivalent to 7,000 years
Who “founded” the Jehovah’s Witness?
Charles Taze Russell
Who officially changed the group’s name to Jehovah’s Witnesses?
Joseph Franklin Rutherford
What is the reason for the name Jehovah’s Witness?
Jehovah’s Witnesses selected this name because it portrayed their God and their work as His people (Jehovah’s Witness: Beliefs, Teachings, Wisdom, and Authority, 2019, p. 3). Their scripture says “You are my Witnesses,” declares Jehovah, “Yes, my servant whom I have chosen so that you may know and have faith in me. And understand that I am the same One. Before me no God was formed” (Holy Bible, NWT, 1950, Isaiah 43:10). So, they believe that God has chosen them specifically to do His will.
Which holiday do Jehovah’s Witnesses celebrate?
Memorial of Christ’s death which takes place during the same time as the Passover and Easter
Which Anglican priest inspired the Methodist reformation?
John Wesley
What are John Wesley’s three basic precepts?
- Do not harm
- Do good
- Stay in love with God
Over what major issue did the Wesleyan Church leave the Methodist Church?
The issue of slavery
What are the gods of the Hindu “trinity,” and what are their roles?
Vishnu - Protector of the universe, restores balance to earth during troubling times
Brahma - Created the earth and all creatures
Shiva - Destroys the universe in order to recreate it
According to a Hindu, what is “Moksha?”
The end of the death and rebirth cycle
According to a Hindu, what is “The Path to Moksha?”
- the path of action and good deeds
- the path of devotion to god
- the path of knowledge and wisdom
Rank the Hindu caste system (ranking 1-4)
- Brahmins
- Kshatriyas
- Vaishyas
- Shudras
According to a Hindu, what determines your state of “Reincarnation?”
Karma
What is “Karma?”
The result of a person’s actions as well as the actions themselves that affect their future
Is the Moravian Lovefeast a substitute for Communion?
The Lovefeast is not a substitute but a coming together to bring unity and equality among like-minded people within and out. Congregational devotions and prayer is done and eating takes place throughout the time.
What is “God’s Acre?”
It is a reference to the Moravian church’s cemetery or “churchyard”
What is the “official” name of the Moravian Church since the 1400s?
Unitas Fratrum
Which reformer heavily influenced the Moravian Church?
John Hus
What do Presbyterians believe happens to the soul after death?
It either goes straight to Heaven or Hell (predestination)
Who is the “founder” of the Presbyterian Church?
John Calvin
According to a Presbyterian, what does “Predestination” mean?
Your soul is already “predestined” to go to hell or heaven
What is the original name of the one known as “Buddha?”
Siddhartha Gautama
List & Describe the 4-Noble Truths of Buddhism?
- the truth of suffering - there is suffering in the world
- the truth of the cause of suffering - there is a cause of suffering
- the truth of the end of suffering - there is an end to our suffering
- the truth of the path that leads to the end of suffering - there is a path that can end our suffering
List the 8-fold paths of Buddhism (one of the Four Noble Truths)
- right understanding
- right intent
- right speech
- right action
- right livelihood
- right effort
- right mindfulness
- right concentration
What is the greatest goal of Buddhism?
To reach Enlightenment
Where did Buddha achieve this greatest goal of Buddhism?
Under a bodhi tree
What led to the divide in the Mennonites, starting the Amish?
The treatment of members of the Mennonite faith who violated doctrines
How many ministers in the average Amish community?
2-3 ministers
What is the Ausbund and why is it important to the Amish?
It is a German hymn book that was written by the European Anabaptists in the 1500s. It’s important because it preserves religious traditions
Why do the Amish shun most modern-day technology?
Because they believe it damages the community
What do the Amish believe electricity can lead to?
Being too close to the world which is what they’re trying to avoid
How do the Amish evangelize?
The concept of spreading the faith through words strikes the Amish as hollow. They believe that the best way to judge a person’s faith is to see it lived in context, in community. Unless they are asked, putting their faith into words for people they have never met before and may never see again makes little sense to them. There is little point, in their view, to inviting someone to a personal relationship with God without requiring obedience to a church-based lifestyle (The Amish Way p. 43)
What is the Amish Rumspringa (Running Around)?
The age at which Amish children become adolescents and the Amish youth are no longer under the control of their parents. They are unbaptized and are “running around” to see the “outside world”.
According to Catholics, the Immaculate Conception describes whose sinless state?
Virgin Mary
Why do Catholics pray to Mary? Is she a god?
- “Highest of the Saints”
- Immaculate Conception
- Remained as a reservoir of Christ’s grace
- Can receive intercessional prayers
- Do not worship
What is the meaning of the word “Transubstantiation?”
The process where the bread and wine become the living body and blood of Jesus Christ
What is the meaning of “Consubstantiation?”
The doctrine of the Eucharist affirming that Christ’s body and blood substantially coexist with the consecrated bread and wine
List & Describe the Catholic sacraments.
Baptism Eucharist Confirmation Reconciliation Anointing of the Sick Holy Orders Marriage (Check Google Docs for Explanation)
Describe the Catholic belief of Purgatory
- Those that are connected with God but still have sins that need to be purged
- Purification of sins required to enter heaven
What does “Vicar” mean?
A vicar is a representative or substitute for a bishop. It comes from the Latin word “vicarius” which means substitute.
Who created the Anglican Church & Why?
- King Henry VIII
- Who split from the Roman Catholic Church because the pope refused to grant a divorce to between him and his wife
What are the 5 Pillars of Islam?
- Shahada - profession of faith
- Salat - prayer
- Zakah - alms giving
- Sawm - fasting
- Hajj - pilgrimage
How many wives can a Muslim have?
Four
What is the difference between a Muslim & Islam?
Islam is the religion’s name and Muslim is a follower of Islam
Through whom did the Jewish nation begin?
Abraham
Who is the most holy and acknowledged prophet for Judaism?
Moses
Through whom does Judaism trace its roots back to Abraham?
Jacob
What is the Hebrew Bible of Judaism called?
Tanakh
How does Judaism view Jesus Christ?
Judaism views Jesus Christ not as a prophet, Messiah, or the Son of God.
What is the Pentateuch?
- the first 5 books of the bible: Genesis, Exodus, Leviticus, Numbers, and Deuteronomy
- called the Torah by the Jews
How many hours long is the Jewish Sabbath?
- Friday sundown to Saturday sundown
- about 25 hours
Which religion uses “Shunning” as a method of Church Discipline?
The Amish
Which religion has a book of instruction entitled, “The Pearl of Great Price?”
Mormons / Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints
Which religion has a book of instruction entitled, “New World Translation?”
Jehovah’s Witness
Which religion has a book of instruction entitled, “The Book of Concord?”
Lutherns
Which religion has a book of instruction entitled, “The Vedas?”
Hinduism
Which religion has a book of instruction entitled, “The WatchTower?
Jehovah’s Witness
Which religion has a book of instruction entitled, “The Torah?”
Judaism
Which religion has an oral tradition of rules entitled, “The Ordnung?”
The Amish
Which religion has a motto of, “In Essentials, Unity; In Non-Essentials, Liberty; In All Things, Love?”
Moravians
Salat is the prayers given 5 times a day in this religion
Islam
For the early Mormon settlers, “This is the Place!”
Salt Lake City, Utah
Jehovah’s Witnesses believe in the invisible appearance of Jesus in 1914 to begin Armageddon, otherwise known as the…
“parousia” or presence invisible to us
Which author wrote the book, “Dianetics: The Modern Science of Mental Health”, that started the Church of Scientology?
Lafayette Ronald Hubbard
What is the name/title of the immortal beings that are thought to exist within every living thing?
Thetan
What main practice of Scientology involves therapy-like sessions that eliminate past traumas and experiences using a device called an E-meter?
Auditing
Which religion includes authoritative books such as the Book of Concord and the Augsburg Confession?
Lutherans
What Scriptural evidence do Lutherans use to support their idea of baptism?
They focus on the Pentecost when the disciples baptized 3,000 and there was no large body of water around. (Found in Acts 2)
Why do Lutherans worship on Sunday when they themselves state that they know Sunday is not the Sabbath?
They believe that Saturday was named as the day of worship with the first creation and then when Jesus rose from the grave that became the new creation and that it became the day of worship
Why do Hindu followers place a “dot” on their foreheads?
The Bindi is the dot on Hindu’s foreheads, and it represents a “third” eye in which one may be closer to the Gods and gain peace and understanding from meditation and various enlightenments.
What are the three jewels of Jainism, what do they revolve around?
- right faith
- right knowledge
- right conduct
- revolve around the mahavratas or five great vows
Which ancient symbol, originating in Eurasia some 7000 years ago, means, “Good Fortune” or “Well-Being.”
The swastika
Which is the one Vow all followers of Jainism strive to strictly follow? And what is the meaning of it?
“Ahimsa”- which means non-violence
Who is the founder of Sikhism
Guru Nanak
Which great value of Sikhism clashes with India’s caste system?
That all people are equal. No one is greater than another
What is the end goal of a Sikh?
To exit the cycle of reincarnation and become one with God
Where did the term “baptist” originate in regards to its use for the Baptist Church?
Originated from the Baptist belief in believers’ baptism through immersion and was used by opposing religions as a derogatory term.
According to the Catholic faith, what are the two main types of sins and what distinguishes them from each other (e.g. characterizes them?)
Mortal:
Mortal sins are major transgressions of God’s law and require three criteria: grave matter, full knowledge, and complete consent. This type of sin is heavily suggested by the Catholic church to be forgiven by a priest via confessional and separates one from the Kingdom of Heaven. Example: Cheating on your spouse
Venial:
Venial sins are minor transgressions of God’s law and do not fulfill all three criteria of Mortal sin. These can be forgiven at the beginning of Mass as well as prayed for in private. These do not separate one from Heaven but wound the soul spiritually.
Example: Saying something rude to someone else
According to the Catholic faith, what are the three “destinations” for a human soul to go after death? Explain each one in detail and which people go where.
Heaven: it is where those who are pure enough to stand before God and have lived their life in Him go after death, as well as those who have been purified from purgatory. Believers go here, those that are saved by faith and have lived a life of God.
Hell: it is where those that reject God and live a life of mortal sin go. Those who have not repented of their sins or have not attempted to make a connection with God go here.
Purgatory: A middle ground where those with somewhat of a relationship with God, but not pure enough to enter heaven go. They are placed in purgatory for an undefined amount of time, but enough time for them to be purified of their sins to enter heaven.
