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History > World War One > Flashcards

World War One Flashcards

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1
Q

What were the effects of WW1?

A

Unresolved political issues, caused revolts in Russia, Germany, rise of Hitler and Nazism, destroyed Austrian Empire which had ruled Eastern Europe and Balkans, destroyed Turkish Empire that ruled much of Middle East, weakened Russian Empire which paved way for the communist Soviet Union.

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2
Q

When was the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand?

A

28th June 1914.

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3
Q

What was the Black Hand Gang?

A

Bosnian Serbs who hated Austria for Bosnia being annexed to the Austrian Empire.

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4
Q

What did 6 members of the black hand gang do on the 28th June 1914?

A

Stationed at intervals along riverside route to the Town Hall that the Archduke was taking, armed with bombs and pistols and cyanide to take if they were captured.

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5
Q

What happened to the first two assassins on the route?

A

Both lost their nerves and did nothing.

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6
Q

What did the third assassin do when the Archduke passed?

A

Threw a bomb, took his cyanide and jumped into the river.

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7
Q

What happened to the bomb thrown at the Archduke’s car?

A

Threw it off car but it exploded under the car behind, injuring several people.

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8
Q

What happened once the Archduke reached the town hall?

A

He demanded to see the bomb victims, so the officials decided on a new route to avoid the crowds but did not explain it properly to his driver.

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9
Q

What happened on the Archduke’s travel to the hospital?

A

His driver went wrong up Franz Josef street (not Appel quay) and came across Gavrilo Princip. Reversed backwards but Princip fired two shots, pierced the Archduke’s neck and one ricohcged off car into Sophie’s stomach.

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10
Q

What immediately happened after the assassination?

A

Austria blamed Serbia for death and issued ultimatum on 23rd July.

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11
Q

What happened on the 28th July?

A

Austria declared war on Serbia, and shelled its capital Belgrade.

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12
Q

What happened after the shelling of Belgrade?

A

Russian army got ready to help defend Serbia, Germany warned Russia not to help them.

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13
Q

What happened on the 1st August 1914?

A

Germany declares war on Russia, moves army towards France and Belgium.

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14
Q

What happened after the Germany army moves closer to France and Belgium?

A

French army put on war footing in event of German invasion.

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15
Q

What happens on the 3rd August 1914?

A

Germany declares war on France and invades Belgium, Britain orders Germany to withdraw.

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16
Q

When does Britain declare war on Germany?

A

4th August 1914.

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17
Q

What happens on the 6th August?

A

Austria declares war on Russia.

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18
Q

What was Germany before 1870?

A

A collection of small independent states of which Prussia was the most powerful.

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19
Q

What happened in 1870 in Germany?

A

Prussian statesman Bismarck won war against France. He United Germany into a powerful empire. Took important industrial area Alsace Lorraine from France.

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20
Q

What did Bismarck do to protect Germany from a French revenge attack?

A

He formed an alliance with Austria-Hungary and Italy.

21
Q

What happened in 1890 in Germany?

A

Kaiser Wilhelm II took control of Germany policy from Bismarck and took a new, more aggressive approach than Bismarck’s caution.

22
Q

What did Kaiser Wilhelm II think Germany should be?

A

A world power that had overseas colonies and a big empire like France and Britain. Had two colonies in Africa but wanted more.

23
Q

What did the Kaiser order in the 1890s?

A

Building of a large navy.

24
Q

What was ‘encirclement?’

A

Friendship to the east Russia and to west France was an attempt thought by Germany to threaten and surround Germany.

25
Q

What was Germany also concerned by in 1890?

A

Build up of arms.

26
Q

What was Austria Hungary made up of?

A

Czechs, Slovaks, Serbs, Croats, Germans etc.

27
Q

What did the people in Austria Hungary want?

A

They had their own customs and languages so many wanted independence.

28
Q

Who wanted, in the Austrian Hungarian empire, to rule themselves?

A

Czechs in the North.

29
Q

What did the Slav and Croat people in the South West want?

A

Their own state.

30
Q

What did the Serbs living in the South of the Austrian Hungarian empire want?

A

To be joined to the neighbouring state of Serbia.

31
Q

What was Austria Hungary’s main concern in the 1914?

A

How to keep its fragmented empire together.

32
Q

What problems did Austria Hungary face from neighbouring states?

A

Newly independent Serbia was becoming a powerful force in Balkans and they had Russia supporting them who had a strong army.

33
Q

Which countries were part of the Triple Entente?

A

Russia, France, Britain.

34
Q

Which countries were part of the central powers or triple alliance?

A

Germany, Italy, Austria-Hungary.

35
Q

What was britains attitude in the nineteenth century?

A

Splendid isolation- concentrated on overseas empire and tried not to get involved in European politics.

36
Q

What happened in 1904 between France and Britain?

A

Reached a number of agreements about colonies in North Africa.

37
Q

Who was Russia defeated against in a war in 1904?

A

Japan, which weakened Russia so Britain didn’t feel as concerned about it.

38
Q

Why was Britain worried about Germany?

A

By 1914, their industry had overtaken britains and the Kaiser wanted a empire and strong navy which threatened Britain.

39
Q

When was France defeated by Germany in a short war and what were the consequences?

A

1870, and they took Alsace Lorraine a strong industrial area from France.

40
Q

What were the main concerns of France in the early 1900s?

A

To protect itself against an attack from Germany

To get back Alsace Lorraine.

41
Q

What was Russia mainly made up of in early 1900s?

A

Agricultural land although loans from France had allowed it to develop some industry.

42
Q

Why was Russia so friendly with Serbia?

A

It had a long history of rivalry with Austria Hungary and Russians and Serbs were both Slavs. Many other Slavs lived in Austria hungarys empire and Russia thought it should have imgluence over them.

43
Q

Why was Russia concerned it had lost a war with Japan?

A

Because after there was a revolution against Tsar Nicholas who knew Russia could not afford to lose in any other conflict.

44
Q

Which people lived in the Balkans in early 1900s?

A

Different nationalities were mixed together and they were all hostile to each other.

45
Q

Who had ruled the area of the Balkans?

A

The Ottoman Empire (Turkey) but it went into decline and began to lose its hold over the area.

46
Q

Which two great powers bordered the Balkans?

A

Russia and Austria- both wanted to control the area for access to Mediterranean

47
Q

What happened in the Bosnian Crisis of 1908?

A

Austria took over provinces of Bosnia and Herzegovina. Russia and Serbia protested but were told to back down by Germany. Austria felt Germany would back it up in further disputes so became too confident- encouraged it to make trouble with Serbia and Russia. Russia hated being told to back down so built up its arms.

48
Q

What happened after the Balkan wars (1912-1913)

A

Serbia emerged as most powerful country in Balkans which was bad for Austria as Serbia had a strong army and a good relationship with Russia. By 1914- looking for excuse to crush Serbia.

49
Q

What did Austria use as an excuse to crush Serbia?

A

The murder of archduke Franz Ferdinand. Frantic diplomatic effort got Germany’s backing. Austria gave Serbia 10 point ultimatum effectively making Serbia part of Austria hungarys empire. Serbs could not accept so when asked for time, Austria declared war.

History (4 decks)

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