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Abi History 2015 > World War One > Flashcards

World War One Flashcards

1
Q

How long did people initially think WW1 would last?

A

Six weeks at most.

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2
Q

When did WW1 break out?

A

1914

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3
Q

What things assisted WW1?

A 
Industrialisation 
Rival alliances
Nationalism
The arms race
Naval rivalry between Britain and Germany
Economic Rivalry
Colonial rivalry
Collapse of the Ottoman Empire
Tension in the Balkans
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4
Q

How long did the war actually last?

A

Four years

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5
Q

What influence did industrialisation have on the war?

A

Industrialization had created such efficient weapons that they caused death and destruction on a scale never known before.

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5
Q

What are rival alliances?

A

They are when countries group together to from opposing sides or alliances

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6
Q

What were the rival alliances during the First World War?

A

The Triple Alliance and the Triple Entente

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7
Q

What countries formed the Triple Alliance?

A

Germany
Austria-Hungary
Italy

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8
Q

What countries formed the Triple Entente?

A

Britain
France
Russia

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9
Q

What would the alliances do in the event of war?

A

They would form a united front (they would help each other) in a war

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10
Q

How did nationalism influence WW1?

A

European countries were competing to be the richest, most powerful and strongest European nation. This pride and devotion to their country made them willing to go to war.

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11
Q

What was the arms race?

A

It was a competition between the alliances to build the biggest and best weapons, to show their prowess.

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12
Q

How did naval rivalry influence the First World War?

A

Britain has the strongest existing navy before the war, until Germany’s navy began to develop. Thcompeting to be the richest, most powerful and strongest European nation begin to compete for naval supremacy.

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13
Q

How did economic rivalry influence WW1?

A

At the start of the war, Germany produced more products like metal and coal than Britain, which fuelled British nationalism.

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14
Q

How did colonial rivalry influence WW1?

A

European countries competed by taking control of sections of land in foreign countries. The completion to get more resources and power created tension between the countries.

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15
Q

Where was the Ottoman Empire?

A

In Turkey

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16
Q

How did the collapse of the Ottoman Empire influence WW1?

A

When it collapsed, Austria and Russia competed to gain control over the now-leaderless countries.

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17
Q

How did tension in the Balkans influence the war?

A

Austria-Hungary wanted control of Serbia, but Serbia wanted independence. The Serbians rebelled against Austria-Hungary by murdering the archduke. In defence, Austria-Hungary and their alliances attacked Serbia.

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18
Q

What was the name of the archduke of Austria-Hungary?

A

Franz Ferdinand

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19
Q

Where was Franz killed?

A

In Bosnia in Sarajevo

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20
Q

What organisation murdered the Archduke?

A

The Black Hand

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21
Q

Why was the archduke in Sarajevo?

A

He was visiting Bosnia to show the Serbs that he meant no harm to them as their future ruler

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22
Q

Who was supposed to assassinate Ferdinand?

A

Cabrinovic

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23
Q

What weapon did Cabrinovic use?

A

A hand grenade

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24
What happened when Cabrinovic attempted to kill the Archduke?
The grenade went off late and wounded 20 people, instead of killing the Archduke.
25
What did the Archduke do after the attempt on his life?
He decided to continue his journey
26
Who ended up killing Franz?
Gavrilo Princip
27
What was Gavrilo doing when he saw the Archduke?
He was eating a sandwich
28
Why was the Archduke where he was?
There had been a route change, but the drivers weren't told. The cars were stopped so that they could turn around.
29
How did Gavrilo murder the Archduke and his wife?
He was a sharp shooter, and he killed them with a revolver. He shot the duchess in the side and he shot the Archduke in his jugular vein.
30
Why did the First World War differs for previous wars?
``` Scale of the war Nature of the fighting Involvement of large numbers of citizens, especially women The use of propaganda The deadlliness of the weapons ```
31
How many countries were involved in WW1?
30
32
Where did the war mainly take place?
``` Europe Asia Africa Atlantic Ocean Pacific Ocean ```
33
How many men were conscripted to fight in the war?
About 70 million
34
How many people were killed in the war?
About 10 million
35
How many people were wounded in the war?
About 20 million
36
What is another name for the First World War?
The Great War
37
What were trenches?
They were lines of ditches dug into the ground.
38
What were trenches used for?
The soldiers lived, ate and fought from them.
39
What is no-mans land?
It is the ground between enemy lines
40
What was the Western Front?
It was a region of trenches that stretched for about 600km across Northern France and Belgium.
41
What were the trenches protected by?
Coils of barbed wire and sandbags.
42
What happened during an attack on the enemy's lines?
The soldiers had to climb over the top of the trenches, run across no-mans land and capture the other trenches.
43
What was the worst case of senseless slaughter?
The Battle of the Somme
44
How many men were wounded, dead or missing on the first day of the Battle of the Somme?
55 000
45
What was the result of the Battle of the Somme?
No land was gained and many people died.
46
What were the trenches like?
Dirty and horrific. Shelling was constantly heard in the background.
47
What happened to many soldiers during the Great War?
They were emotionally, physically and mentally damaged.
48
Who were deserters?
They were people who tried to run away to escape the war
49
What happened to deserters?
They were tried and shot.
50
What was censorship?
It was when soldier's letters to home where monitored so that their families would not know how horrible the trenches really were.
51
What was conscription?
It was when men were forced to join the war.
52
What new laws were introduced during the war?
Land could be taken by military officers "Troublemakers" could be arrested News was censored People had to work longer hours
53
What was rationing?
It was when families were only allowed a certain amount of food
54
Why did rationing happen?
Germany and Britain were sinking each other's ships which were importing food. This meant food was in short supply.
55
What kinds of machines were used during WW1?
``` Zeppelins Planes Submarines Tanks Guns Cannons Battleships Torpedo ships Destroyers ```
56
What is propaganda?
Is a form of persuasive communication which influences people‟s beliefs, opinions and emotions It may be true or false, but it is always deliberately used to influence people It appeals to the heart or emotions, not to the mind or reason It uses fear, exaggeration and lies to get people to support an idea or cause
57
How did the British government use propaganda during WW1?
They used persuasive posters to encourage men to sign up to be soldiers.
58
What kind of posters did the government design?
They designed posters that appealed to a person's sense of duty, their sense of patriotism and love of adventure. Some aimed to make men feel guilty if they did not sign up.
59
Why did the British government introduce conscription?
Because they needed a continuous supply of soldiers to fight in the war.
60
What was a conscientious objector?
They were people who refused to fight on the war on the grounds of their principles and morals.
61
What were woman encouraged to do to conscientious objectors and why?
They were encouraged to hand out white feathers to men who were no in uniform to shame them into joining the military.
62
What did women have to do during the First World War?
They had to keep the economy going
63
How did women keep the economy going?
Women worked as clerks, plumbers, bus drivers and gravediggers. Some became heavy manual labourers, such as steel workers, coalminers and shipbuilders.
64
How did women's lives change after WW1?
They got more personal freedom and voting rights
65
What kind of personal freedom did women get after the war?
They went out socially with female friends and many even started smoking in public. Fashion changed to looser fitting and shorter dresses. Some women even wore trousers for the first time. Women had more self-confidence.
66
How did women gain voting rights?
They showed they were just as capable as men and through the efforts of suffragettes
67
What were suffragettes?
They were a group of women who used civil disobedience to gain the attention of the public and the press
68
What are examples of civil disobedience?
Breaking windows of government buildings Setting fire to race tracks and golf courses Disrupted public meetings Chained themselves to parliament railings Going on hunger strikes
69
Who was one of the leaders of the suffragette movement?
Emily Pankhurst
70
What was the impact of WW1 on South Africa?
South Africans had to fight in the war
71
Why did South Africans have to participate in the war?
They were part of the British Empire
72
What did black South Africans do during the war?
They helped through non-fighting roles, because the British government did not want to train them
73
How many South African soldiers were killed?
About 12 000
74
How many South Africans volunteered to go to war?
About 160000
75
How old did women have to be to vote?
By the 1920s most women over 30 got the vote.
76
What were the non-fighting roles that black South Africans played in the First World War?
Drivers Stretcher bearers Labourers
77
What happened to Namibia during WW1?
Since Namibia was a German colony, they were conquered by the Britain colony of South Africa.
78
What was the most famous WW1 battle involving South Africa?
Battle of Delville Wood in July 1916
79
How many men were killed or wounded at the Battle of Delville Wood?
2 400 men were killed or wounded out of a total of 3 152
80
What tragic event involved South Africans during the First World War?
A tragic event involving South Africans was the sinking of the Mendi in the English Channel in February 1917
81
How many people drowned during the sinking of the Mendi?
616 out of 823 black soldiers drowned
82
How did the sinking of the Mendi happen?
It was hit by a British ship in a dense fog. The ship did not even stop to pick up survivors.

Abi History 2015 (9 decks)

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