world war one Flashcards
Otto Von Bismark
German Chancellor
isolates France
alliance with Austria/Hungary and Italy later joins
trade treaty with Russia
fears two front war
Kaiser Wilhem II
German Ruler (1888-1918)
forces Bismark to resign
built up army and navy
Three Emperor’s League (1881)
Germany, Austria-Hungary, Russia
Triple Alliance (1882)
Germany, Austria-Hungary, Italy
Entente Cordiale (1904)
Britain, France
Triple Entente
Britain, France, Russia
Franz Ferdinand
Austrian Archduke
visits Sarajevo, Bosnia and gets assassinated
Gavrilo Philip
Serbian Nationalist, Black Hand member
kills Ferdinand
July Crisis
Austria gives Serbia an ultimatum (July 23)
Serbia accepts all but two
Austria declares war (July 28)
Germany declares war on Russia
Count Berchtold
Austrian Prime Minister
gives ultimatum
Bethmann Hollweg
German Prine Minister
support for Austria during July crisis with Wilhem II was gone
Sir Edward Grey
British Foreign Secretary
Schlieffen Plan
attack France (through Belgium) when Russia is mobilizing and then attack Russia, to avoid two front war
Britain-Belgium Treaty (1838)
Britain would protect Belgium so Germany could not control their channel ports
Britain declared war on Germany (Aug 4, 1914) after ultimatum
German Western Front
defence
large troops with heavy artillery
Battle of Tannenberg (Aug 25-28, 1914)
Germans took 95000 prisoners, killed 30000
German Easter Front
traditional tactical warfare
Ludendorff and Hidenburg
German commanders during Battle of Tannenberg (Aug 25-28, 1914)
Wilfrid Laurier
7th Canadian Prime Minister
joined Britain in war (declared loyal to Britain in 1904)
joins full war effort in 1914 (initially sends 25000 men, then 100000 men in June 1915)
Robert Borden
8th Primer Minister during the war
signed War Measures Act which gave the government extraordinary powers
Sam Hughes
Canadian Minister of Militia
started a nationwide recruitment campaign
Valcartier
Quebecois, a part of the Canadian Expeditionary Force
had a training camp
30000 Canadians sailed for England (Sept 1914), arrived Feb 1915
Henri Bourassa
Quebecois nationalist
opposed war effects though supported voluntary enlistment
Canadian Patriotic Fund
money for soldier’s families
Military Hospitals Commission
hospitals for wounded
YMCA
organized canteens
support services for soldiers
Red Cross
humanitarian aid
kept track of the wounded
Victory Bonds
raised money for war
Income Tax
introduced in 1917, still around
Ypres, Belgium (April 1915)
chemical warfare (chlorine gas)
Canada helped hold the line, 6000 died/missing/wounded
Somme River (July 1916)
troops go over the top
57000 British die
Vimy Ridge, Northern France (April 1917)
Canada use rolling barrage, drop shells just in front of Germans, great success for Canada
Officer Arthur Currie
Canadian strategist
strategized in Vimy Ridge
Passchendale, Belgium (July 1917)
British lose 68000
British High Command sends Arthur Currie but more die
USA Neutrality
wished to stay out of European business
their interests were out of the Western hemisphere
militarism was absent (small army)
many immigrants, did not want to tear country apart
could trade with both sides, aided economy
Lusitania
US passenger boat
struck by German U-boat
Woodrow Willson
USA president
National Defense Act (1916) USA
increased army (80000 to 223000)
state militias
National Guard to 400000
established junior reserve officer training corps
Naval Expansion Act (1916) USA
10 dreadnoughts
16 cruisers
50 destroyers
Merchant Marine Act (1916) USA
federal gov owned ships
regulated shipping
Zimmermann Telegram
note from Germany to Mexico offering to form an alliance to help them regain lost territory (taken by USA)
