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democracy Flashcards

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1
Q

responsible government

A

the government must have the support of a majority of members of Parliament (MPs) to stay in power

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2
Q

unitary system

A

a system of political organization in which most or all of the governing power resides in a centralized government, in contrast to a federal state

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3
Q

federal system

A

includes executive, legislative​, and judicial branches

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4
Q

checks and balances

A

usually ensure that no one person or department has absolute control over decisions, clearly define the assigned duties, and force cooperation in completing tasks

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5
Q

triple E senate

A

proposed reform of the senate:
effective; be accounatable
elected (instead of appointed); in order to learn who the people are
equal; equal representation between provinces

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6
Q

representative by population/first pass the post

A

each memeber represents approximately the same amount of people from each province (80000-100000 people)
winner in riding ins candidate that recieves the most votes

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7
Q

constitutional monarchy

A

the Sovereign is Head of State, the ability to make and pass legislation resides with an elected parliament

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8
Q

executive branch

A

part of government which enforces the law, and has overall responsibility for the governance of a state
prime minister and cabinet

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9
Q

legislative branch

A

he federal institution with the power to make laws, to raise taxes, and to authorize government spending
house of commons and senate

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10
Q

judicial branch

A

appointed judges
highest court in the land
hear disputes between provinces and territories, issues between provinces and government, copyright issues, citizenship appeals, human rights issues, etc.

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11
Q

governor general

A

Mary Simons
representation of crown; also nown as head of state
more of ceremonial/honorary position

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12
Q

cabinet

A

chosen from the elected member of parliament who is given a particular department (finance, education, foreign affaires, etc.)

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13
Q

representative democracy

A

we vote people to represent us
federal (members of parliament)
provincial (members of legislative assembly)
municipal ( city council)

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14
Q

constitution

A

supreme law of Canada

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15
Q

upper chamber and lower chamber

A

upper (senate); lower (house of commons)

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16
Q

parliament

A

federal legislature of Canada, seated at Parliament Hill in Ottawa, and is composed of three parts: the King, the Senate, and the House of Commons

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17
Q

direct democracy

A

peopel decide everything; voteres vote on every issue
effective for small groups

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18
Q

referendum/plebiscite

A

public vote to change consititution; general vote on specific issue
referendum is binding; whatever is voted happens
plebiscite is an inquiry; wants to know what everyone else wants

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19
Q

dissident

A

a person who opposes official policy, especially that of an authoritarian state

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20
Q

block voting/cabinet solidarity/caucus solidarity/party solidarity/ministerial solidarity

A

party is told how to vote on every bill
meetng of only party memebers
makes them look like a unit and united
doesn’t represent the people

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21
Q

caucus

A

a meeting a meeting or grouping of supporters or members of a specific political party or movement

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22
Q

tyranny of the majority

A

nothing stops hem from passing any bills they wish

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23
Q

minority government/coalition government

A

less than half the seats but still the most seats
they must get help from other parties (it’s hard to pass legislation)

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24
Q

universal sufferage

A

ensures the right to vote for as many people who are bound by a government’s laws as possible, as supported by the “one person, one vote” principle

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25
Q

prime minister

A

leader of the party that won most seats in elections

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26
Q

house of commons

A

338 seats/elected members elected by representation by population/first past the ost electorial system

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27
Q

vote of non-confidence

A

lost of confidence in prime minister’s ability to do job
(in america it is called impeachement)

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28
Q

canadian senate

A

appointed by prime minister
provide second thought/screening (make sure that house of commons are making the correct decisions)

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29
Q

criticism of senate

A

costs too much for little return
not highly visible; not impactful to the government
not equal representation

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30
Q

riding/constituency

A

areas of voters who vote one representative
don’t cross borders of provinces

31
Q

rule of law

A

all democracy have consititution
laws and criminal code nation wide
everyone is suseptable to law

32
Q

human rights/freedoms

A

freedom of religious association
free vote by secret ballot
mobility
constitution that protects rights and freedoms

33
Q

accountability/responsibility

A

individual; vote, protest
political; represent the people
media; open, honest, transparent

34
Q

voting with choice

A

free choice by seccret ballot
multiple choices with different ideologies

35
Q

division of power

A

multiple branches

36
Q

cons of fptp

A

leads to voter apathy
votes don’t matter
leads to 2 parties
voters are voting for the next best thing

37
Q

proportional representative electoral system

A

percent of vote you get equal percent of seat you recieve

38
Q

pros and cons of pres

A

pro: all votes count
higher voter turnout
more parties/voices in parliament
con: lead to coalition (2 parties merge because of minority government)
volatile and unstable
difficult to pass legislation

39
Q

presidential/congressional democracy

A

system in USA

40
Q

republic

A

the usa; all representatives are elected, no monarchy

41
Q

legislative branch (usa)

A

drafts purposed laws
representative from each state ensures the regions have a strong voice in the legislature of the Federal government
includese houses of congress

42
Q

houses of congress

A

senate
house of representatives

43
Q

senate (usa)

A

powerful and effective
six years in office

44
Q

house of representatives

A

435 members
congressmen elected for 2 years
laws must be approved by both houses

45
Q

exectutive branch (usa)

A

not a part of the legislative branch
includes: president, cabinet

46
Q

president/ chief executive officer of USA/ head of state/ head of government

A

born in usa
not a memeber of congress
4 year term (max 2 terms)

47
Q

cabinet (usa)

A

appointed by president
not memeber of congress
propose legisation to president, carry out laws passed by congress

48
Q

judicial

A

interprets government law
jusdge cases based on laws of nation/state
made up of supreme court

49
Q

supreme court of the united states

A

9 judges appointed by president and confirmed by the senate for life

50
Q

principals of collectivism

A

economic equality, cooperation, public property, collective interest, collective responsibility, adherence to collective norms

51
Q

principals of individualism

A

rule of law, individual rights and freedoms, private property, economic freedom, self-interest/competition

52
Q

economic equality

A

people with larger income pay higher taxes
all people should earn equal pay for similar work
guarenteed annual income
share wealth

53
Q

cooperation

A

members in group/collectives achieve their common goals

54
Q

public property

A

land, buildings, vehicles (not privately owned)
maintained with public money/taxes and can be uses by all members

55
Q

collective interest

A

set of interests that members of a group have in common
goals better adressed by making common set of interests
ex. labour unions

56
Q

collective responsibility

A

holding whole group responsible for actions of individuals

57
Q

adherence to collective norms

A

impose norms and standards of membership in group

58
Q

rule of law

A

every individual is equal before the law and all citizens are subject to the law

59
Q

individual rights and freedoms

A

freedom of religion, speech, security, liberty
may be limited (ex. legal voting age, freedom of speech v.s. promotion of speech)

60
Q

private property

A

real-estate: land, water, air corridors
physical possessions: stereos, cars
intellectual property: writing, artwork, music

61
Q

economic freedom

A

freedom to buy/sell whatever you want to whoever you like
free of government intervention; free market

62
Q

self-interest/competition

A

competition with each other benefits all of society (contributes to the oome good of everyone
“invisible hand” guides individuals

63
Q

electorate

A

all the people in a country or area who are entitled to vote in an election

64
Q

rupublican democracy

A

representative form of government that is ruled according to a charter, or constitution, and a democracy is a government that is ruled according to the will of the majority

65
Q

executive accountability

A

executives are accountable for ensuring they identify, monitor and operate in accordance with legal obligations relevant to their functional area, including seeking advice as necessary

66
Q

pressure/lobby groups

A

groups that seek to influence or change government legislation and policies

67
Q

civil service

A

collective term for a sector of government composed mainly of career civil servants hired rather than appointed or elected, whose institutional tenure typically survives transitions of political leadership

68
Q

ombundsman

A

an official appointed to investigate individuals’ complaints against maladministration, especially that of public authorities

69
Q

unicameral

A

having a single legislative chamber

70
Q

bicameral

A

having two chambers in legislature

71
Q

johhn stuart mill

A

government should be limited to providing the conditions necessary for people to achieve their individuality
believed women should be able to vote

72
Q

montesqiue

A

idea of 3 branches of government

73
Q

universal suffrage

A

everyone should be able to vote

world history (2 decks)

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