World War One Flashcards
Paris Peace Conferance
A meeting in Paris in 1919 to discuss the terms of the treaty of Versailles.
Woodrow Wilson
President of the United States at the Paris Pease Conference ; wanted to make the world safe for democracy; came up with idea for the League of Nations.
George Clemenceau
President of France at the Paris Peace Conference
David Lloyd George
Prime Minister of Britain at the Paris Pease Conference.
Big Three
Nickname for Britain, France and U.S.A.
Treaty of Versailles
Peace treaty signed between the Germans and the Allies
Fourteen Points.
Wilson’s statement of principles for peace that was to be used for peace negotiations in order to end World War One
Reparations
Making amends; Payments made by Germans to the Allies for all wartime damages.
War Guilt Clause
Article in the Treaty of Versailles that made Germany admit responsibility for starting WW1.
League of Nations
Brainchild of Woodrow Wilson; Organization promoting international co-operation.
Total War
Enlisted the efforts, energies and passions of civilians as well as soldiers; Civilians were now targeted as well as soldiers.
Imperial Munitions Board
Government board that oversaw production of munitions.
War Trade Board
Government board to work closely with the U.S.A to manage imports, exports and problems of security.
“Doing your bit”
Patriotic attitude of those at home; everyone wanted to help where they could.
Victory Bonds
Issued by the Canadian government to support the war; way of loaning money to the government and then after the war, bonds could be cashed in for profit.
Thrift Stamp
Provided an opportunity for children to loan money to the government; each stamp costs 25 cents - after collecting $4, a child could cash them in for $5 in 1924.
Honour Rationing
A civilian effort to consume less and conserve more supplies on the home front.
Victory Gardens
Gardens planted by ordinary people to produce as much food as possible; allowed more to be available to go overseas.
Income Tax
Tax on personal Outcome.
Corporate Tax
A tax charged to businesses based on their total revenues.
Propaganda
Systematic spreading of ideas influencing people to support a particular cause or point of view.
Farmerettes
Women who did the work on the farm that men usually did; due to men being away at war.
Suffragist
A person who advocates that women should have the right to vote.
Suffragette
A women who advocated for women suffrage which is the right to vote. Ex: Emily Murphy, Nellie McClung.
Wartime Elections Act
Gave the right to vote federally to female family members of soldiers in the armed forces. At the same time, took away the vote for, those born in country’s considered to be the enemy.
An Act to Confer the Electoral Franchise Upon Women
All women were given the right to vote in federal elections.
Dominion Elections Act
Women were given the right to run for election to Parliament.
Halifax Explosion
French ammunition’s ship “Mont Blanc” and the Belgian ship “Imo” collided; created the biggest artificial explosion ever recorded at that time.
Conscription
Forced enlistment in the armed forces of all fit men of certain ages. There is no longer a choice.
Military Service Act
- Made conscription law; military service compulsory for all males between 20 and 45. Conscription divided the country and left deep and lasting scars.
Conscientious Objectors
A person who opposes war for religious or moral reasons.
Pacifist
Someone opposed to war or violence of any kind.
Military Voters Act
The act that allowed men and women serving overseas to vote.
Union Governemnt
Coalition government formed by Conservatives and some Liberals and independents that governed Canada form 1917-1920. Built on support for Conscription.
Abdicate (meaning)
To give up a position of authority.
Socialist
Believer in a political and economic system in which the means of production and distribution in a country are publicly owned and controlled for the “benefit” of all members of society.
Central Powers
The German Empire, The Austro-Hungarian Empire, the Ottoman Empire, and the Kingdom of Bulgaria.
Hundred Day Campain
Germany launched a mighty offensive on the Western Front before American soldiers could arrive in great numbers; this was the last final great sweep against Germany’s last gasp offensive to win the war; the final Allied offensive against the Central Powers; broke the back of the German military; more Canadian casualties at this time than in any other battle
Armistice (meaning)
Temporary suspension of hostilities by agreement of the warring parties; in other words, a truce.
Alliance (meaning)
Counties banding together against a common threat.
Triple Entente
Alliance between France, Russia and England.
Triple Alliance
Alliance between Germany, Austria-Hungary and Italy.
Militarism
Belief in the power of strong armies and navies to decide issues.
Arms Race
A competition between two or more parties/groups to have the best armed forces; at this time it was between England and Germany.
HMS Dreadnought
Technologically superior battleship; rendered previous battleships of the world’s navies “obsolete at a stroke.”
Nationalism
Feelings of deep loyalty to one’s people and homeland.
Balkans
Region of Europe that had been a hotbed of tensions for years.
Terrorist Organization
Groups that supports violent actions to gain its goals.
The Black Hand
Terrorist grouping that was determined to free Bosnia from Austria-Hungary.
Annex (meaning)
Seize, especially without permission.
June 28, 1914
Day that the Archduke and Archduchess were assassinated setting the events in motion that would lead to WW1.
Sarajevo
Capital of Bosnia where the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand took place.
Franz Ferdinand
Archduke of Austro-Hungarian Empire.
Gavrilo Princip
Member of the Black Hand who assassinated the Archduke and his wife.
Kaiser Wilhelm II
Ruler of Germany prior to and during World War One.
Nicholas II
Ruler of Russia prior to and during World War One, up till the Russian Communist revolution.
Neutrality
A country does not help or support any side in a war or dispute.
July 28, 1914
Austria-Hungary declares war against Serbia setting in motion World War One.
Robert Borden
Prime Minister of Canada during World War One.
Wilfred Laurier
Former Prime Minister of Canada
Henri Bourassa
French Canadian Nationalist.
“La Marseillaise”
National anthem of France.
“Rule Britannia”
British patriotic naval song.
Colonel Sam Hughes
Minister of the Militia who organized a massive recruiting campaign across the country. Also known as a lunatic.
Profiteering
Making a profit by raising prices on needed goods or producing poor quality materials.
Camp Valcartier
Camp set up to train and prepare the Canadian forces.
CEF
The Canadian Expeditionary Force; an army that was formed by volunteers. It fought as a separate independent unit.
Patrick Riel
Grandson of Louis Riel; killed at Vimy Ridge.
Francis Pegahamagabow
Most decorated Native Canadian soldier in World War One.
Henry “ducky” Norwest
Native Canadian Cree who won recognition as an excellent sniper.
Jerry Jones
Black Canadian who fought at Vimy Ridge and Passchendaele.
No. 2 Construction Battalion
First Black Canadian unit in the Canadian military.
Who said “The Canadians can be completely ignored. . . they are nothing but trash.” ?
A German General
Who said “We are totally unprepared. Not only in men but in Material” ?
General Otter
Who said “The world has drifted far from its old anchor and no man with certainty can prophesy outcome will be” ?
Robert Borden
Who said “It is Canada’s duty to contribute within the founds of her strength” ?
Henry Bourassa
Otto Von Bismarck
Prime Minister of Prussia; Predicted WW1 in the late 1800s.
Who said “When Britain is at war, Canada is at war. There is no distinction” ?
Wilfred Laurier
Ross Rifles
Rifles that Canadians used in the war; longer, heavier and more expensive than it was supposed to be. Great for sniping but didn’t work in the trenches. The soldiers hated it.
Hamilton Gault
Personally paid for the Princess Pats, a battalion used in WW1.
Vandoos
A French-Canadian battalion. Mascot is the Queens goat.
Andy McNaughton
Electrical engineer who developed sound and flash spotting on the battle field to know enemy locations without seeing them.
Plan 17
French war plan. Was a counter attack on the Germans. They went in with no artillery. Was a terrible play, they got rekt.
Schlieffen Plan
German war plan. Involved going through Belgium and encircling Paris in 6 weeks.
Berlin/Kitchener
City, Berlin, was renamed to Kitchener, named after Lord Kitchener. Changed names because it was named after the capital of Germany.
Battle of the Marne
Significant battle where the Allies stopped the Schlieffen Plan. Beginning of trench warfare.
Who said “This isn’t war, it is mutual suicide” ?
Lord Kitchener
Arthur Currie
Canadian general who became a respected strategist during the war and was knighted and promoted to command the entire Canadian Corps.
Who said “They will go back in thirty rowboats,” taking about the Canadian army?
Kaiser Wilhelm II
Daughter of the Empire
First Canadians women’s group to spring into action. Raised money for ambulances.
December 25, 1914
Unofficial Christmas Ceasefire
“Live and let live”
Attitude in the trenches as the men had grown sick of war and really didn’t want to kill each other.
Manure
Battle of the Somme. Fields they fought in were heavily manured making every wound deadly.
Rum
Soldiers were given rum before battle to ease the pain of the killing.
Lance Corporal Fisher
First Canadian to receive the Victoria Cross in WW1.
Kitchener’s Wood
First Canadian attack of the war. The only success of the first Battle of Ypres.
Sir Julien Byng
Commander of the Canadian Corps. Canada was only able to take Vimy thanks to him and his planning.
Indirect Causes of World War One Acronym: MAIN
Militarism, Alliance’s, Imperialism and Nationism
Direct Causes of World War One Acronym: A BUM
Assassination, blank cheque, ultimatum, mobilization.
Reasons for Victory in Vimy
Planes to survey area (reconnaissance), built a copy of the German trenches so soldiers could get familiar to them (fake ridge), each soldiers was give a map instead of just the general, many tunnels were built, creeping barrage strategy was used where you shoot the artillery then walk with it it and repeat.
Antoni Fokker
Developed the interrupter device allowing the Germans to shoot bullets through their propeller.
The Red Baron
His real name is Baron Manfred von Richtofen. Top air ace of WW1. Shot down by Roy Brown.
Reasons why America Joined the War
Germany’s unrestricted submarine warfare which sunk American ships, and the Zimmerman telegram that Germany sent to Mexico to declare war on U.S.A to prevent them from joining the war. Britain intercepted it though. Also Germans were sabotaging American factories.
Terms of the Treaty of Versailles (8)
Allies take away all of Germans colonies, German’s army restricted to just 100,000 men, Germany forced to accept responsibility for WW1, Germany not allowed to have troops in Rhineland for 15 years, Germany may not have any submarines or an Air Force, Poland given land to connect to the North Sea, and Germany was forbidden to unite with Austria.
