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world war II Flashcards

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1
Q

adolf hitler’s aggression:

A

he used propaganda

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2
Q

germany occupied

A

the rhineland

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3
Q

france was responsible for

A

enforcing the treaty of versailles

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4
Q

instead,

A

they accepted german action

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5
Q

rome - what was created

A

the berlin axis

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6
Q

britain and france

A

appeased germany

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7
Q

appeasement

A

prevents war (“surrender on the installment plan”)

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8
Q

who was annexed

A

austria (german speaking), the sudetenland (ethic germans)

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9
Q

hitler pledged:

A

“this is the last territorial claim i have to make in europe”

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10
Q

munich conference

A

gave hitler what he wanted

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11
Q

six months after the munich conference…

A

hitler took over the rest of czechoslovakia

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12
Q

turning point

A

hitler had no excuse

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13
Q

britain and france realized

A

that they no longer could appease germany

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14
Q

britain and france concluded

A

security treaties with poland

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15
Q

germany invaded

A

poland

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16
Q

germany signed

A

a mutual non-aggression pact with russia

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17
Q

world war II began in

A

europe

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18
Q

blitzkrieg

A

lightning war - coordinated air and ground offensive

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19
Q

dunkirk

A

germans forced the british and french to retreat to britain (they left their weapons!)

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20
Q

battle of britain

A

the german luftwaffe bombed england repeatedly for five months, hitler prepared for an invasion that was later postponed, first conflict in history to be decided solely by air power, later germany hit england with V-2 rockets

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21
Q

churchill called more germans being killed than british…

A

“our finest hour”

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22
Q

barbarossa

A

germany attacked russia

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23
Q

who did most of the fighting in ww2

A

the soviets (not the western powers) which caused them to receive most of the land

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24
Q

operation torch

A

north africa, britain and america vs germany, tank warfare, george s. patton vs erwin rommel

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25
Q

operation husky

A

invasion of sicily, u.s. used mafia to fight the axis, british and u.s. troops were able to gain a stepping stone to the mainland of europe

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26
Q

d-day (operation overlord)

A

german forces were shot on the coast of france (normandy), allies pushed back germans, eventually took back paris

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27
Q

who led d-day

A

gen dwight d. eisenhower

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28
Q

who was gen dwight d. eisenhower

A

supreme commander of western europe

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29
Q

battle of the bulge

A

last german offense, germany retreated

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30
Q

hitler committed

A

suicide

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31
Q

victory day

A

may 8th, 1945

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32
Q

what led to the attack on pearl harbor

A

US/japanese relations worsened

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33
Q

the united states felt morally responsible to…

A

halt the exportation of goods which fueled the japanese military (moral embargo - oil/scrap iron)

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34
Q

what was stationed at pearl harbor, hawaii

A

the u.s. pacific fleet

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35
Q

tripartite agreement

A

germany, italy, japan (axis powers)

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36
Q

for japan, the attack on pearl harbor was an…

A

offensive-defense

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37
Q

the moral embargo was a threat to japan’s…

A

ability to make their own choices concerning the future of east asia

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38
Q

the embargo was designed to

A

persuade japan to america’s point of view

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39
Q

japan needed to wipe out the deterrent in the pacific

A

but that winter would’ve been too late (they could win a short war)

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40
Q

the attack was successful, except

A

three u.s. aircraft carriers were out at sea and oil storage tanks/dry docks were not touched

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41
Q

japan did not…

A

send out a third wave of planes

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42
Q

pearl harbor was therefore rebuilt,

A

maintaining the deterrent in the pacific

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43
Q

pearl harbor was more important after the war began because

A

it kept the u.s. navy close to action (midway was coming)

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44
Q

pearl harbor was a backdoor into

A

world war 2

45
Q

atlantic conference

A

roosevelt and churchill met secretly off the coast of canada

46
Q

four freedoms speech

A

brought on because of hitlers aggression in europe

47
Q

what did FDR and WC decide

A

that germany would be the first objective; japan the second (otherwise the US would have to fight the nazis alone)

48
Q

eight points based on

A

wilson’s fourteen points

49
Q

cognitive dissonance

A

refusal to believe the obvious

50
Q

the u.s. joined ww2 after

A

pearl harbor

51
Q

halting the…

A

japanese advances

52
Q

the coral sea (australia)

A

fight for japanese drive south, japan’s victory (in numbers; they sank the aircraft carrier lexington), america’s victory (strategically; they stopped the japanese drive south)

53
Q

midway islands

A

aircraft carrier battle, americans were breaking japan’s code, americans were ambushed by the japanese

54
Q

guadalcanal (the solomon islands)

A

japanese airbase, “active defense” by the allies would lead to the retaking of the philippines, hand-to-hand combat, japanese evacuated

55
Q

the u.s. took back the

A

philippines

56
Q

“island hopping”

A

marianas, iwo jima (flag raising), okinawa

57
Q

this led to the preparation of an…

A

invasion of japan

58
Q

president harry s. truman dropped

A

a-bombs instead (“fat man” and “little boy”)

59
Q

the “manhattan project”

A

hiroshima and nagasaki (industrial target)

60
Q

japan surrendered

A

formal instrument of surrender = sept. 3

61
Q

the u.s. mobilized for war by

A

supplying the allies

62
Q

cash and carry

A

allowed nations to obtain non-military supplies if they paid cash and carried it on their own ships

63
Q

the neutrality acts

A

tied roosevelt’s hand too much and worsened the economy (this undid both)

64
Q

roosevelt had the arms embargo changed from belligerents to

A

“cash and carry” to help the allies

65
Q

destroyer for bases

A

the u.s. provided old destroyers to protect shipments of supplies to great britatin

66
Q

the undeclared war

A

“shoot on sight” orders were issued to u.s. destroyers and merchant ships were armed (targeted u-boats)

67
Q

lend-lease

A

lent materials to countries whose defense seemed vital to the defense of the u.s. regardless of its inability to pay (ex. gb and ussr)

68
Q

undeclared war became worse

A

u.s. ships were armed and carrying goods to england

69
Q

arsenal of

A

democracy

70
Q

the war revitalized

A

the american economy

71
Q

how did the war revitalize american economy

A

no strikes, unemployment went down (women and minorities were hired), earnings increased, first peace draft in u.s. history

72
Q

american industrial output determined

A

the eventually allied victory over the axis

73
Q

american military output more than doubled the axis output…

A

winning a war of attrition

74
Q

war of attrition

A

a war of constant abuse to wear down the enemy (outproduce them)

75
Q

japan and germany underestimated the…

A

production power of the u.s.

76
Q

rationing

A

gas, coffee, sugar, canned food, stockings

77
Q

war bonds

A

raised money for the war

78
Q

income tax

A

the number of people paying increased

79
Q

rosie the riveter

A

symbol for female factory workers

80
Q

rosie the riveter (pt.2)

A

replaced men in factories, sense of pride for women, women were paid lower than men

81
Q

internment camps

A

japanese relocation camps

82
Q

internment camps were used to relocate…

A

japanese-americans

83
Q

how did the u.s. make up for putting japanese-americans into internment camps?

A

they apologized and paid

84
Q

442nd

A

the most decorated unit in the american army during ww2

85
Q

the atlantic conference (charter)

A

roosevelt and churchill decided to enact self-determination, the right of a nation to determine their own government through elections, designed to build long lasting world peace

86
Q

casablanca (morroco)

A

roosevelt and churchill decided not to accept anything less than “unconditional surrender”

87
Q

the tehran conference (iran)

A

roosevelt, churchill, and stalin (stalin wanted a ton of nazis executed)

88
Q

the west promised…

A

a large offensive

89
Q

europe would be divided…

A

by the middle (stalin’s triumph)

90
Q

europe would be liberated by…

A

the soviets

91
Q

yalta (russia)

A

expanded the soviet role in far east (fight against japan)

92
Q

roosevelt pushed for

A

a united nations (he had to keep u.s. troops out of peace time europe but died two months after this conference)

93
Q

harry s. truman

A

fdr’s successor

94
Q

potsdam (germany)

A

harry s. truman was kept in the dark about roosevelts deals with stalin, he learned of the successful test of the a-bomb at the conference (necessary evil), he cut off lend-lease to the soviets

95
Q

in ww2, it became acceptable to

A

target civilians (IMPORTANT)

96
Q

lesson learned —>

A

the price of appeasement

97
Q

the holocaust

A

death by fire, approved by adolf hitler

98
Q

what does the capital “H” in the holocaust mean?

A

indicates the period of time when jews were killed and persecuted

99
Q

the nuremberg laws deprived jews of…

A

german citizenship and reduced them to the status of “subjects”

100
Q

marriage between who was outlawed?

A

jews and aryans

101
Q

aryan

A

a caucasian with no jewish blood

102
Q

the jewish question

A

where to put the jewish population?

103
Q

the ghetto

A

isolated neighborhoods of jews

104
Q

the final solution

A

systematic extermination by industrial methods of an entire population

105
Q

adolf eichmann

A

nazi official in charge of the extermination program (trains, ghettos, camps)

106
Q

auschwitz

A

a collection of camps and factories in poland (worst and most deadly)

107
Q

joseph mengele

A

the angel of death, he would whistle and sing as he killed people, he experimented on people

108
Q

dachau (u.s. military) (set precedence)

A

100% conviction rate, men were not persecuted for certain crimes

109
Q

nuremberg trials (international)

A

prosecuted nazi officers (they gave the orders), ESTABLISHED THE PRINCIPLE THAT OBEDIENCE TO A NATION”S WARTIME POLICIES DOES NOT EXCUSE THE GUILT FOR CRIMES AGAINST HUMANITY

history (3 decks)

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