civil rights and vietnam Flashcards
“separate but equal” was established by…
plessy v. ferguson
“separate but equal” was enforced in the…
south
plessy vs. ferguson was overturned by…
oliver brown v. the board of education (topeka, kansas)
brown was represented by…
thurgood marshall
thurgood marshall eventually became…
the first black supreme court justice
brown sued on the basis that…
sending a student to a separate school based on race violated the 14th amendment
rosa parks refused to…
give up her bus seat for a white man
what happened as a result of rosa parks refusal?
boycott of the buses
who led the boycott of the buses?
martin luther king jr.
civil disobedience
nonviolent protests against unjust laws
segregation on buses was ruled unconstitutional by…
the students attending the school
who enrolled at central high school?
nine black students
the national guard was called by the government to…
prevent the students from attending the school
the civil rights act (1957) protected…
the right to vote (bi-partisanship)
civil rights act (1957) was led by…
johnson
sit-ins worked to…
break down jim crow laws
the march on washington happened in support for…
a new civil rights bill (MLK –> “I Have a Dream”)
what did the civil rights act (1964) do?
ended segregation and discrimination when hiring
what did the voting rights act do?
ended literacy tests and allowed local discrimination laws to be overturned
24th amendment
banned poll taxes
what award did MLK win around the time the voting rights act was signed into law?
the nobel peace prize
violence that resulted during the freedom marches…
was seen on TV
race riots drew attention to…
radicals
race riots happened in over…
100 cities
malcolm x
called for segregation and was assassinated
the black panthers
militant black activist group
the 1966 riots
divided the movement, a new civil rights bill failed
1967 - the worst of the riots
johnson asked for a new bill but congress did not oblige
MLK was assassinated by…
james earl ray
the war on poverty
500 land reforms
economic opportunity act of 1964
came from kennedy
income tax cut
consumer spendings rose
medicare
health insurance
medicaid
federal grants given to the states that wanted to help the needy above 65
education
integrated schools received money
housing an urban development act of 1965
low rent on public housing, led to the department of transportation
the great society reduced…
pollution
the great society resulted in…
more involvement by the federal government in the daily lives of americans
the war in vietnam was…
the largest american war
vietnam (south and north) was divided at the
17th //
what was supposed to unify vietnam?
free elections
the french would help…
prepare the south for independence
north vietnam was
communist
vietcong
communist south vietnam
vietnunh
communist north vietnam
south vietnam was
non-communist
as part of american involvement,
military advisors were sent out
kennedy sent
green beret
american men…
supported involvement
diem ordered buddests to obey catholic religious laws
they protested and were brutally crushed
immolated monk
sacrifice, burnt himself
a succession of…
military government followed diem
diem did not have the support of…
his own people
the united states broadened the war by…
increasing covert operations against north vietnam
gulf of tonkin resolution (johnson)
authorized the president to take “all necessary measures to repel an armed attack”
what was attacked in the gulf of tonkin?
a united states naval ship (u.s.s maddox)
johnson asked congress for a resolution but…
congress was misled
johnson expanded the…
air war in north and south vietnam
johnson did this by…
adding combat troops and a saturation bombing in south vietnam
the united states assumed…
the burden of fighting in south vietnam
the bombing (outcome)…
failed to achieve its objective
the americans waged the…
largest ariel war in history (operation “rolling thunder”)
ground forces totaled…
about 500,000 troopers
americans lost about…
six billion dollars worth of aircraft
the tet offensive
“the living room war”
north and south vietnamese troops attacked…
towns, cities, and military bases (US) throughout south vietnam
the tet offensive was a…
military defeat for the communists
however, the tet offensive was a…
crucial political victory for the communists
johnson scaled back on…
war effort
military policy in a democracy can be affected by…
popular opinion
johnson refused…
a second term
nixon gradually withdrew troops but…
increased the bombing
nixon bombed…
the vietcong safe-havens in cambodia, a neutral country
this was an illegal act…
kept from congress that did not work
the american response was…
negative (kent state)
treaty between the united states and north vietnam
(“peace with honor”) the civil war went on for two more years
north vietnam mounted an offensive and…
south vietnam suddenly collapsed
president ford…
did nothing
vietnam was a war without…
fronts or territorial progress
the only measure of progress was…
a body count (“search and destroy”)
the united states used herbicides to…
kill the forest cover and food crops (agent orange) (health hazards)
the united states never won…
the support of the south vitenamese people
as time went on, the united states and south vietnam
did not get along
vietnam - victory/deafeat
for the united states - it was a military victory but political defeat
a domestic result of the vietnam war is the…
continued distrust of the government
war powers act
inform the house and senete within 48 hours of involvement in fighting, bring the troops home within 90 days or get approval to stay
