world war I Flashcards
nationalism
patriotic feeling, principles, or efforts
Risorgimento
meaning resurgence or revival), was the political and social movement that consolidated different states of the Italian peninsula into the single state of the Kingdom of Italy in the 19th century.
Young Italy Movement
was a political movement for Italian youth (under age 40) founded in 1831 by Giuseppe Mazzini. Its goal was to create a united Italian republic through promoting a general insurrection in the Italian reactionary states and in the lands occupied by the Austrian Empire.
Giusepe mazzini
was an Italian politician, journalist and activist for the unification of Italy and spearheaded the Italian revolutionary movement.
Guisepe Garivaldi
Italian patriot whose conquest of Sicily and Naples led to the formation of the Italian state (1807-1882)
Liberals
a person of liberal views
Unification
the process of being united or made into a whole
Otto Von Bismarch
known as Otto von Bismarck (German pronunciation: [ˈɔtoː fɔn ˈbɪsmark]), was a conservative Prussian statesman who dominated German and European affairs from the 1860s until 1890
realpolitik
a system of politics or principles based on practical rather than moral or ideological considerations.
Czar Alexander
Alexander II was the Emperor of Russia from 2 March 1855 until his assassination in 1881. He was also the King of Poland and the Grand Duke of Finland.
Emancipation
e fact or process of being set free from legal, social, or political restrictions; liberation
Serfs
an agricultural laborer bound under the feudal system to work on his lord’s estate.
Social Democracy Party
political party in Germany advocating a form of social organization based on the economic and political ideology of Karl Marx.
Autocrat
an absolute ruler, especially a monarch who holds and exercises the powers of government as by inherent right, not subject to restrictions.
programs
plan of action to accomplish a specified end
nihilist
total rejection of established laws and institutions.
Duma
in Russia prior to 1917) a council or official assembly
Transimsant Reforms
series of reforms promulgated in the Ottoman Empire between 1839 and 1876 under the reigns of the sultans Abdülmecid I and Abdülaziz.
dual monarchy
occurs when two separate kingdoms are ruled by the same monarch, follow the same foreign policy, exist in a customs union with each other and have a combined military but are otherwise self-governing. The term is typically used to refer to Austria–Hungary, a dual monarchy that existed from 1867 to 1918.
Balkan league
was an alliance formed by a series of bilateral treaties concluded in 1912 between the Balkan states of Greece, Bulgaria, Serbia and Montenegro, and directed against the Ottoman Empire, which at the time still controlled much of the Balkan peninsula.
crimean war
The Crimean War was a military conflict fought from October 1853 to March 1856 in which the Russian Empire lost to an alliance of France, Britain, the Ottoman Empire, and Sardinia.
Treaty of Stefano
peace treaty between Russia and the Ottoman Empire, at the conclusion of the last of the Russo-Turkish Wars; it was signed at San Stefano (now Yeşilköy), a village W of İstanbul, Turkey.
Militarism
the belief or desire of a government or people that a country should maintain a strong military capability and be prepared to use it aggressively to defend or promote national interests.
Aliance sysutem
the act of allying or state of being allied. a formal agreement or treaty between two or more nations to cooperate for specific purposes. a merging of efforts or interests by persons, families, states, or organizations: an alliance between church and state.
triple alliance
also known as the Triplice, was a secret agreement between Germany, Austria-Hungary, and Italy formed on 20 May 1882 and renewed periodically until World War I. Germany and Austria-Hungary had been closely allied since 1879.
triple entente
an informal understanding among Great Britain, France, and Russia based on a Franco-Russian military alliance (1894), an Anglo-French entente (1904), and an Anglo-Russian entente (1907). It was considered a counterbalance to the Triple Alliance but was terminated when the Bolsheviks came into control in Russia in 1917.
Kiuturkampt
German: “culture struggle”), the bitter struggle (c. 1871–87) on the part of the German chancellor Otto von Bismarck to subject the Roman Catholic church to state controls.
Reich-stag
a German word generally meaning parliament, more directly translated as Diet of the Realm or National Diet or Imperial Diet.
treaty of prague
was a peace treaty signed between the Kingdom of Prussia and the Austrian Empire at Prague on 23 August 1866, ending the Austro-Prussian War.
Franscis joseph I
was a peace treaty signed between the Kingdom of Prussia and the Austrian Empire at Prague on 23 August 1866, ending the Austro-Prussian War.
Revolution of 1905
Russian Revolution of 1905, uprising that was instrumental in convincing Tsar Nicholas II to attempt the transformation of the Russian government from an autocracy into a constitutional monarchy.Sep 12, 2003
mobilization
the action of a country or its government preparing and organizing troops for active service
